• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Because most of the passengers are not accustomed with onboard environments, it is very important to analyze and predict the behaviors' characteristics of passengers under disasters' conditions, and apply those results for making countermeasures. On this view point, this study focused on the walking characteristics of onboard-novices are tested and analyzed under blackout condition that has high possibility to happen. As a result, comparing to under normal lighting conditions, the waking times under blackout conditions are 155.8~247.1 % longer on full path, 56.9~331.7 % on corridors, 75.3~152.9 % on stairs, respectively. And under the same blackout conditions, walking times in cases of the exit guidance marks being attached on top side of walls saved times, like 21.6~24.0 % on full path, 37.7~58.9 % on corridors, 18.7~19.2 % on stairs, comparing to the cases of exit guidance marks being not attached. On the other hand, after tests under without exit guidance marks, 60.7% among respondents answered that internal structures like wall/stair (35.7 %) and handrail (25 %) are very helpful to decide way findings, and 28.6 % selected personal instincts is important. But 50 % responded that exit guide marks are effective to find ways, after the tests under with exit guidance marks.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.501-509
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to review the effects of the physical fatigue induced by overtraining on cognitive information processing and emotional change of athletes by neurophysiologic study. And to provide basic data for the athletes and coaches in the sports field to improve understanding of the overtraining symptoms from the brain physiological point of view. We reviewed the domestic and international academic materials and research reports published in the last 20 years using electronic databases and examined the literature that is consistent with the purpose of this study among the retrieved documents. Based on the reviewed literature, we examined the cognitive information processing and emotional change of the athlete according to the training, and overtraining can accumulate the fatigue of the body, which can cause severe side effects in terms of cognitive ability and emotional ability of athletes as well as deterioration of performance. The study using P300 and EEG cerebral hemispheric asymmetry difference indices also confirmed the possibility of a new approach to understand psychological and physiological effects of overtraining on information processing and emotional changes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2013

A comparative study of leaf epidermal microstructure in tribes Forsythieae (Abeliophyllum: 1 species, Forsythia: 12 taxa - 10 species, 2 varieties), Fontanesieae (Fontanesia: 2 species) including one related genus Myxopyrum belonging to Myxopyreae (Myxopyrum: 5 taxa - 4 species, 1 subspecies) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate their significance in the taxonomy. The leaves of investigated taxa are either hypostomatic or amphistomatic, but former is more frequent. The size range of the guard cells is 17.14-47.58 ${\times}$ 11.59- 44.25 ${\mu}m$: the smallest one was found in Forsythia giraldiana (17.48-22.96 ${\times}$ 11.64-12.88 ${\mu}m$), while the largest one was measured to Myxopyrum pierrei (31.50-41.75 ${\times}$ 32.53-44.25 ${\mu}m$). Anomocytic stomatal complex are most frequent type (rarely paracytic), usually both anomocytic and anisocytic occur in one leaf. In surface view both adaxial and abaxial anticlinal walls of the subsidiary cells are variable (e.g., straight/curved, undulate, sinuate, undulate/sinuate). Three types (simple unicellular and multicellular non-glandular, subsessile glandular) of trichomes are found in leaves. Finally, the systematic significance of the leaf epidermal micromorphological characters in idenfitication and elucidation of these tribe, between or within the genera including among the species is also briefly discussed.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2020

In general, auto parts production assembly line is assembled and produced by automatic mounting by an automated robot. In such a production site, quality problems such as misalignment of parts (doors, trunks, roofs, etc.) to be assembled with the vehicle body or collision between assembly robots and components are often caused. In order to solve such a problem, the quality of parts is manually inspected by using mechanical jig devices outside the automated production line. Automotive inspection technology is the most commonly used field of vision, which includes surface inspection such as mounting hole spacing and defect detection, body panel dents and bends. It is used for guiding, providing location information to the robot controller to adjust the robot's path to improve process productivity and manufacturing flexibility. The most difficult weighing and measuring technology is to calibrate the surface analysis and position and characteristics between parts by storing images of the part to be measured that enters the camera's field of view mounted on the side or top of the part. The problem of the machine vision device applied to the automobile production line is that the lighting conditions inside the factory are severely changed due to various weather changes such as morning-evening, rainy days and sunny days through the exterior window of the assembly production plant. In addition, since the material of the vehicle body parts is a steel sheet, the reflection of light is very severe, which causes a problem in that the quality of the captured image is greatly changed even with a small light change. In this study, the distance between the car body and the door part and the door are acquired by the measuring device combining the laser slit light source and the LED pattern light source. The result is transferred to the joint robot for assembling parts at the optimum position between parts, and the assembly is done at the optimal position by changing the angle and step.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.524-552
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• 1998

Purgation therapy has played an important role as a influential remedy from the begining of the Chinese medicine. Especially purgation therapy is raised as the effective remedy on the acute infectious disease in the book of 'Treatise on Febrile Disease'. But It was inclined to cold-nature and available only in the excess syndrome. Nevertheless it is evident that the book has showed an example of this therapy. During the middle age, purgation therapy is classified into several subtype; hydrogogue therapy, laxation with lubricants, purgation with cold-natured drugs and purgation with warm-natured drugs. Comparing with the ancient times, it must be a progression. It was investigated earnestly by a school leaded by Zhang Congzheng. They were not restricted to several diseases, but applied it to the wide range of diseases. They thought as following. 'One is ill from pathogenic factor so that you should eliminate it from the human body'. Hence, they frequently used three major remedies such as diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. In this process, purgation therapy had showed eye-opening progress. But opposition to it was not little. Li Gao was a representative man on the opposite side. He expressed a critical opinion and placed great importance on the genuine energy, the natural healing force. Under his influence, a large number of doctors evaded purgation and put it under taboo. On account of these trend, purgation therapy had took a backward step and retrograded. Therefore cathartics such as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rharbitidis Semen, cold drugs such as Gypsum Fibrosum, etc. had been excluded for preservation of the genuine energy, and came about an obnoxious custom to value only 'tonity deficiency', or 'warm and tonify'. As it had came into fashion to approach most disease from the point of view, purgation therapy was merely fall into a remedy of constipation. After the eighteenth century purgation therapy encountered the new period of rivival. It was introduced by them who strived for the study of Epidemics to the new current of thought, so called '增水行舟'. It was because 온병 was apt to dissipate one's Yin fluid. Therefore purgation therapy of this period was characterized by establishing nourishment Yin and body fluid with or without use of timely purgation of accumulation of heat. From the time of Zhang Congzheng, it was accomplished by Lee Je-ma to the most epoch-making change. He caused an improvement in the use of purgation therapy by regarding innate constitutional contradiction as importance than representing clinical symptoms. He warned that existing remedies that depend only upon symptoms and signs, not upon individual characteristics including constitutional features didn't bring round to but kill them. And he understood all the pathologic processes in his constitutional theory, investigated specific drugs on four constitution, made indications of each prescriptions clear. For giving to differentiation of constition before differentiation of syndrom, his new slant on the pathologic phenomena overcome the limitations of 변증시치, and revaluate purgation therapy from remedy impaire the genuine energy to that restore it by recover the balance between the internal organ. It is the product of him to fundamentally upset the cause to be in disregard of purgation therapy.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.42-50
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• 2011

In the 21st century, people began to pay more attention on the culture, and the chances for them to participate in the cultural lives also increased. The spaces for entertainments can also be deemed as the center of the cultural contents. The entertainment is, in consideration of its definition by the literal meaning and the origin of the word itself, 'an act that entertains, or any artificial creation that is designed to give entertainment with a view to relieve the subjects from the burdens they have as they live.'Of the modem entertainment spaces, the one with the most profound visual manifestation of the entertainment element is the club. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence from the entertaining element manifested in the club spaces. Only until a few years back, the club spaces were deemed with negative impressions that comes with the more negative side of the entertaining world. But, recently such negative impressions are lift off considerably, and the club spaces are regarded with positive impressions as to be the kind of place where the young people can enjoy performances and other kind of culture in healthy atmosphere. In Chapter 2, we will examine the entertainment and the nature of the pleasure it gives, as well as the correlation between the entertaining environments and the pleasure they give. In chapter 3, the entertaining elements within such contexts are classified into the experience, form, color, objects, and the lightings and examine the characteristics of each of them. Also, the influences of these elements to the entertaining environment will be reviewed. In the case study in chapter 4, 9 overseas and domestic club spaces that were introduced in 'Interior World' magazines, that is, in the issues that are focused on 'Entertainment,'such as Issue 59, 68, and 79. As a result of the analysis, the influences of the entertaining, or pleasing, elements were discovered. The particular expression characteristics of the pleasing designs in the club spaces are, namely, the form elements, material elements, color elements, objects elements, and the lighting elements. As the society changes and the cultural level goes up, the club spaces are required to adopt more changes. Therefore, the pleasing elements of the space should receive further emphasis. These elements will act as a trend in the space and make the people appreciate the space more refreshing.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shape and impacted pattern of mesiodens and associated complications using three dimensional images produced by dental CBCT. This study was based on the CBCT (CB Mercury, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) radiographic view of 280 pediatric patients who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Chosun University Dental Hospital with the chief complain of mesiodens during between 2007 and 2012. Impacted mesiodens occurs more frequently in boys than in girls, the ratio being approximately 3.3:1 and most cases were observed between 6 and 8 years of age. The number of mesiodens per patient was 1.38. Majority of the mesiodens were conical (79.5%) in shape and inverted (48.6%) in direction. The mesio-distal position of mesiodens were the most common in middle sector (81.8%), vertical level were the most common near cervical (60.3%), and labio-palatal position were the most common at palatal side of the dental arch (73.8%). 47.5% of mesiodens had complications and common complications associated with mesiodens were displaced tooth and delayed eruptions. The shape, vertical level, and labio-palatal position of mesiodens had correlations with complications. CBCT appears to be an excellent diagnostic tool, providing three dimensional information and accurate images, for diagnosis of impacted mesiodens.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.115-123
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• 2010

Because of development of information technology, moving picture can run various platforms. We should consider and apply users' attitude as well as production technique because convergence between mobile and media technology may be increased full-browsing service using mobile device. Previous research related to production technique in various platforms only focus on video quality and adjustment of screen size. However, besides of technical side, production techniques should be changed such as image production as well as image editing by point of view aesthetic. Mise-en-scene such as camera angle, composition, and lighting is changed due to HD image. Also image production should be changed to a suitable full-browsing service using mobile device. Therefore, we would explore a new suitable production techniques and image editing for smart phone. To propose production techniques for smart phone, we used E-learning production system, which are transition, editing technique for suitable converting system. Such as new attempts are leading to new paradigm and establishing their position by applying characteries such as openness, timeliness to mobile. Also it can be extended individual area and established as expression and play tool.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.787-799
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• 2017

Although the long-term leakage between the box culvert and the soil contact surface is one of the main causes of the failure in the embankment of the reservoir, there is a little studies on this matter. If a leakage occurs by the structure such as the buried box culvert of reservoir embankment is partially damaged, it is difficult to observe and there is a possibility of damage caused by piping. For these reasons, more research is necessary. In this study, the embankment type of the reservoir is divided into the core type and the homogeneous type when the damaged box culvert passing through the embankment of the reservoir is leaked due to the differential behavior of materials like differential settlement. In view of the condition, the seepage analysis of 2D was performed according to the water level change. The result of the study shows that the possibility of piping increases at the upper part rather than the bottom part of the box culvert when the leakage occurs to the box culvert passing through the embankment of the reservoir. Particularly, it is considered that the presence of the core helps to maintain the seepage stability of the embankment in case where the leakage occurs at the downstream side of the embankment. Also, if there is a drastic decrease on the internal pore water pressure in the embankment of reservoir, it is necessary to consider the possibility of piping.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

As a variety of HMD(Head Mounted Display) has come out, the production of 3D images onto which VR(Virtual Reality) technologies are grafted has been contributed to activating the production of image contents depending on a tangible or immersing type. VR-based image contents have enlarged their applicability across the entertainment industry from animation and game to realistic images. At the same time, the solution development for producing VR image contents has also gained elasticity. However, among those production solutions which have been used until now, fixed stereo camera based photographing has a limit that the binocular disparity of a user is fixed. This does not only restrict a way of expression a producer intends to direct, but also may cause the effect of 3D or space not to be sensed enough as view condition is not considered enough in a user's side. This study is aimed at resolving with skills applying in the latter part of 3D image production the problem that convergence points may be adjusted with restriction, which tends to happen at the time of the production of VR image contents. The later stage of the 3D imaging work analyzes and applies to game engines the significance of adjusting convergence points through the visualization of binocular disparity so that it is available to implement a function that the points could be controlled at random by a user.