• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.249-256
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• 2020

This study was to identify differences in mortality risk by living arrangements among older adults. We analyzed data from 3,827 older adults who took part in the 2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for data analysis. The significant factors associated with mortality risk in living with others were male, education level, self-rated health, limitation of instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. The significant factors associated with mortality risk in living alone were regular exercise, limitation of instrumental activities of daily living, and cognitive dysfunction. This study is significant in that it examined whether there are differences between mortality risk by living arrangements. According to the results of this study, nursing intervention should be developed to decrease mortality by living arrangements.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the rate and duration of breastfeeding. Methods: We analyzed the data from the year 2000 Korea National Fertility Survey that was collected through direct interviews. In particular, the mothers who delivered their last child and the child was under 1 year of age from January 1998 to June 2000 (N=1,066) were analyzed via a logistic model to assess the factors affecting the breastfeeding rate. Among the study subjects, those who had initiated breastfeeding (N=740) were analyzed through Cox's proportional hazard model to evaluate the factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding. Results: The multivariate logistic model showed that the delivery type and the baby's birth-weight have a statistically significant influence on the breastfeeding rate. Women who delivered their babies through Cesarean section were less likely than others to breastfeed. In contrast, the women whose babies weighed 2.5Kg or more were more likely than others to breastfeed. The results obtained from the survival analysis are as follows: the higher the mother's education level, the shorter is the breastfeeding duration. The mother's work status played a significant role in the early termination of breastfeeding. Women aged 35 or older showed a longer breastfeeding duration than the younger age groups, whereas the maternal age was not a significant factor in affecting whether or not a mother would breastfeed. Conclusions: Reducing the cases of operative delivery (Cesarean section) and low weight births, enlightening young and highly educated women on breastfeeding and improving the environment for breastfeeding on the job are important strategies to encourage women to breastfeed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4001-4007
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• 2011

In this study, we selected ten normal women in their 20's and 4 weeks measured Exercise Intensity, Voluntary Ventilation, Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Oxygen and Calorie Consumption and Ventilation Equivalent of them during Normal Gait, Splint-equipped Gait and Crutch Gait With Splint in order to find out whether the movement limitation and the weight of orthosis could have an effect on energy consumption. Each gait was conducted at a comfortable speed, 2.74 km/h for 30 minutes equipped with splint whose average weight is 1.2 kg. In the result of the study, The Crutch Gait With Splint showed high Exercise Intensity compaired to Normal Gait and Splint-equipped Gait. In addtion, in The Voluntary Ventilation and Oxygen Consumption, The Crutch Gait showed higher figures than two the others and the difference was significant as well(p<0.05). As for The Calorie Consumption, it also showed higher figures than two the others but the difference was not statistically significant. Finally, in The Respiratory Exchange Ratio and The Ventilation Equivalent, there was no significant difference among three conditional variables.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1179-1191
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• 1999

This study was conducted to identify appetite and nutritional status of 48 cancer patients who have been irradiated over 150$\textrm{cm}^2$ on chest or pelvic area over the three-month period. The data were gathered 3 phases, Each from initiation to completion of radiotherapy through the questionnaires of anorexia, the anthropometric and biochemical measures were used such as weight, TSF, MAC, MAMC, serum albumin and hemoglobin, TLC. Using SAS program, data were analyzed by percentage, Mean$\pm$SD, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Eighty five percent(85%) of the subjects were aged from fifties to sixties. Cancers in the chest area occurred in 100% of men, 56% of the all subjects. The other 44% were pelvic cancer and 71% of the pelvic cancer occurred in women. 2. There were no significant differences in the appetite scores by all groups(characteristics). Changes of the appetite score over time were statistically significant by age, sex, cancer areas staging, treatment modality, and radiation dosage (F=4.0, p=.022; t=6.09, p=.003; t=4.90, p=.009; F=3.28, p=.042; t=5.04, p=.0084; t=4.76, p=.011). The appetite score on the 2nd phase (4 weeks after initiating radiotherapy) decreased from the 1st phase (initiating irradiation), and then increased on the 3rd phase (completing irradiation). 3. There were no significant differences in the body weight and MAMC by all characteristics, and no changes in the body weight and MAMC over time. However there were significant differences of TSF, MAC, level of hemoglobin, level of albumin, and TLC by all characteristics during the three phases. TSF of the men and the chest cancer were lower than those of the women and the pelvic cancer (t=73.20, p=.0001; t=22.91, p=.0001). And there was significant difference by cancer staging(F=3.19, p=.050). But there was no change in TSF over time. MAC of the men and the chest cancer were lower than those of the women and the pelvic cancer each(t=9.23, p=.004; t=17.85, p=.0001). But no change in MAC over time. Levels of hemoglobin had significant differences by age, sex and cancer areas; levels of hemoglobin of older than the fifties, men, and chest area were higher than those on the others(F=3.82, p=.029; t=21.75, p=.0001; t=8.71, p=.005). Levels of albumin were significant differences by sex and cancer areas; levels of albumin on women, and pelvic area were higher than those on the others(t=6.34, p=.015; t=15.23, p=.0003). While the levels of hemoglobin were changed over time, levels of albumin were not changed and within normal limit. TLC of the men was higher than women(t=5.05, p=.029). Changes in the level of hemoglobin over time were statistically significant according to sex, cancer areas, and radiation dosage(t=3.49, p=.035; t=3.36, p=.039; t=4.04, p=.021).

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 1999

This study was conducted to compare the practice of health promoting behaviors between hospital workers and government officers. The subjects for this study were consisted of 344 hospital workers in four university hospitals and 340 government officers in four district offices in the Kyong-in area. Data were collected by using constructed questionnaires from January to February in 1997 and analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test. ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference between hospital workers and government officers in practice of health promoting behaviors as a whole. but among five domains of the health promoting behaviors, hospital workers was significantly higher than that of government officer in the domain of health responsibility, while they were significantly lower than those of government officer in the domain of exercise & nutrition and stress management. The mean score of health promoting behavior for hospital workers and government officer were 2.40, and 2.47, respectively. The health promoting behavior in relation to the characteristics of the hospital workers varied significantly according to sex and age. The domain of self-actualization ranked highest in health promoting behaviors of hospital workers, interpersonal support came next. stress management, health responsibility and exercise & nutrition followed them. While those of government officers. the domain of self-actualization ranked highest. interpersonal support came next, stress management, exercise & nutrition and health responsibility followed them. 2. There were no significant difference between hospital workers and government officers in the health perception with mean score of 3.32 and 3.34 respectively, in the self esteem with mean score of 2.82 and 2.84 respectively, in the self-efficacy with mean score of 70.50 and 72.35 respectively. in the internal health locus of control with mean score of 2.95 and 3.03, respectively, m the chance health locus of control with mean score of 2.10 and 2.13, respectively, m the powerful others health locus of control with mean score of 2.39 and 2.46, respectively. 3. The practice of health promoting behavior of hospital workers were strongly associated with self-esteem and self-efficacy, and self-esteem was strongly correlated with self-efficacy. And the practice of health promoting behavior of government officers were strongly associated with self-esteem, powerful others health locus of control and internal health locus of control. and self-esteem was strongly correlated with self-efficacy. 4. The combination of self-esteem, powerful others health locus of control. health perception. self-efficacy. internal health locus of control. age and marital status explained $45.7\%$ of variance of likelihood to engage in health promoting behavior of hospital workers. And the combination of self-esteem. powerful others health locus of control. health perception. self-efficacy. internal health locus of control. sex and marital status explained $48.2\%$ of variance of likelihood to engage in health promoting behavior of government officers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.219-243
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• 2005

Homeless people have remained one of the most disadvantaged groups in Korea. Therefore this study aims at examining how the homeless evaluate their quality of life and which factors influence their quality of life. The subjects of this study were 185 homeless adults residing on the street, in the shelter, and in substandard housing in Daejeon Metropolitan City. With a view to collecting the data effectively, different approaches have been taken for each type of homelessness in this study. By using the Korean Version of WHOQOL-BREF(brief version of WHO quality of life measure), this study has examined the current circumstance of the homeless and identified the predictors of their quality of life. The results of this study reconfirm low quality of life of homeless people. Also the results of this study indicate that the important factors influencing their quality of life are age, receipt of public assistance, perceived health status, alcohol use, alcohol addiction, housing type, and recognition by others. Predictors of each domain of quality of life differ to some extent. Statistically significant predictors of physical health are receipt of public assistance, perceived health status, and housing type. Psychological health is significantly influenced by age, receipt of public assistance, perceived health status, housing type, and recognition by others. Significant predictors of social relations are alcohol use, housing type, and recognition by others. Environment is significantly influenced by perceived health status, housing type, and recognition by others. On the basis of the findings of this empirical analysis, some measures conducive to the improvement of quality of life of homeless people are suggested. Only a few studies have been conducted to delve into the quality of life of the displaced group in Korea. In such a context, the significance of this study lies in identifying the circumstances of the homeless as a basic work for upgrading their quality of life on the one hand, and in empirically testing the major predictors of each domain of their quality of life on the other.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of self-awareness, recognition of others, and adaptation to college life of dental hygiene students, and to identify the factors affecting college life adjustment. Methods: The effect size was calculated using the G*power 3.1.9.4 program, based on the data of 191 people who agreed to participate in the questionnaire. Independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA, Post HOC Scheffe, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to explore the difference and correlation between self-awareness, perception of others, and college life adjustment according to general characteristics. Results: A significant positive correlation was found in self-awareness (r=.301). The highest positive correlations were with social adjustment in both private (r=.340) and public self-awareness (r=.331) (p<0.01). Recognition of others (r=-.051) showed a negative correlation with college life adjustment, though it was not statistically significant. As factors for adapting to college life, private self-awareness (β=.232) and public self-awareness (β=.254) had a positive (+) effect, and internal self-awareness (β=-.205) was found to have a negative (-) effect (p<0.01) Conclusion: The self-awareness and recognition of others among dental hygiene students influence their smooth adjustment to college life. Improvement measures are recommended to enhance adaptability to college life and develop core competencies related to their major

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.219-239
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• 2022

The study investigated the relationship between subjective socioeconomic status (SES) of 508 Korean adults and their perception of justice (distributive and procedural justice for self and general others), and verified whether there is a moderating effect of age (20s versus 30s and over). A self-report survey on SES and perception of justice was conducted. Then, using the SPSS 27 and PROCESS Macro 4.0 program, a correlation analysis looking into the relationship among the study variables was performed along with the ANOVAs comparing the mean differences of study across age-groups to support the group division criteria. Next, a moderation analysis was conducted. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the participants' SES showed a positive relationship with all sub-factors of justice perception and a negative relationship with age. Second, age had a inverse relationship on distributive justice for self and general others, and procedural justice for self, but a non significant relationship on procedural justice for general others. Third, when looking into the mean differences of the research variables according to age, the 20s had different characteristics compared to the 30s and over. In comparison, there were no significant differences within the 30s and over group. Fourth, the moderating effect of age in the relationship between subjective SES and perception of justice was positively significant in the case of distributive justice for self and procedural justice for general others. In the case of distributive justice for self, the positive slope of the graph in which subjective SES predicts distributive fairness for self was steeper in the 30s and older group compared to the 20s. Regarding the procedural justice for general others, subjective SES was not a significant predictor in the 20s group. However, SES positively predicted procedural justice in the 30s and older group. This study is meaningful since it suggested age differences in subjective SES and perceptions of justice by revealing the different relationship patterns of subjective SES and perception of justice according to age.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.227-248
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• 2008

This study aims to examine the effects of art therapy on challenging behavior of schoolchildren. For this purpose, I selected one class of 4th year student of S primary school, located at Jeongeup city, Jeonlabukdo, and selected 4 study subjects through examination of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, characters, school life and K - HTP test. With regard to procedure of this study, I carried out art therapy program at the art class for 60 minutes one time a week for 4 months, a total of 17 sessions from Apr. 3, 2007 to July 24, 2007. I made this program with some modification in reference to Arts Therapy Technique (Counpia Remote Training Center, 2005), Group Art Therapy (Choi Seon Nam. Kim Gap Sook. Jeon Jong Kuk, 2007) and the Effects of Peer Group Art Activity on Sociality Skill of Offensive Children (Park Ju Yeon. Lee Byeon In, 2005). For each child, I compared and analyzed the changes in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, behavior by K-HTP (dynamic house-wood-human figure test) analysis and by school life(KSD) image analysis before and after treatment. I also carried out qualitative analysis on behavioral feature of each child for each session. This study obtained the following conclusions. First, child A showed positive change in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, K-HTP image test and school life. Since he was so active and wanted to obtain good evaluation from anyone that he frequently had quarrel with friends, spoke against others well and beaten others much but was changed and did not speak against others or beat. Second, child B showed clear difference in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, but no significant difference in K-HTP image test and school life. However, I observed substantial changes. While he could not speak frankly to others, felt empty in mind and was offensive in personal relations, he was changed, did not have quarrel with others or speak against others that much and improved his relationship with friends or teachers. Third, child C showed positive change in score of K-CBCL children juvenile behavior evaluation after art therapy program. In comparison of K-HTP image test and school life treatment before and after treatment, he still longed for mothers in mind but found rather stable after treatment. Fourth, child D showed positive chance in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale after art therapy program, but almost no changes in K-HTP image test. But he depicted good relationship and socializing with other friends in school life. While he could not carry his point due to social immaturity and felt depressed, he got more confident. This result of study showed that art therapy had positive effects on correction of schoolchildren.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of advertising expenses of fashion companies on sales from a financial viewpoint. To do so, the advertising expenses and the sales of 194 manufacturing and distribution companies in the fashion industry, as per the income statements posted by the individual companies, were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, there was a statistically significant correlation between advertising expenses and sales. The higher the advertising expenses, the higher the sales. Second, there was no statistically significant differences between companies with different sizes of sales. Third, the effects of advertising expenses on sales of fashion companies were statistically significant. The higher the increase of the ratio of advertising expenses, the higher the increase of the ratio of sales, and vice versa. This study differs from others in that it uses financial data, which has been neglected in previous studies regarding the fashion industry, to analyze the relationship between advertisement and sales. It will lend help to fashion companies seeking to rationally manage advertising expenses and come up with effective advertising policies.