• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.537-550
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• 2018

The development focus of a smart city has been changed gradually from a physical development aspect to a space development aspect. In a space development aspect, the major application technologies are Environment Technology (ET), Information Technology (IT) and Environment Information Technology. On the other hand, it is unclear if the space convergence in a smart city has been changed by the 3 technologies. Therefore, specific analysis was performed on the convergence change of smart city 4 spaces (District, Street, Building, Facility) using the 3 technologies. The convergence distribution ratio according to the periods (period 1 : 1972~1999, period 2 : 2000~2009, period 3 : 2010~2017) among the spaces, ET (Environment Technology), IT (Information Technology), ET+IT (Environment Information Technology) in a smart city were examined. The smart city was high in the order of 'District (53/43%) - Building (36/29.1%) - Street (22/17.9%) - Facility (12/10.0%)' in the number of applications and ratio of convergence (Technology Convergence) at Period 1 (1972~1999). The smart city was high in the order of 'District (223/32.4%) - Building (197/28.6%) - Street (195/28.3%) - Facility (74/14.8%)' in the number of applications and ratio of convergence (Technology Convergence) at Period 2 (2000~2009). At period 3, the District (467/33%) was also the highest. On the other hand, the street (384/27.4%) was higher than the building (361/25.8%) and facility (188/13.4%) in smart city space. Fourth, the smart city was high in the order of 'District - Building - Street - Facility' in the number of applications and ratio of convergence (Technology Convergence) at Periods 1 (1972~1999) and 2 (2000~2009). In contrast, the average of number was high in the order of 'Building - Street - District - Facility'. At period 3(2010~2017), the number of applications and the ratio of convergence was high 'District - Street - Building - Facility'; the average of number was the same as in period 1 and 2. As a result, smart city space has been changed by the development of macroscopic urban spaces in the initial stage. Since then, district space-centric development and building space are confused with devices/technologies and changed for citizen inflow. The building space has evolved continually and smart city space will be expected to revitalize the street space connecting completed buildings.

• Carbon letters
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• v.22
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Porous materials play a vital role in science and technology. The ability to control their pore structures at the atomic, molecular, and nanometer scales enable interactions with atoms, ions and molecules to occur throughout the bulk of the material, for practical applications. Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene aerogels/hydrogels, sponges and foams) made of graphene or graphene oxide-based networks have attracted considerable attention because they offer low density, high porosity, large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity and stable mechanical properties. Water pollution and associated environmental issues have become a hot topic in recent years. Rapid industrialization has led to a massive increase in the amount of wastewater that industries discharge into the environment. Water pollution is caused by oil spills, heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds released by industry, as well as via unpredictable accidents. In addition, water pollution is also caused by radionuclides released by nuclear disasters or leakage. This review presents an overview of the state-of-the-art synthesis methodologies of 3D porous graphene materials and highlights their synthesis for environmental applications. The various synthetic methods used to prepare these 3D materials are discussed, particularly template-free self-assembly methods, and template-directed methods. Some key results are summarized, where 3D graphene materials have been used for the adsorption of dyes, heavy metals, and radioactive materials from polluted environments.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2017

Recently, IoT applications are being deployed in Smart TVs, and these IoT applications are using smart TVs as application platforms rather than broadcast platforms. With the advent of Hybrid broadcast technologies, now it becomes available to develop IoT applications which are coupled to the broadcast information. However, the existing IoT services are not suitable for Hybrid broadcast application since they are built on cloud and require various protocol implementations. In this paper, a Fog Computing-based architecture for hybrid broadcast application is proposed. Instead of accessing IoT services from hybrid broadcast app directly, the proposed architecture places Fog Applet Server between them and distribute loads of hybrid broadcast app to the Fog Applet. The proposed architecture is implemented as a service to control IoT device with hybrid application.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.619-624
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• 2014

Nowadays there are various smart devices and development with the development of smart phones and that can be attached to the human body wearable computing device has been in the spotlight. In this paper, we proceeded developing wearable devices in watch type which can detect user's movement and developing a system which connects the wearable devices to smart TVs, or smart phones so that users can save and manage their physical information in those devices. Health care wearable devices already existing save information by connecting their systems to smart phones. And, smart TV health applications usually include motion detecting systems using cameras. However, there is a limit when connecting smart phone systems to different devices from various companies. Also, in case of smart TV, because some devices may not have cameras, there can be a limit for users who wants to connect their devices to smart TVs. Wearable device and user information collected by using the smart phone and when it is possible to exercise and manage anywhere. This information can also be confirmed by the smart TV applications. By using this system will be able to take advantage of the study of the behavior of the future work of the user more accurately be measured in recognition technology and other devices.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2012

The spread of smartphones, many educational applications have been developed. However, the existing educational applications, learning the simple and uniform, due to the way the needs of learners are given feedback after learning did not reflect the present problem is how. In this paper vocabulary learning applications to implement the existing application using the learners' needs, survey analysis, and analysis results to reflect the learner's motivation to continue the learners to self-built learning objectives according to the stages of learning tailored to the training schedule set up and made a systematic feedback learning vocabulary was designed and implemented applications.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2014

This study is aim to investigate and propose ways to improve real condition of the accessibility compliance that is required to use mobile applications for special education student with a disabilities. Especially, expert examined some mobile applications with 12 items out of 15 mobile application accessibility guidelines from Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning which is helpful for people with physical disabilities such as difficulty in seeing, hearing, and upper limb. Based on the results of expert evaluation, we analyzed the problem for mobile applications without accessibility compliance and presents improvement plans for people with disabilities to use mobile applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.51-54
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• 2005

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) find many applications in smart composite structural systems as the active components. Their ability to provide a high force and large displacement makes them an excellent candidate for an actuator for controlling the shape of smart structures. In this paper, using a macroscopic model that captures the thermo-mechanical behaviors and the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) of SMAs smart morphing polymeric composite shell structures like shape-changeable UAV wings is demonstrated and analyzed numerically and experimentally when subjected to various kinds of pressure loads. The controllable shapes of the morphing shells to that thin SMA strip actuator are attached are investigated depending on various phase transformation temperatures. SMA strips start to transform from the martensitic into the austenitic state upon actuation through resistive heating, simultaneously recover the prestrain, and thus cause the shell structures to deform three dimensionally. The behaviors of composite shells attached with SMA strip actuators are analyzed using the finite element methods and 3-D constitutive equations of SMAs. Several morphing composite shell structures are fabricated and their experimental shape changes depending on temperatures are compared to the numerical results. That two results show good correlations indicates the finite element analysis and 3-D constitutive equations are accurate enough to utilize them for the design of smart composite shell structures for various applications.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.2894-2909
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• 2015

As the number of mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets explodes, the need for new services or applications is also rapidly increasing. Smart class application is one of the emerging applications, in which most of contents are distributed to all members of a class simultaneously. It is highly required to select relay nodes to cover shadow area of radio as well as extend coverage, but existing algorithms in a smart class environment suffer from high control packet overhead and delay for exchanging topology information among all pairs of nodes to select relay nodes. In addition, the relay selection procedure should be repeated in order to adapt to the dynamic topology changes caused by link status changes or device's movement. This paper proposes the learning based relay selection algorithm to overcome aforementioned problems. The key idea is that every node keeps track of its relay quality in a fully distributed manner, where RQI (Relay Quality Indicator) is newly defined to measure both the ability of receiving packets from content source and the ability of successfully relaying them to successors. The RQI of each node is updated whenever it receives or relays broadcast packet, and the node having the higher RQI is selected as a relay node in a distributed and run-time manner. Thus, the proposed algorithm not only removes the overhead for obtaining prior knowledge to select relay nodes, but also provides the adaptability to the dynamic topology changes. The network simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm provides efficient and reliable content distribution to all members in a smart class as well adaptability against network dynamics.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.221-239
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• 2011

Various applications are developed with the extension of the smart phone market. This affects the change of contents and market for mobile advertisement. Mobile advertisement has been changed from the text type in feature phone environment to banner type which are added on the applications and branded app which are application itself for commercials. This research shows the difference in views between users and professions for the factors which affects the acceptance of mobile advertisement in smart phone environment. The analysis results present two groups have significant differences in the views for the users' acceptances of mobile advertisement. This research provides the important factors which need to be considers in creating mobile commercials. It also suggests that professions in advertisement field have to consider the aspects of smart phone users when they create advertisements in smart phone environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.452-453
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• 2013