• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of smoking cessation program in large size company using motivational enhancement counseling. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted. 72 workers in intervention group and 65 workers in control group participated in 7 large size companies. Smoking cessation program consisted of a campaign, smoking cessation education, and 6 weeks motivational enhancement counseling. The motivational enhancement counseling was tailored to the individual's stage of change. Stages of smoking behavior, smoking cessation rate, nicotine dependence, and confidence of smoking cessation were assessed after intervention. Results: The results showed that intervention had a significant impact on improving stages of smoking behavior and smoking cessation rate, and impact on decreasing nicotine dependence, compared to those of a control group. Conclusion: The effects and feasibility of smoking cessation program including motivational enhancement counseling were revealed in the large size company. These results might provide information that can be used in improving cultures of smoking cessation for workers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1997

In this paper, the study model, which presents the patterns of how the changing mechanisms are adopted to the changing stages of smoking cessation, was developed by modifying the integrative model of Prochaska et al. (1983) with including seven changing mechanisms which were identified by Oh and Kim(1996). Then the developed study model was exploratively tested with 155 University student between 20 and 29 years of age as subjects. According to the study results. among the five mechanisms. which are significant in explaining the differences between stages. DUNCAN post-comparison showed that the least applied ones were Stimulus Control, Self Determinism, Cognitive Restructuring in the precomplation stage, and Reinforcement and Dramatic Relief. in the relapsed stage. In the comtemplation stage. it was observed that Dramatic Relief is used most frequently and that the other two mechanisms, Information Management and Cognitive Restructuring, showed different results from those inferred in the study hypothesis. In the case of Information Management, it was excluded from the analysis it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages, but Cognitive Reconstruction turns out to be a more frequently used mechanism in the action stage rather than in the comtemplation stage. Helping Relationship was also excluded in the post-comparison analysis since it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages and Reinforcement was a more frequently used mechanisms in the comtemplation stage. Stimulus Control turns out to be the connecting mechanism which was most frequently used in both the contemplation and action stages. Self Determination was most frequently used in the action stage rather than in both the comtemplation stage and action stage, differing from the presumption of the model. Lastly, subjects in the relapsed stage were utilizing Stimulus Control and Self Determination at the same level as subjects in the precontemplation stage. and the utilization of both Reinformcement and Dramatic Relief was lower than that of the precomtemplation stage, that is, at the lowest level. Only Cognitive Restructuring was used of the same level as the comtemplation stage. The relapsed stage in this study did not represent the preparation for action stage as presumed in the model of Prochaska et. al. (1983) but did show a pattern similar to the initial stage of smoking cessation. However, since this interpretation about the relapser was based on only a small number of relapsers(n=5), this conclusion may not be reliable.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify variables that influence smoking cessation based on the transtheoretical model. Methods: Variables that influence the stages of change in smoking cessation were selected based on transtheoretical model. Data were collected from 176 men aged 30-64 who smoked, Data collection was done in community settings in Seoul and vicinity, Korea between December, 1999 and June, 2000. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic analysis using the pc-SAS program. Results: According to the logit model, the influence of significant variables on stage of change for smoking cessation suggest that ; When the scores for Pros in decision making for smoking cessation are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the action, precontemplation and contemplation stage of change will be lower than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of habitual craving in smoking temptation is high, the possibility that the subjects are in the precontemplation and contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of smoking temptation in negative affect situations are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of cognitive process in the process of change are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. Conclusions : The results provide evidence that physical and psychological dependence on smoking are main barriers to smoking cessation. Therefore nursing interventions based on stage that focus on increasing motivation and intention for smoking cessation need to be developed.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the stages of change distributions for nine major health behaviors among poor children in underserved area, and to provide basic information for developing specific objectives and strategies for health education program. Methods: The health behavior data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire and analysed for 3,081 poor children in 106 local children's centers nationwide. Stages of change classification were based on self-reported responses to five statements. The health behaviors included were balanced diet, safety behavior (helmet and protective device use while riding), regular exercise, smoking, alcohol use, drug use, sleep pattern, weight management and stress management. Results: Poor children were more likely in precontemplation and less frequently in action and maintenance stages for a safety behavior. 33.1% of respondents were precontemplators, 29.9% contemplators, and 6.5% in preparation stage. Only 4.3% and 9.6% were in action and maintenance stages, respectively. Gender differences were apparent. Boys were more likely to be precontemplators for nine health behaviors. Children from the lowest socioeconomic status and disrupted family were more likely to be in precontemplation for weight management and exercise behaviors. Children living with both parents were more likely to be in the action and maintenance stages for nine health behaviors. Stages of change for balanced diet and smoking were significantly related with those for other eight health behaviors. And the stage of exercise adoption was found to be significantly related with those for other seven health behaviors. Conclusion: Safety education must receive high priority in health education program for low income children. Balanced diet smoking cessation and regular exercise could be a possible gateway behavior toward healthier lifestyle practices.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.164-176
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was done to identify the factors of decisional balance for smoking cessation among middle aged men in Korea. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when middle aged men decide to stop smoking. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for smoking cessation to which the middle aged men belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influenced the stages of change for smoking cessation in middle aged men. Methods : A convenience sample of 169 men who had smoked and were smoking, were between age 30 and 60 and lived in Seoul(mean age=44), were selected from the community. The data was collected from December 10, 1999 to February 28, 2000. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985). and Stage of Change Measure(DiClemente et al., 1991). The data were analyzed using the SAS Program. Results : 1. According to stage of change measure, the 169 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for smoking cessation: in the pre-contemplation stage 63 subjects(32.7%), contemplation stage 60 subjects (35.5%), preparation stage 17 subjects(10.1%), and maintenance stage 29 subjects(17.2%). 2. Factor analysis identified 4 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for smoking cessation of middle aged men. There were named by the researchers; 1)'Perceived Burden to Self', 2)'Perceived Benefit to Others' 3)'Perceived Approval to Others', and 4)'Perceived Disapproval to Self'. 3. Analysis of variance showed that the three components, 1)'Perceived Burden to Self(F=8.50, P=.0001)', 2)'Perceived Benefit to Others(F=3.19, P=.025)' and 3)'Perceived DisApproval to Self(F=2.87, P=.038)were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that 'Perceived Burden to self' was the most influential variable in discriminating the four stages of change(pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion : The results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behavior. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for smoking cessation intervention for the middle aged men.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate factors related to the recogniton and behavioral intention for smoking cessation programs. Five effective smoking cessation programs were considered： acupuncture, nicotine patch, clinic program, mass education, and alliance programs. To explain the health behavior for smoking and smoking cessation programs, a five-stage behavioral intention model was built, and 500 questionnaires were completed through a telephone survey. Stages of the model included recogniton of the programs, past experiences, present smoking status, intention for smoking, and behavioral intention for smoking cessation programs. The results showed that the recogniton rate of the programs were low in general, therefore strategies of education, public relations, and advertisement need to be pursued. Nicotine dependency resulted in the fact that success rates were low although trial rates of smoking cessation were high among smokers. The necessity for smoking cessation programs was suggested. And the significant factors related to the intention for smoking cessation were individual attitude and reluctancy to pay time and money. Others' attitude was insignificant to subjects' smoking cessation. Purchase rates for nicotine patches were 11.3％ for male and 27.3％ for female, those for acupunture were 7.6％ for male and 10.0％ for female. There were very low purchase rates for clinic, mass education, and alliance programs. In conclusion, evidence-based and effective smoking cessation programs need to be promoted by medical doctors. Strategies in education, public relations, and advertisement also need development. In addition, continuing legal and systematic support for smoking cessation would lower the smoking rate and ultimately contribute to the nation's health.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2003

Although it has been well known that smokimg is one of the major cause of various disease and conditions, the smoking rate is still very high in Korea. A variety of smoking cessation program are provided by public organization and also by healthcare institutions. In this social enviroment, the smoker's intension and trial rates for smokimg cessation increasing, but it is also true that the succes rate is low about 30%. Therefore this study was conducted to suggest the strategies for providing the effective smoking cessation programs by exploring the factors related to recognition and behavioral intention or programs. To explain the health behavior for smoking and smoking cessation programs, the behavioral model was constructed. The model is composed of five-stages such as recognition of the program, past exprience, present smoking status, intention for smoking, and behavioral intention for cessation programs. It is results that there were very low recognition and and purchase rates for most of smoking cessation programs. Evidenced-based and effective smoking cessation progrms need to be encouraged to smokers by medical doctors, and the strategies of eucationm public realtions, and advertisement are recommended. In addition, cotinuing legal and systematic supports for smoking cessation would lower the smoking rate and ultimately ontribute to the nation;s health promotion, Recognitionm Behavioral Intention.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1265-1278
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• 2000

This study was carried out to assess the perception of decisional balance of Korean subjects about 4 health behaviors and to identify the influencing factor of decisional balance for exercise acquisition, smoking cessation, mammography screening and Kegel's exercise acquisition. All are representative health behaviors nurses can intervene in Korea based on the Transtheoretical model. Convenient samples of 2,484 subjects (191; exercise, 169; smoking cessation, 1903; mammography screening and 221; Kegel's exercise) were selected from cities and counties over 9 provinces throughout Korea, and the data was collected from January 1, 1999 to February 29, 2000. The research instrument were the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise (Marcus & Owen., 1992), Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel Exercise (Lim, 1999) and Stage of Change Measure for Exercise (Marcus et al, 1992), Smoking Cessation (DiClemente et al., 1991), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel's Exercise (Lim, 1999). The data was analyzed by the SAS Program. The results are as follows; 1. According to the stage of change measure, 2,484 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for four health behaviors: 1,233 subjects (49.8%), 745 subjects (30.2%), 113 subjects (4.7%), 156 subjects (6.5%), and 216 (8.7%) belonged to the pre- contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. They were all series of stages of change in their efforts to do health behavior. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors (1 of Pros, 2 of Cons) for the exercise, 4 factors for smoking cessation (2 of Pros, 2 of Cons), 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for the mammogram screening and 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for Kegel's exercise of decisional balance. 3. The analysis of variance and multiple comparison analysis showed that for all 4 samples, the Cons of changing the problem behaviors outweighed the Pros for subjects who were in the pre- contemplation stage, The opposite was true for subjects in action and maintenance stage. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that one factor of Pros for exercise, one factor of Cons for smoking cessation, 1 factor of Cons for mammogram screening and one factor of Cons for Kegel's exercise were the more influencing factors, than others in discriminating the stages of change. Results are consistent with the applications of the Transtheoretical model, which have been used to understand how people change health behaviors. This results provide some evidence that subject's report of his/her health behavior corresponds to beliefs about usefulness of related health behaviors. The results of this study have implications for patients' health education and health intervention strategies. The findings of this study give useful information for nursing educators for 4 health behaviors, especially the factors relating to decision making in the different stages of change.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.279-300
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• 2021

본 연구는 금연을 실천 및 유지하는 소비자들의 정보요구와 정보탐색행태를 조사하고, 다양한 단계에서 얻은 건강 정보가 건강 행동 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 특히 이 연구에서는 소비자가 건강에 해로운 행동을 변경하는 데 도움이 되는 모바일 건강 애플리케이션(건강 앱)을 사용하는 방법과 금연 앱 사용이 건강 행위 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 이 연구는 금연 앱을 사용하는 대학생을 대상으로, 2017년 12월부터 2018년 7월까지 7개월 동안 참여자의 흡연 행동 변화를 관찰하고 대면 인터뷰를 실시했다. 실천단계의 참여자들에 따르면, 금연 기간, 건강 상태 변화, 금연으로 인한 비용 절감 등의 시각화된 정보가 금연을 독려했다. 유지 단계의 참여자들은 금연 앱이 제공하는 커뮤니티를 통해 다른 금연시도자들과 자신의 경험 및 사회적 지원을 공유함으로써 금연의 중요성과 성취를 인식하는 데 도움이 된다는 것을 강조했다. 이 연구는 행동 수정 과정에서 모바일 앱을 사용하는 건강 정보 소비자의 정보 요구 및 정보탐색행태의 유형을 식별했다는 점에서 정보 행위 분야에 이론적 함의를 제공한다. 연구 결과는 금연 시도자의 정보 요구를 반영한 금연 앱의 콘텐츠 설계에 기여할 수 있으며, 나아가 건강 행위 변화에 효과적인 정보 중재 전략을 촉진하는 건강 정보 서비스에 대한 실질적인 통찰을 제시할 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.469-479
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of public health center smoking cessation counseling program using the transtheoretical model on the process of change, smoking temptation, decisional balance and stage change transition. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. The study population was 115 adult smokers. The counseling program was administered to the experimental group and a smoking cessation program from the Korean Ministry of Health & Welfare was administered to the control group. Descriptive analysis, $\chi^2-test$, t-test, and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS 12.0 program to analyze the data. Results: After treatment with this program, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores for process of change (t=4.148, p<.001), smoking temptation (t=-2.988, p=.003), and stage change transition ($\chi^2=5.871$, p=.031) compared to the control group. Experimental group members also showed significantly lower score for Pros of smoking (t=-3.151, p=.002). Conclusion: The findings indicate that this program could have positive effect on process of change, smoking temptation, decisional balance and stage transition for adult smokers. Based on these findings, the authors suggest additional counseling program focusing on smokers in specific stages.