• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.46 no.7
• /
• pp.458-463
• /
• 2008

High purity Fe thin films were prepared by the ion beam deposition method with $^{56}Fe^{+}$ions on the Si substrate at the room temperature. The Fe thin films were deposited at the ion energy of 50 eV and 100 eV. Microstructural properties were investigated on the atomic scale using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that the Fe thin film obtained with the energy of 50 eV having an excellent corrosion resistance consists of the amorphous layer of ~15 nm in thickness and the bcc crystalline layer of about 30 nm in grain size, while the thin film obtained with the energy of 100 eV having a poor corrosion resistance consists of little amorphous layer and the defective crystalline layer. Furthermore the crystal structures and arrangements of the oxide layers formed on the Fe thin films were analyzed by processing of the HRTEM images. It was concluded that the corrosion behavior of Fe thin films relates to the surface morphology and the crystalline structure as well as the degree of purification.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.274-274
• /
• 2019

최근 하천에서 실시간 유량측정을 위하여 유수에 접촉 또는 비접촉 유속측정방식을 이용한 자동유량측정시스템이 설치 운영되고 있으며, 주로 지표유속법(index velocity method)이 적용되고 있다. 지표유속법 적용을 위해서는 다양한 범위에서 측정된 지표유속과 평균유속관계를 분석해야한다. 그러나 유속계 설치초기에는 측정된 유속이 없기 때문에 측정된 유량을 신뢰하기가 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 비접촉 유속계인 전자파표면유속계(MU2720)로 측정된 표면유속과 지표유속법을 이용하여 일반적인 하천에서 비접촉(레이다 또는 전자파표면유속계 등) 방식에 의한 자동유량측정 시스템 운영초기에 적용 가능한 경험적 지표-평균유속 관계식을 개발하여 검토하였다. 연구 대상지점은 한탄강(1개소), 홍천강(3개소), 내린천(2개소), 북천(1개소), 탄천(1개소), 섬강(1개소) 등 6개 하천 9개 지점이며, 2016~2018년에 지점별로 측정된 총 103개(6~26개)의 측정자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 지점별 최대유속이 발생하는 지표유속과 평균유속과의 관계를 분석한 결과 결정계수(R2)가 0.8848(원주시(문막교))~0.9874(서울시(대곡교))로 평균 0.9626를 보여 매우 높은 상관성을 보였다. 또한 9개 지점의 모든 유속자료를 통합하여 지표-평균유속 관계식을 개발하였다. 그 결과 결정계수는 0.9247를 보였으며, 유속분포가 일반적이지 않은 홍천강의 홍천군(반곡교), 섬강의 원주시(문막교) 지점 자료를 제외한 7개 지점의 자료만으로 지표-평균유속 관계식을 개발한 결과 결정계수가 0.9603으로 매우 높은 상관성을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 일반적인 유속분포(포물선형태)를 가진 하천은 본 연구에서 7개 지점으로 개발된 지표-평균유속 관계식을 운영초기에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.102-109
• /
• 2019

The material constitution of multi-layered thin film coated on the PET base film was analyzed using ATR FT-IR and pyro GC/MS combination. The cross section of the film was acquired by cracking the film after dipping in liquid nitrogen and was observed using optical microscope. Total thickness of the coated film was $70{\mu}m$ and three layers were observed. Since each layers were too thin to analyze directly except the surface layer, analyzable area of each layers were exposed by using a proper solvent and were investigated using ATR FT-IR and pyro GC/MS. Results shows that three layers were commonly consisted of urethane-acrylate copolymers. Also, inorganic and/or metal inclusions detected by XPS and SEM-EDAX were exhibited by nano size $SiO_2$ particles in layer(1) and aluminum flakes in layer(2).

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.671-679
• /
• 2010

This paper introduces a new hull form design method for the bow of a full ship, by actively applying the relation between the fore-body hull form and its wave resistance characteristics. For the hull form design, the Series 60($C_B=0.8$) hull is chosen as the parent ship, and Kracht's charts are used to determine the parameters of the bulbous bow in the early stages of hull form design. Several hull forms have been tested in order to obtain enough hull form variations with various bow shapes and design parameters in the search of the best design. In order to investigate the resistance characteristics of the designed hull forms, numerical simulations with corresponding model tests have been rigorously performed. For the numerical simulations, the Marker-density method is employed to track the nonlinear phenomena of the free surface(program IUBW). Model tests have also been performed to achieve an improved research performance using the designed hulls. Both numerical and experimental results show that the wave resistance of the hull forms can be effectively diminished if the bows are designed using the method introduced in this research. It is also expected that this research can facilitate better productivity in hull form design, especially at the preliminary design stage of a full ship type vessel.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2019

In this study, the Ag nano-dots structure and silicon nitride film were applied to the textured wafer surface to improve the light trapping effect of mono-crystalline silicon solar cell. Ag nano-dots structure was formed by performing a heat treatment for 30 minutes at 650℃ after the deposition of 10nm Ag thin film. Ag thin film deposition was performed using a thermal evaporator. The silicon nitride film was deposited by a Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. The effect of light trapping was compared and analyzed through light reflectance measurements. Experimental results showed that the reflectivity increased by 0.5 ~ 1% under all nitride thickness conditions when Ag nano-dots structure was formed before nitride film deposition. In addition, when the Ag nano-dots structure is formed after deposition of the silicon nitride film, the reflectance is increased in the nitride film condition of 70 nm or more. When the HF treatment was performed for 60 seconds to improve the Ag nano-dot structure, the overall reflectance was improved, and the reflectance was 0.15% lower than that of the silicon nitride film-only sample at 90 nm silicon nitride film condition.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.299-302
• /
• 2019

A clonorchiasis case in a captive leopard cat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies found in the bile juice sample in the Korea. The leopard cat was introduced from the wild habitat of Gyeongsangnam-do, to Cheongju Zoo in Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea in August 2014. Physical examinations were basically performed for quarantine and check-up health. The cat was comparatively good in health except anorexia. The cyst-like bile duct dilation and the increased echogenicity of gall bladder wall and hepatic parenchyma were observed by ultrasonography. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was conducted for collecting bile juice and the specimens were observed under light microscope. The numerous small trematode eggs were detected in the bile juice sample of the light microscopy. The eggs were $25-33(28{\pm}3){\mu}m$ by $18-22(20{\pm}1){\mu}m$ in size and showed typical characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis egg, i.e., a dominantly developed operculum, shoulder rim and dust-like wrinkles in surface. To treat the liver fluke infection, 20 mg/kg of praziquantel was orally administered only once to the case. Follow-up studies including fecal examinations were conducted during 2 years after treatment. But no more eggs were detected from the case. In the present study, we described the first clonorchiasis case of leopard cat, which was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies from the bile juice sample in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.2-9
• /
• 2019

Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintain distinct capacities with respect to self-renewal, differentiation ability and immunomodulatory function, they have been highly considered as the therapeutic agents for cell-based clinical application. Of particular, differentiation condition alters characteristics of MSCs, including cellular morphology, expression of gene/protein and cell surface molecule, immunological property and apoptosis. However, the previous results for differentiation-related apoptosis in MSCs have still remained controversial due to varied outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to disclose periodical alterations of pro- and anti-apoptosis in MSCs under differentiation inductions. The human dental pulp-derived MSCs (DP-MSCs) were differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts during early (1 week), middle (2 weeks) and late (3 weeks) stages, and were investigated on their apoptosis-related changes by Annexin V assay, qRT-PCR and western blotting. The ratio of apoptotic cell population was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated during the early to middle stages of differentiations but recovered up to the similar level of undifferentiated state at the late stage of differentiation. In the expression of mRNA and protein, whereas expressions of pro-apoptosis-related makers (BAX and BAK) were not altered in any kind and duration of differentiation inductions, anti-apoptosis marker (BCL2) was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated even at the early stage of differentiations. The recovery of apoptotic cell population at the late stage of differentiation is expected to be associated with the response by elevation of anti-apoptotic molecules. The present study may contribute on understanding for cellular mechanism in differentiation of MSCs and provide background data in clinical application of MSCs in the animal biotechnology to develop effective and safe therapeutic strategy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.73-73
• /
• 2017

Pyroprocessing at KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) consists of pretreatment, electroreduction, electrorefining and electrowinning. SFR (Sodium Fast Reactor) fuel is prepared from the electrowinning process which is composed of LCC (Liquid Cadmium Process) and Cd distillation et al. LCC is an electrochemical process to obtain actinides from spent fuel. In order to recover actinides inert anodes such as carbon material are used, where chlorine gas ($Cl_2$) evolves on the surface of the carbon material. And, stainless steel (SUS) crucible should be installed in large-scale electrowinning system. Therefore, the effect of chlorine on the SUS material needs to be studied. LiCl-KCl-$UCl_3$-$NdCl_3$-$CeCl_3$-$LaCl_3$-$YCl_3$ salt was contained in 2 kinds of electrolytic crucible having an inner diameter of 5cm, made of an insulated alumina and an SUS, respectively. And, three kinds of electrodes such as cathode, anode, reference were used for the electrochemical experiments. Both solid tungsten (W) and LCC were used as cathodes. Cd of 45 g as the cathode material was contained in alumina crucibles for the deposition experiments, where the crucible has an inner diameter of 3 cm. Glassy carbon rod with the diameter of 0.3 cm was employed as an anode, where shroud was not used for the anode. A pyrex tube containing LiCl-KCl-1mol% AgCl and silver (Ag) wire having a diameter of 0.1cm was used as a reference electrode. Electrodeposition experiments were conducted at $500^{\circ}C$ at the current densities of $50{\sim}100mA/cm^2$. In conclusion, Fe ions were produced in the salt during the electrodeposition by the reaction of chlorine evolved from the anode and Fe of the SUS crucible and thereby LCC system using SUS crucible showed very low current efficiencies compared with the system using the insulated alumina crucible. Anode shroud needs to be installed around the glassy carbon not to influence surrounding SUS material.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2018.05a
• /
• pp.272-272
• /
• 2018

하천유량 측정방법 중 표면유속을 측정하는 방법은 수표면의 유속만을 측정하기 때문에 평균 유속을 산정하기 위해서는 평균유속 환산계수를 적용해야 한다. 일반적으로 표면유속을 평균유속으로 산정하기 위하여 이론 및 실험을 통해 제시된 환산계수는 0.84~0.95의 범위에서 현장 여건을 고려하여 적용하도록 되어 있다. 환산계수는 현장에서 수위별(또는 유량별) 직접 유속분포를 측정하여 산정해야 한다. 그러나 표면유속 측정이 주로 이루어지는 홍수사상에서는 유속이 빠르기 때문에 유속분포를 측정하고 분석하는 것이 어려우 국내에서는 0.85를 환산계수로 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2016~2017년 국토교통부 수문조사사업을 통해 8개 수위관측소에서 전자파표면유속계(MU2720)로 측정된 40개의 자료와 Price AA, ADCP, 부자 등을 이용하여 측정된 자료 기반으로 개발된 수위-유량관계곡선식을 이용하여 표면유속을 평균유속으로 산정하기 위한 환산계수(환산계수 = 수위-유량관계곡선의 유량 / 표면유속으로 산정한 유량)를 검토하였다. 또한 전자파표면유속계와 비교 유속계로 동시에 측정한 3개의 자료를 이용하여 환산계수를 직접 검토하였다. 여기서 표면유속 및 평균유속은 한 측선의 유속이 아닌 전체 단면에 대한 평균유속이다. 그 결과 표면유속을 평균유속으로 환산하기 위한 환산계수는 수위-유량관계곡선식을 이용한 경우 0.76~0.95(평균 0.85, 표준편차 0.04)로 산정되었다. 또한 비교 유속계와 동시에 측정한 3개 자료에 대해 환산계수를 산정한 결과 평균 0.85(0.82~0.91)로 산정되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기존에 제시된 환산계수의 범위와 크게 다르지 않았으며, 일반적으로 환산계수로 사용되는 0.85의 값은 해당 지점의 유속분포 정보가 없을 때에는 유효할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.474-487
• /
• 2011

Bars of OFHC Cu with the diameter of 45 mm were processed by equal channel angular pressing up to 16 passes via route $B_c$, and homogeneity of their microstructures and mechanical properties was examined at every four passes which develop the equiaxed ultrafine grains. In general, overall hardness, yield strength and tensile strength increased by 3, 7, and 2 times respectively compared with those of unECAPed sample. Cross-sectional hardness exhibited a concentric distribution. Hardness was the highest at the center of bar and it decreased gradually from center to surface. After 16 passes, overall hardness decreased due to recovery and partial recrystallization. Regardless of the number of passage, yield strength and tensile strength were quite uniform at all positions, but elongation showed some degree of scattering. At 4 passes, coarse and ultrafine grains coexisted at all positions. After 4 passes, uniform equiaxed ultrafine grains were obtained at the center, while uniform elongated ultrafine grains were manifested at the upper half position. At the lower half position, grains were equiaxed but its size were inhomogeneous. It was found that inhomogeneity of grain morphology and grain size distribution at different positions are to be attributed to scattering in elongation but they did not affect strength. The present results reveal the high potential of practical application of equal channel angular pressing on fabrication of large-sized ultrafine grained bars with quite homogeneous mechanical properties.