• 에너지공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2012

본 연구는 고온고습 시험을 통하여 Cell 레벨에서의 표면관찰 및 효율저하를 분석하였다. 고온고습 시험조건은 KS C IEC-61215에서 제시한 PV 모듈하의 조건을 이용하여 온도 $85^{\circ}C$, 습도 85%, 1000hr 동안 수행하였다. EL(Electroluminescence)촬영을 통하여 Cell 표면의 이상 유 무를 분석한 결과, 시간이 경과함에 따라, 부분적으로 표면이 손상되어 변색되는 것을 확인하였다. 고온고습 시험 전 단결정 Cell 및 다결정 Cell의 효율은 각각 17.7%, 15.5%였으며, 1000hr 수행 후 15.6%, 14.0%로 각각 11.9%와 9.3%의 감소율을 보였다. 또한, 경년 시 나타나는 전기적 특성을 분석하기 위하여 FF(Fill Factor)값을 분석한 결과, 고온고습 시험 후 단결정 Cell은 78.7%에서 75.0%로 4.7%, 다결정 Cell은 78.1%에서 76.7%로 1.8%의 감소율을 보였다. 태양전지 실리콘의 원자배열 및 순도에 따라 효율 변화에 영향을 받아 단결정 Cell이 다결정 Cell보다 효율저하가 크게 나타났다고 판단된다. 또한, FF감소율보다 효율 감소율이 크게 저하된 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 Cell의 외부환경적 요인에 의한 표면 손상이 p-n접합층 접촉저항과 경년 시 나타나는 FF 감소율보다 크게 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2014

In this paper, PV modules using a low-temperature conductive film(LT-CF) as a bonding material between a cell and a solder free ribbon were produced and chracterized, which is more environmental-friendly, cost effective and high efficient. Mainly, filed electrical performance of PV modules using three different types of bonding material; a convetional solder ribbon(SR), a LT-CF and a light-capturing Ribbon(LCR) were compared to comfirm the feasibility of LT-CF as a bonding material. The filed test were conducted for 3 months and results were discussed in terms of amount of output energy production and efficiency.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

In this study, we analyzed the correlation between mechanical and electrical properties of low-temperature conductive film (LT-CF) bonded silicon solar cells by a quadrant analysis (horizontal axis (peeling strength), vertical axis (power loss)). We found that a series of points with various bonding parameters such as bonding temperature, pressure and time were distributed in the different three regimes; weak regime (Q2: weak bonding strength and high power loss), moderate regime (Q4 : strong bonding strength and low power loss) and hard regime (Q3 : weak bonding strength and low power loss). Using this analogous technique, it was possible to fabricate the LT-CF bonded silicon solar cells with the various conditions displayed in Q3 of the quadrant plots, possessing the peeling strength of ~ 1N/mm and power loss of 2~3%.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.876-884
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• 2012

The worldwide CPV(Concentrated Photo Voltaic) market has been increased rapidly due to the increase in large-scale PV(Photo Voltaic) plants which are situated in sun-rich areas with either a Mediterranean or equatorial-type climate. CPV systems are arguably some of the most important devices in the production of electricity within regions with a sun-rich climate, particularly those which benefit from abundant direct solar irradiation. We have developed a 500X CPV module with rated power of 170Wp. The CPV module must satisfy the constraint of having a sensitive tracking accuracy due to the limited tolerance of the acceptance angle in intrinsic optical design. In this study, the module's acceptance angle used was designed with a tolerance angle of ${\pm}1^{\circ}$ in the secondary optics design. In general, non-concentrated module type 2-axis trackers have a tolerance angle larger than ${\pm}1^{\circ}$ due to standard silicon-type modules which are insensitive to the tracking accuracy of the sun. They have a tolerance angle of ${\pm}2{\sim}4^{\circ}$, which fails to exert a significant influence on the performance of the module. This paper provides a study of an experimental variation of the efficiency of the CPV module in terms of its tracking accuracy. Also, the performance of the module is studied from the perspective of temperature and direct irradiation.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

Recently, aspheric glass lens molding core is fabricated with tungsten carbide(WC). If molding core is fabricated with silicon carbide(SiC), SiC coating process, which must be carried out before the Diamond-Like Carbon(DLC) coating can be eliminated and thus, manufacturing time and cost can be reduced. Diamond Like Carbon(DLC) is being researched in various fields because of its high hardness, high elasticity, high durability, and chemical stability and is used extensively in several industrial fields. Especially, the DLC coating of the molding core surface used in the fabrication of a glass lens is an important technical field, which affects the improvement of the demolding performance between the lens and molding core during the molding process and the molding core lifetime. Because SiC is a material of high hardness and high brittleness, it can crack or chip during grinding. It is, however, widely used in many fields because of its superior mechanical properties. In this paper, the grinding condition for silicon carbide(SiC) was developed under the grinding condition of tungsten carbide. A silicon carbide molding core was fabricated under this grinding condition. The measurement results of the SiC molding core were as follows: PV of 0.155 ${\mu}m$(apheric surface) and 0.094 ${\mu}m$(plane surface), Ra of 5.3 nm(aspheric surface) and 5.5 nm(plane surface).

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

One of the most effective methods for utilizing solar energy is to combine thermal solar and optical energy simultaneously using a hybrid panel. Many systems using various kinds of photovoltaic panels have already been constructed. But utilizing solar energy by means of a hybrid panel with concentrator has not been to be attempted yet. Normally if sunlight is directed on the solar cell, and there is no increase in temperature, the absorption energy of each cell will increase per unit area. In a silicon solar cell. however, cell conversion efficiency decreases according to the increasing temperature. Therefore, to maintain cell conversion efficiency under normal condition, it is necessary to keep the cell at operating temperature. we design and make new hybrid panel with cooling system to prevent increasing of temperature on cell, collect effectively thermal energy. We compared performance of new hybrid panel with PV module and thermal panel. We also evaluated conversion efficiency, electric power and thermal capacity and confirmed cooling effect from thermal absorption efficiency.

• 에너지공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 태양전지의 Ribbon 두께(A-type:0.2mm, B-type:0.25mm)에 따라 3가지 온도조건 ($-40{\sim}65^{\circ}C$, $-40{\sim}85^{\circ}C$, $-40{\sim}105^{\circ}C$)으로 열충격 시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, A, B type 별 초기 평균효율은 15.2%로 같았다. 하지만, 열충격 시험(600 Cycle) 후 Condition 1에서 A-type 7.5%, B-type 7.7%, Condition 2에서는 8.6%, 13.2%를 나타내었다. Condition 3에서는 각각 11.6%, 19.9%의 감소율을 나타내었다. 열충격 시험 후 A-type보다 Ribbon두께가 두꺼운 B-type의 효율이 크게 감소하였다. 이는 A, B type 모두 이종재료 접합부의 금속간화합물(IMC)층이 형성되어 전기적 저항이 증대된 것으로 판단된다. 또한, B-type의 I-V 특성 곡선 및 EL을 분석한 결과, p-n층이 파괴되고, 병렬저항이 감소하여, 장기적 신뢰성에서 A-type 보다 더 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 태양전지 Ribbon 형상에 따른 장기 신뢰성 특성에 대해 수치해석 및 시뮬레이션 분석이 수반되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2010

It is well-known that Boron-doped Cz Si solar cells suffer light-induced degradation due to boron-oxygen defect which is responsible of a reduction in lifetime and hence efficiency. In this paper, we assume that PV solar cell has been connected with variable load to account the real operating condition and it shows different light-induced degradation of Si solar cell. To evaluate the effect of light-induced degradation for solar cell with various load, Single crystalline solar cells are connected with open and short circuits during light exposure. Isc-Voc curve evaluate light induced degradation of solar cells and the reason is explained as a change for serial resistance. From the results, Electrical characteristics of solar cells show better performance under short circuit conditions, after light exposure.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 실리콘 태양전지의 Ribbon 접합부에 대한 장기 신뢰성 평가를 위해 Ribbon 두께와 솔더 조성을 달리하여 (A-type:0.2mm/SnPb, B-type:0.25mm/SnPb, C-type:0.2/SnA gPb, D-type:0.25mm/SnAgPb) 열충격 시험을 수행하였다. 열충격 시험 조건은 $-40^{\circ}C$에서 $85^{\circ}C$로 각각 15분씩 30분을 1 cycle로 하여 600 cycle을 수행하였다. 그 결과 초기효율은 A-type이 15.0%, B-type이 15.4% 및 C, D-type이 15.8%를 나타냈으며, 열충격 시험 후 초기효율 대비 효율감소율은 A-Type이 13.8%, B- Type이 15.4%, C-Type이 15.3% 및 D-Type이 16.2%을 나타냈다. I-V 특성곡선 및 표면변화를 비교한 결과, 표면의 변화는 큰 차이가 없었으나, A, C-Type의 시편에서는 직렬저항이 증가하였고, C-Type의 I-V 특성곡선 Current 저하 시작점이 A-Type보다 0.05(V)빠르게 나타났다. B, D-Type에서는 직렬저항 증가 및 병렬저항 감소의 복합적인 효율 저하 특성이 나타났으며, Cell 손상도 확인할 수 있었다. SnAgPb계열 솔더를 사용한 시편이 초기 접합성 및 효율 측면에서 우수하였으나, 장기신뢰성에서 취약하였으며, Ribbon 두께가 두꺼울수록 장기신뢰성이 저하되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.