• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to identify expertise in ait traffic control by using cognitive skill analysis for novices and experts in routine and non-routine situations. The result of study was to understand expertise in air traffic control tasks in terms of what cognitive processes are responsible for the expert's high performance levels. The problem solving task was difficult for novices, but performed relatively automatically by experts in a routine situation. The difficulty could indicate the presence of controlled processing. Rather than rules and strategies, novices focused more on environmental factors, which merely increase cognitive load. In a non-routine situation, novices showed that they did not categorize the information consistently and alternative resources were not available for them. Experts, however, performed automatically a task by arranging and organizing information related to problem solving components in contexts without regard to a routine and non-routine situation. Especially experts developed a stable representation and directed alternative resources for air traffic flow and efficiency. Based on the results, cognitive processes of experts could be useful to understand expert performance and analyze the learning process, which imply the necessity of developing expertise systematically.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2018

Purpose: In this study, effects of positive, negative, and mixed verbal feedback were examined for accuracy of self-assessment, emotional responses, self-efficacy, and perceived quality of feedback in skill performance assessment. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of 104 second-year nursing students who had completed their fundamentals of nursing class. Participants were assigned randomly to a positive, a negative or a mixed feedback group. All participants completed the performance measure and then received the assigned the type of feedback from an evaluator. After delivery of feedback, they assessed their own performance using the same sheet as the evaluator and completed the survey for emotional response, self-efficacy for learning, and quality of feedback. Results: There were no significant differences in accuracy of self-assessment and perceived quality of feedback among the three groups ($x^2=4.74$, p=.094; $x^2=3.30$, p=.192, respectively). The negative feedback group had significantly lower self-efficacy and positive emotions and more negative emotions than the other two groups (F=9.43, p=.009; $x^2=16.29$, p<.001; $x^2=5.69$, p=.005, respectively). Conclusion: Negative feedback can affect emotions and motivations for learning in nursing students and may interfere with the effectiveness of feedback, so instructors should pay more attention when providing negative feedback. Mixed feedback with an effect similar to positive feedback could be an alternative.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2014

이 연구는 종합병원들이 마케팅 컨셉트를 적극적으로 도입하고 있는 상황에서 그 구성개념인 전략 지향성이 성과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지, 또한 종합병원의 조직구조와 규모가 독립변수와 종속변수 사이에서 어떻게 조절효과를 보이는지를 분석했다. 전략 지향성과 성과 관련 선행연구들을 살펴보았으며, 전략 지향성 개념을 고객, 경쟁, 진료기술 지향성 등의 세 차원으로 세분화하고 이들이 각각 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하고자 했다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 5개의 연구가설을 설정하였으며, 20313년 7월 1일부터 8월 13일까지 5개 종합병원에 근무하는 176명의 직원들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시했다. 실증분석 결과 전략 지향성을 구성하는 세 차원 모두가 종합병원의 경영성과에 유의하게 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 종합병원의 조직구조와 규모의 조절효과 분석에 있어서는 부분적으로 지지되는 것으로 조사되었다. 종합병원의 조직구조 및 규모 변수 모두 경쟁 지향성에 대한 조절효과는 유의하게 도출되었으나 고객 지향성과 진료기술 지향성에 대한 조절효과는 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2019

최근 에너지 인터넷에서 지능형 원격검침 인프라를 이용하여 확보된 대량의 전력사용데이터를 기반으로 효과적인 전력수요 예측을 위해 다양한 기계학습기법에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전력량 데이터와 같은 시계열 데이터에 대해 효율적으로 패턴인식을 수행하는 인공지능 네트워크인 Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)을 기반으로 딥 러닝 모델을 제안하고, 실제 가정의 전력사용량 데이터를 토대로 예측 성능을 분석한다. 제안한 학습 모델의 예측 성능과 기존의 Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) 인공지능 네트워크 기반의 전력량 예측 성능을 비교하며, 성능평가 지표로써 Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Forecast Skill Score, Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Normalized Mean Bias Error (NMBE)를 이용한다. 실험 결과에서 GRU기반의 제안한 시계열 데이터 예측 모델의 전력량 수요 예측 성능이 개선되는 것을 확인한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the practice of performance assessment in elementary mathematics classes especially focused on 4th grade. To achieve this, three research questions were posed as follow: First, What do they prepare for performance assessment? Second, What kinds of tests do they use in mathematics performance assessment? Third, What kinds of difficulties do they have for performance assessment and what should be changed for a successful performance assessment in mathematics? To Answer the research questions, three 4th grade classes were selected from three different elementary schools in seoul and three teachers were interviewed. From the data analysis, several conclusion were drawn. First, a plan for mathematics performance assessment was not set by the class teacher who are in charge of the class. The main reason was lack of time. Second, in most of the assessment, written tests were used and the items in the tests were skill-oriented. Third, teachers thought that performance assessment was needed in mathematics. But lack of their time, knowledge and competency, it is difficult to do performance assessment in mathematics.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2002

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the job characteristics of container terminal workers by applying the Job Strain model, and to assess the relationship among the general characteristics, job characteristics and psychosocial distress. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire survey was performed to the container terminal workers in Pusan. Among the 200 male workers who answered the questionnaires, white-collar workers and blue-collar workers were 100, respectively. Karaseks Job Content Questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the job characteristics and Psychosocial well-being index (PWI) was applied to measure the extent of their psychosocial stress. Results: In white-collar workers, the skill discretion, created skill, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, psychological job demand, and supervisor support of the job characteristics were significantly high, while in blue-collar workers physical exertion was significantly high. The result of Psychosocial well-being index (PWI) reveals that blue-collar workers were more stressed than white-collar workers, especially, the indices of depression (factor 2), sleeping disturbance and anxiety (factor 3), General well-being and vitality (factor 4) were significantly increased; whereas, in white-collar workers, only the index of social performance and self-confidence (factor 1) was significantly increased. And PWI scores were significantly increased in the lower social support and psychological job demand. By the multiple logistic regression analysis for PWI, blue-collar workers had increased odds ratio of 2.66(95% CI;1.11-6.41) compared with white-collar workers. The unmarried workers increased odds ratio of 3.54(95% CI;1.18-10.62) compared with married workers. And workers who have not own house increased odds ratio of 2.35(95% CI;1.15-4.79) compared with workers who have own house. Particularly, odds ratio of work-shift in blue-collar workers was 11.10(2.14-57.64). Conclusion: Skill discretion, created skill, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, psychological job demand, and supervisor support were increased in white-collar workers. Decreased skill discretion and increased physical exertion were found in blue-collar workers, which is supported the Job Strain model. Job stress of blue-collar workers was comparatively higher than that of white-collar workers, especially, skill discretion, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, job insecurity, physical exertion were noticeable factors. Especially, sleeping, smoking, and work shifting turned out to be a main cause that increases stress. Therefore, in order to decrease the job stress, a health promotion program to change the health behaviors should be activated and an organized job stress management program should be introduced. Especially, working condition for blue-collar such as physical exertion and work-shift should be improved.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집 - 한국공작기계학회
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• pp.8-13
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• 2000

Die polishing technology is very critical to determine quality and performance of the final products. Die polishing processes have not been automated because the automation requires a great deal of experience and skill of experts. Thus, to implement a fully automated polishing process, the development of polishing status monitoring system replacing the skill of experts is critical. AE is known to be closely related to material removal rate(MRR). As the surface is rougher, MRR gets larger and AE increased. The surface roughness can be indirectly estimated using the AE signal measured during automatic die polishing process. In this study, The polishing state monitoring system using AEms signal was developed. This system can be not only to monitor the abnormal state but also to estimate a state of surface roughness of polishing surface qualitatively.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.185-207
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• 1996

It is frequently pointed out that the Korean economy, with its scarce natural resources, would never have been able to achieve current levels of economic development without the massive provision of well-educated, hardworking human resources. Throughout the industrialization process ,full-fledged deployment and mobilization of qualified human resources have been the foundation to industrial policy and S&T policy. This paper describes the development of S&T human resources in Korea using various statistics including educational enrollment rates, unemployment rates, the allocation of researchers and R&D expenditures among sectors of performance, educational composition of employment within and across industries, technical human resource shortage rates, relative wage levels of SMEs, and composition of labor force by age-group and gender. While analyzing S&T human resources development, this paper discusses issues such as the mismatched demand and supply of skill and knowledge levels of the highly educated, the unbalanced distribution of S&T human resources between sectors, and the low utilization of the female and aged labor force. This paper suggests that the policy maker applies a hybrid of quantitative and qualitative policies to reduce the mismatches of supply and demand of skill and knowledge levels for each labor market categorized according to supply side.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1425-1428
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• 2004

Internal traffic system becomes fast with high-speed railway. Therefore, skill development for speed elevation is consisting in general railroad. New skill that is car report lake system is examined in railroad signal field. Therefore, examined establishment way and problem of car report lake system equipment. Examine equipment performance and studied method of most suitable that use.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2001

Developing mathematical thinking skills is one of the most important goals of school mathematics. In particular, recent performance based on assessment has focused on the teaching and learning environment in school, emphasizing student's self construction of their learning and its process. Because of this reason, people related to mathematics education including math teachers are taught to recognize the fact that the degree of students'acquisition of mathematical thinking skills and strategies(for example, inductive and deductive thinking, critical thinking, creative thinking) should be estimated formally in math class. However, due to the lack of an evaluation tool for estimating the degree of their thinking skills, efforts at evaluating student's degree of mathematics thinking skills and strategy acquisition failed. Therefore, in this paper, mathematical thinking was studied, and using the results of study as the fundamental basis, mathematical thinking process model was developed according to three types of mathematical thinking - fundamental thinking skill, developing thinking skill, and advanced thinking strategies. Finally, based on the model, evaluation factors related to essential thinking skills such as analogy, deductive thinking, generalization, creative thinking requested in the situation of solving mathematical problems were developed.