• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.13-22
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• 2012

Rating system, which generated by struggling and negotiating of many social groups, helps us to anyalyze plenty of social factors. With this point of view this article attempts to examine the game rating system of Iran, that started in 2009. At the beginning, the nubmber and ratio of prohibited games were very high. Most prohibited games have contents of violence with religious distortion or women's nudity. But recently the case of prohibition is not seen and the ratio of age rate is changed to that of other countries. The system and operation of ESRA is influenced by multiple factors like the willingness to support game industry of government, the understanding of industrial value, the acknowledgement of cultural effect of game and etc.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.155-162
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• 2003

The factors to limit interior circumstance and the expression of the space start In the point how to provide the order in the interior space according to the intention of design. The controlling of the natural and artificial surroundings should be focused by synthesizing and analyzing the condition of circumstance, function, and emotion to provide the comfortable room to a customer in a fitness center. A fitness center aiming at the future requires various function according to it's role depending on the change of the social values. In addition, the fitness center reflecting the various regional culture according to the change of values requires the expansion of the cultural and life space. The characteristics of fitness space like this affects the mental effect of a customer with the color and quality of the materials suitable for the characteristics of grouping, continuity, symbolism, and generation as well as the unification in the total design and the simplicity of maintenance and management. The paper aims to extract factors related to the circumstance plan of the interior and to suggest it's application in the interior design. The design applicable to the circumstance plan of the interior will keep changing according to the social change and the change of the understanding along with the factors. The continuous research on the interior circumstance planning of a fitness center could be approach to develop in a systematic method and the paper will be expected to be a little step toward it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to understand the ideas of characteristic of convergence design related to slow fashion design. Convergence design in digital stage can be defined as a social phenomenon which different function of product move toward one direction for greater efficiency. Slow fashion is based on the Slow Movement. (This is a movement with similar principles to the Slow Food Movement, as it promotes an alternative mass production, such as fast fashion.) The aims of this research are to study slow fashion that has appeared in the fashion industry through various approaches for convergence designs, and to find the possibility of use for slow fashion. The research method consisted of carrying out case studies and analyzing literatures and proceeding cases. The characteristics of convergence designs are classified into technical convergence, emotion-oriented convergence and complex convergence. Technical convergence has an effect on slow fashion as a multi-functional design. Second, emotion-oriented convergence affects social-cultural design. Slow fashion related to a complex convergence design reveals emotion-oriented deign. Slow fashion is related to convergence design is to expect contribute to provide a good source for the future fashion industry and fashion market.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2024

Purpose: This study explored the impact of using a music and horticultural therapy program on depression among rural seniors living in Yeongam-gun and conducted a comparative analysis before and after the program to present basic data helpful for an integrated mental health promotion program tailored to rural areas. Research methodology: The analysis subjects of this study were users of the rural residential program of 'Our Village Day Care Center' in Yeongam-gun in 2023, with a total of 20 people, 10 seniors for each program. The research analysis used SPSS to determine the effect on participation and depression before and after the program was implemented. Results: As a result of the analysis, depression levels decreased after completion of the horticultural therapy program and music therapy program, and this was statistically significant. Conclusion: Three implications are presented based on the following research results. First, the need for programs that can improve not only the physical health but also the mental health of elderly people living in rural areas is suggested. Second, the need for programs that link cultural programs such as music and gardening activities with welfare programs is suggested. Third, the need for follow-up management and verification of periodic mental health checkups for rural elderly is suggested.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.506-523
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• 2011

Since the 1990s, the handmade shoes industrial agglomeration district has formed in the city center, Hyangchon-dong, Jung-gu in Daegu. This paper aims to examine the formation process, to analyze the viability, and to propose policy implications of manufacturing industrial districts in a city center through studying this industrial district. The district's creation began as the result of the dissolution of local production and marketing system of handmade shoes in the 1980s, the excellent accessibility of the location and an inexpensive rent. The district's core viability lies in the external economies derived from local networks through social divisions of labor of production and marketing systems. Because of the lack of organizers of the social division of labor and 'integrated production system done by single business', the effect of external economies created by the social division of labor is limited. To get over this limitation, the district should to be restructured into a 'cultural street of leather crafts' as a part of 'making modern historical and cultural belt' programs within Daegu downtown regeneration policies. To support the restructuring, public assistant measures such as the establishment of a corporate services center should be strengthened.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.28
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• pp.239-253
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• 1996

The purpose of this dissertation is to exam-ine the hippie look which is one of the most popular fashion trends in the early 90s, in re-lation to the hippie style in 60s and cultural restoration. in order to investigate the re-lationship this dissertation studies the trans-feral phenomenon of anti-fashion into mother fashion in the basis of social and clutural theories. hippie culture is the anti-culture which appeared in America in the late 60s, it tried to create a new culture by subverting the ruling class culture with their combative life style and peculiar appearance which are distinguished from mother culture. First of all to examine the inner symbolic meaning and outer shape of the hippie style I divided the characteristics of the hippies into ideology social value and attitude on sex. in the aspect of ideology the hippie show strong subjectivity while mother culture shows ob-jectivity. in social value the hippie has the resisting chaacteristics while mother culture has the conformative characteristics. In the aspect of sex the hippie tries to break the fixed idea of mother culture. Hippie culture as anti-culture is symbolically expressed in hippie style fashion which is dif-ferent from mother fashion in shape. There-fore the inner meaning and the outer shape of the hippie style shows strong characteristics of anti-fashion. Hippie style as anti-fashion has an effect on high fashion in the late 60s and the early 70s and on hippie look which is restored in 90s. however hippie-look in 90s is a mother-fashion in which all symbolic mean-ings of the hippie style are weakened and the only outer shape of hippie style is presented and suggested. It doesn't show any cultural backgrounds ideology social value and new attitude on sex of the hippies. The transferal phenomenon of anti-fashion into mother-fashion is summarized as follows. First in the process of tranference to highfashion in 60s and 70s and hippie-look in 90s the resistance of the hippie style is weakened and only suggested through the outer look. Second the hippie style which reappeared in the high fashion and mother fashion in 90s are layered look military uniform mode flower print grunge look romantic look peasant look ethnic look gypsy style handicraft ornaments working suit style handicraft ornaments working suit style and the use of the see-through cloth. Third the fact that the popular and high fashion were influenced by anti fashion in 60s proves filter-up theory in fashion adaption theory. As I examined before the ideology of the hippies are faded in high fashion in 60s-70s and hippie-look in 90s. The symbolic meaning of the hippie style is also weakened and only presented as a fashion trend.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2013

Objectives : The number of North Korean refugees is remarkably increasing nowadays and there are many social and cultural issues related to their settlements in Korea. Stereotyping of group is generally unique and has influences on emotions and behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among stereotyping, emotion and service behavior of South Korean dentist towards North Korean refugee. Methods : Questionnaires for stereotyping, emotions and service behaviors were devised based on previous researches. Two-hundred and eighteen Korean dentists were randomly chosen and questionnaires were distributed. Correlation analysis, reliability analysis and primary component analysis were performed. Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were done to elucidate differences according to demographic factors. To examine the relationship among constructs, regression analysis was performed. Results : Stereotyping, emotions, and service behaviors are significantly related each other construct. South Korean dentists' stereotyping and emotions toward North Korean refugees are significantly different from those toward South Korean but service behavioral intentions were not different according to any demographic factor. Conclusions : The results imply that more contacts and education system are necessary to South Korean dentists to change their negative stereotyping and emotions toward North Korean refugees although their service behaviors are not affected at the moment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2019

Purpose - This research aims to investigate the effects that the selection of oriental medicine cosmetics and brand asset attributes have on consumers' economic, emotional and social values in order to shed light on the forms and characteristics of consumption within the globally developing oriental medicine cosmetics market, and in the end positively verify how such perceived values affect purchase intention. In addition, it proposes research outcomes by comparing the differences between national and cultural consumer purchase behavior based on the comparisons of consumer groups in South Korea and China, the major markets for oriental medicine cosmetics. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on advanced research a total of 9 hypotheses were designed and questionnaires consisting of 16 questions to identify six major variables were conducted. Research was carried out centered on Seoul, South Korea, and its surrounding metropolitan area as well as Beijing and Shanghai, China, and a total of 577 sets of significant data were collected. A comparison analysis was then conducted on the data from 285 Koreans and 292 Chinese. A regression analysis and path analysis were also carried out based on a structural equation model to suggest results. Results - Research results show brand value assets had a more crucial impact on consumers' perceived value than consumer selection of oriental medicine cosmetics, while emotional value had a bigger effect on purchase intension than social or economic values. For Chinese consumers in particular, social, economic and emotional values affected purchase intention, while emotional value was the most crucial factor for Korean consumers. Conclusions - With oriental medicine cosmetics, brand characteristics and images that helped express emotional desire proved to be more effective in marketing than the performance aspect of cosmetics, including their functions and ingredients. In the end, products that highlight individual desire and emotion should be introduced instead of those that emphasize price, functions and social characteristics in order to expand the global market of oriental medicine cosmetics.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2021

This study explores four Korean films: Silenced (2011), Unbowed (2012), The Attorney (2014), and New Trial (2017). Based on these films, this study explores the features of courtroom films and their social significance on society. The ability of Korean courtroom films to have such a profound impact on Korean society is something that is not usually witnessed in other countries. Also, the fact that they are low-budget works, not action/thrillers within the 'guaranteed star' system, and the fact that they present opportunities for netizens to call for change is a defining feature of Korean courtroom films. All four films have sparked controversy over the level of realism in Korean courtroom films, but what is more important is the way in which they portray contemporary social change. In summary, these four Korean courtroom films highlight the characteristics of social action and the means of mobilization required to effect it.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.35
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• pp.237-268
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• 2014

Examining swear words found in Korean and English, we aim to answer the following two questions: (i) 'What words develop into swear words?' and (ii) 'Why they do?' The utility of a swear word is frequently recognized as intimidation directed towards an opponent, emotional catharsis, and solidarity building among in-group members (Jay 1992, 2000, Kim 1997). We seek to go beyond this simple enumeration of possible functions of swearing and suggest an underlying mechanism at work to explain how these functions are achieved and why only certain types of words are employed in this pursuit. A close examination reveals that a swear word must contain either taboo or sadism as an essential component. Sexual pleasure adds another dimension to the basic components. Thus, if an expression contains a subset of the component set {taboo, sadism, sex} in its semantics, it becomes available for swearing (one of the underlined components must be included in the set). For example, many religiously sacred expressions and words for excretion are common swear words as they violate social and religious taboo. On the other hand, words referring to social minorities are a convenient target for sadism. Furthermore, words describing sexual activity contain all three components, violating social taboo, evoking sadism, and giving the initiator guilty sexual pleasure. A combination of the components can produce an emotional effect called catharsis for the initiator. When directed towards others, these components, especially taboo and sadism, can be exploited as a verbal attack, an intimidation, preceding or replacing a physical attack. However, solidarity building is analyzed as a secondary function of swearing, achieved by sharing a sense of accomplice when in-group members behave badly together, such as violating social taboo and committing sadism.