• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2011

Understanding the structural stability of carbon nanostructure under heat treatment is critical for tailoring the thermal properties of carbon-based material at small length scales. We investigate the heat resistance of the single carbon nanoball ($C_{60}$) and carbon nanoonions ($C_{20}@C_{80}$, $C_{20}@C_{80}@C_{180}$, $C_{20}@C_{80}@C_{180}C_{320}$) by performing molecular dynamics simulations. An empirical many-body potential function, Tersoff potential, for carbon is employed to calculate the interaction force among carbon atoms. Simulation results shows that carbon nanoonions are less resistive against heat treatment than single carbon nanoballs. Single carbon nanoballs such $C_{60}$ can resist heat treatment up to 5600 K, however, carbon nanoonions break down after 5100 K. This intriguing result offers insights into understanding the thermal-mechanical coupling phenomena of nanodevices and the complex process of fullerenes' formation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.46-56
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the single-dose toxicity of Samgihwalryeok pharmacopuncture. Methods: Forty six-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups of 10 rats each; each group was then sub-divided into two smaller groups, one of five males and the other of five females. Group 1 (G1, control) received 1.0 mL of normal saline solution, while group 2 (G2, low-dose group), group 3 (G3, mid-does group, and group 4 (G4, high-dose group) received 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of Samgihwalryeok pharmacopuncture, respectively. Results: No mortalities or clinical signs were observed in the four groups. Also, no significant changes in body weights were observed among the group, and no significant differences in hematology/biochemistry, necropsy, or histopathology results were noted. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with Samgihwalryeok pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.220-224
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• 2003

This is a preliminary study is to make the robot walk more stably by observing the ZMP (Zero Moment Point) of the robot when the robot stands on one leg(single support) and then on two legs(double support) and so on. The robot consists of nine DOF (Degree of freedom) with lower part of the body. It is equipped with motor drivers and force sensors inside the robot. The motors are controlled by the external PC (Intel pentium 4). By the experimental results, it is found that the robot is unstable in the instant of changing from single support to double support or from double support to single support. We use the trajectory compensation of the angle and the length of both legs to realize more stable walking.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2005

The single dose toxicity of 3-methoxy-6-allylthiopyridazine (K-6) was studied with Sprague-Dawley rats. K-6 was administered orally with dosages of 4.0, 3.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 g/kg to the rats. We observed daily the number of death, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings. All rats (6) were dead within a day after administration when doses of 4.0and 3.0 g/kg were administered. When dose of 2.0 g/kg was administered, 2 rats among 3 rats were dead. Any significant toxicity below 1.5g/kg of K6 was not observed when the different doses of 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 g/kg were administered to 6 rats respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.78-81
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• 2014

The single oral administration of red ginseng oil (5000 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats induced no changes in behavioral patterns, clinical signs, and body weight, and hepatotoxicity parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase for 14 d. Therefore, these results suggest that the red ginseng oil is safe and nontoxic acutely.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

A fuzzy control strategy is described which is utilized to control the joint angle and tip deflection in single flexible manipulator. In this paper, an existing model for a single flexible manipulator is used for the initial development of an FLC. One FLC is designed to govern the joint angle of the manipulator as it is rotated from one position to another, and the second FLC is designed to attenuate the tip deflection which result from joint angle body motion. Reference Trajectory Command is an important method to reduce vibration in flexible beam. This paper presents a very simple command control shaping which eliminates multiple mode residual vibration in a flexible beam combined parallel fuzzy controller. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is demonstrated through computer simulation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.140-142
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate an single dose oral toxicity of a new hepatotherapeutic agent GODEX (HEPADIF-S) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male and female rats were administered dosages of 5, 2.5, 1.25 ,0.625, 0.3125, and 0 g/kg B.W. of GODEX, respectively. After single oral administration of GODEX to rats, we observed them daily for 2 weeks. GODEX slid not induce any toxic signs in the mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, and gross necropsy findings of rats. Based on these results, it is concluded that GODEX may have no side effect and its LD$_{50}$ value may be over 5 g/kg B.W, in rats.s.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2018

The fruiting body pattern is an important agronomic trait of the edible fungus Auricularia auricula-judae, and an important breeding target. There are two types of fruiting body pattern: the cluster type and the chrysanthemum type. We identified the fruiting body pattern of 26 test strains, and then constructed two different near-isogenic pools. Then, we developed sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) molecular markers associated with the fruiting body pattern based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Ten different bands (189-522 bp) were amplified using 153 pairs of SRAP primers. The SCAR marker "SCL-18" consisted of a single 522-bp band amplified from the cluster-type strains, but not the chrysanthemum strains. This SCAR marker was closely associated with the cluster-type fruiting body trait of A. auricula-judae. These results lay the foundation for further research to locate and clone genes controlling the fruiting body pattern of A. auricula-judae.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the temperature-based differences of cortical bone ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) biomarkers between body and room temperatures. Investigations of ex vivo UTE-MRI techniques were performed mostly at room temperature however, it is noted that the MRI properties of cortical bone may differ in vivo due to the higher temperature which exists as a condition in the live body. Materials and Methods: Cortical bone specimens from fourteen donors ($63{\pm}21$ years old, 6 females and 8 males) were scanned on a 3T clinical scanner at body and room temperatures to perform T1, $T2^*$, inversion recovery UTE (IR-UTE) $T2^*$ measurements, and two-pool magnetization transfer (MT) modeling. Results: Single-component $T2^*$, $IR-T2^*$, short and long component $T2^*s$ from bi-component analysis, and T1 showed significantly higher values while the noted macromolecular fraction (MMF) from MT modeling showed significantly lower values at body temperature, as compared with room temperature. However, it is noted that the short component fraction (Frac1) showed higher values at body temperature. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for careful consideration of the temperature effects on MRI measurements, before extending a conclusion from ex vivo studies on cortical bone specimens to clinical in vivo studies. It is noted that the increased relaxation times at higher temperature was most likely due to an increased molecular motion. The T1 increase for the studied human bone specimens was noted as being significantly higher than the previously reported values for bovine cortical bone. The prevailing discipline notes that the increased relaxation times of the bound water likely resulted in a lower signal loss during data acquisition, which led to the incidence of a higher Frac1 at body temperature.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2020

Background: This study aimed to assess the toxicity of capsaicin (CP) pharmacopunture in an animal model. Methods: The toxicity of a single-muscular dose of CP (45.45 mg/mL) was evaluated in 6-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 20 rats were assigned to 2 groups which were sex and weight matched. All rats acclimatized for 1 week before receiving 1.0 mL of CP (45.45 mg/mL) or normal saline solution (control) intramuscularly. The general condition and mortality of the animals were observed. The rats were sacrificed 2 weeks after CP was administered and histopathology was performed. Results: No abnormal symptoms or deaths were observed, and there was no difference in body weights between the CP and control groups throughout the study. No significant differences in histopathology were observed between the groups. Conclusion: No toxicological changes related to the administration of CP were observed. This study indicated that the safe dose of CP in Sprague-Dawley rats was 1.0 mL of CP (45.45 mg/mL) or less. Further studies are needed to confirm the safety of CP in the human body.