• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.150-168
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• 2017

This study was carried out to compare stand structure in Bihwajin basin Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Korea for ten years between 2003 and 2014, in which occurred the east coastal forest fire in 2000. Data were collected from 32 quadrates that followed by the analysis of vegetation classification according to plant sociology, importance value by Mclntosh and Curtise, species diversity and similarity index. In the result of vegetation classification, the vegetation unit decreased from 7 units to 4 units, and the number of species groups changed from 11 to 7. As a result of importance value (IV) changes, IV of Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata and Q. variabilis was increased by 6.8%, 5.2% and 2.9% in the order, respectively. However, that of Pinus densiflora was decreased by 2.8%. That of major planted species such as Castanea crenata, Chionanthus retusa, Prunus armeniaca var. ansu, Acer triflorum and Koelreuteria paniculata was reduced. As a result of species diversity, it was increased from 0.252 to 0.287 in tree layer, from 0.252 to 0.434 in subtree layer, and from 1.293 to 1.333 in shrub layer. But that in herb layer was decreased from 1.745 to 1.646. As a result of similarity index, it was 0.78, 0.65, 0.72 and 0.55 by layers that showed most difference in herb stratum. Considering the results, this study would be applied to the ecosystem diagnose and management of forest fire damaged area similar to the investigated area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.309-332
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• 2015

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing in Mt. Taebaeksan, a survey was conducted from April, 2014 to October, 2014. The flora of Mt. Taebaeksan was classified as a total of 406 taxa comprising of 79 families, 238 genus, 352 species, 4 subspecies, 43 varieties and 7 forma. Among them, 8 taxa were identified as endemic plants in Korea including Salix koriyanagi Kimura, Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Anemone koraiensis Nakai, etc. 16 taxa of Korean rare plants species were identified including 4 taxa in the degree of VU (Asplenium spinulosum (Maxim.) Milde, etc.) and 12 taxa in the degree of LC (Clematis koreana Kom., Eranthis stellata Maxim., Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., etc.) The floristic special plants were a total of 107 taxa which consist of 3 taxa in degree V(Polypodium virginianum L., etc.), 14 taxa in degree IV(Asplenium otophorum (Miq.) Koidz., etc.), 31 taxa in degree III (Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim., etc.), 32 taxa in degree II(Lycopodium chinense H.Christ, etc.) and 27 taxa in degree I(Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, etc.). For the naturalized plants, 16 taxa were identified (Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Rumex crispus L., Cerastium glomeratum Thuill). Also, the percentage of urbanization index was 5 %, and the naturalized plant index was 3.9 % respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.138-152
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• 2020

We investigated the Riparian floras in Hwangjicheon stream from April 2017 to October 2019. 223 taxa (i.e. 203 species, 2 subspecies,18 varieties from 158 genera of 65 families) of the vasclur plants were found in Hwangjicheon stream. Among 223 taxa, we found 4 endemic species, and However, rare and endangered plants were not found in Hwangjicheon stream. The number of floristic regional indicator plants was 22 (i.e. 3 species of IV degree, 4 taxa of III degree, 7 taxa of II degree, and 8 taxa of I degree). In addition, 28 naturalized plants were identified, and the percentage of Naturalized Index (NI) and Urbanization Index (UI) were 12.5%, and 8.7%, respectively. Vascular plant usability and reclassification result is Edible 166 species (74.4%), Medicinal 187 species (83.8%), Flavor 9 species (4.0%), Industrial 99 species (44.3%), Ornamental 106 species (47.5%), Restoration 84 species (37.6%), Compost 112 species (50.2%), Unknown 5 species (2.2%). We hope that our results provide reference data to set up strategy of conservation of biodiversity in the Hwangjicheon stream and Taebaek-si areas.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.426-431
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• 2013

Nanosized $TiO_2$ particles were prepared from titanium (IV) sulfate solution using base solutions at low reaction temperature ($95^{\circ}C$) and atmospheric pressure by hydrothermal precipitation method without calcination. The effects of preparation conditions, such as kind of base solutions (NaOH, $NH_4OH$, Monoethanolamine, Diethanolamine, Triethanolamine) and surfactants (CTAB, Span 20, SDBS), concentration of surfactants, temperature and pH, on the physical properties of $TiO_2$ particles have been investigated by XRD, SEM and Zeta-potential meter. Absorption area was also investigated by DRS in order to confirm the photocatalytic activity of the nanosized $TiO_2$ particles. It was turned out that, among base solutions, NaOH provides the smallest $TiO_2$ particles with excellent crystallinity. And cationic surfactant (CTAB) prepared smaller $TiO_2$ particles than any other surfactants. When CTAB is added in the concentration ratio of $Ti(SO_4)_2$:CTAB=10:1, $TiO_2$ particles with particle diameter of 5.8 nm were prepared. This is approximately 1/10 of that prepared without CTAB.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.44-70
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and characteristics of vascular plants resources in Palbongsan Mt., to compare with previous study and to provide basic information for management and preservation of vegetation. We surveyed eleven times by dividing routes from April of 2018 to May of 2021. The result of this survey revealed a total of 450 taxa, consisting of 101 families, 298 genera, 405 species, 11 subspecies, 28 varieties and 6 forms. Among them, the Korean endemic plants were 8 taxa and the rare plants were 4 taxa. The floristic target species were 30 taxa including 2 taxa of grade IV, 6 taxa of grade III, 7 taxa of grade II, and 15 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 39 taxa, the percent of naturalized plant species was calculated to be 8.67% and urbanization index was 12.15%. Ecosystem disturbance wild plants were 5 taxa. It is considered continuous monitoring and periodic vegetation management of the distribution status of naturalized plants and ecosystem disturbance wild plants found at the edges of forests, fields and forests would be carried out.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.42-50
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the communication behavior styles of hemodialysis nurses based on the structured Q-methodology. The Q-population was formulated based on literature reviews and in-depth interviews with 10 hemodialysis nurses who were working in hospitals in Seoul and Anyang-si, Gyeonggi Province. A total of 50 Q-samples, which were believed to best represent the communication behavior styles of hemodialysis nurses, were selected from the Q-population by the author and a professor majoring in nursing. 30 P-samples were selected from hemodialysis nurses who were working in primary, secondary, and tertiary hospitals in Seoul. Q-sorting was performed by P-samples and data was analyzed through the pc-QUANL program. The results suggested that there are four types of communication behavior styles of hemodialysis nurses, namely: "type I: listening and speaking courteously with an active mind", "type II: listening and speaking courteously with a receptive mind", "type III: advising with an explanation" and "type IV: super-reasonable with a defensive mind". It is expected that the analytical results described here may provide basic information that can be used to develop educational material for hemodialysis nurses.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.468-486
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• 2007

It was found that vascular plants distributed at Yeondo islet were composed of 107 families, 312 genera, 408 species, 2 subspecies, 51 varieties and 5 forms, totaling 466 taxa. 39 species including Myrica rubra among the 466 taxa were evergreen broad-leaved tree, and as for flora region science-based specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment, it was surveyed that 85 taxa(46 families, 70 genera, 80 species and 5 varieties) were distributed by identifying 53 taxa in grade one, 1 taxa in grade two, 26 taxa in grade three, 3 taxa in grade four, and Milletia japonica and Arisaema negishii in grade five. In the naturalized plants, a total of 42 taxa(13 families, 37 genera, 40 species and 2 varieties) were surveyed to be distributed and the ratio of their naturalization and Urbanization Index was analyzed to be 9.01% and 14.63%, respectively. Life form spectra bore a type of H-Dl-R5-e. Vegetation of Yeondo islet are classified as Pinus thunbergii community and Castanopsis sieboldii community, and Miscanthus sinesis var. purpurascens community spread on an gently slanted mountain side.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2012

CD99 is known to be involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. However, it remains unclear whether CD99 controls cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. In this study, the effects of CD99 activation on cell-extracellular matrix adhesion were investigated. It was found that engagement of CD99 with the stimulating antibody YG32 downregulated the adhesion of MCF-7 cells to fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV in a dose-dependent manner. The CD99 effect on cell-ECM adhesion was inhibited by overexpression of the dominant negative form of CD99 or CD99 siRNA transfection. Treatment of cells with $Mn^{2+}$ or by ${\beta}_1$ integrin-stimulating antibody restored the inhibitory effect of CD99 on cell-ECM adhesion. Cross-linking CD99 inactivated ${\beta}_1$ integrin through conformational change. CD99 activation caused dephosphorylation at Tyr-397 in FAK, which was restored by the ${\beta}_1$ stimulating antibody. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that CD99 inhibits cell-extracellular matrix adhesion by suppressing ${\beta}_1$ integrin affinity.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study is to examine the effects of a nano-structured alumina coating on the adhesion between resin cements and zirconia ceramics using a four-point bending test. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 100 pairs of zirconium bar specimens were prepared with dimensions of $25mm{\times}2mm{\times}5mm$ and cementation surfaces of $5mm{\times}2mm$. The samples were divided into 5 groups of 20 pairs each. The groups are as follows: Group I (C) - Control with no surface modification, Group II (APA) - airborne-particle-abrasion with $110{\mu}m$ high-purity aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$) particles, Group III (ROC) - airborne-particle-abrasion with $110{\mu}m$ silica modified aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3+SiO_2$) particles, Group IV (TCS) - tribochemical silica coated with $Al_2O_3$ particles, and Group V (AlC) - nano alumina coating. The surface modifications were assessed on two samples selected from each group by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The samples were cemented with two different self-adhesive resin cements. The bending bond strength was evaluated by mechanical testing. RESULTS. According to the ANOVA results, surface treatments, different cement types, and their interactions were statistically significant (P<.05). The highest flexural bond strengths were obtained in nano-structured alumina coated zirconia surfaces (50.4 MPa) and the lowest values were obtained in the control group (12.00 MPa), both of which were cemented using a self-adhesive resin cement. CONCLUSION. The surface modifications tested in the current study affected the surface roughness and flexural bond strength of zirconia. The nano alumina coating method significantly increased the flexural bond strength of zirconia ceramics.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the relation to the organs, shu points and mu points. The labeled common locations of the spinal cord and brain were observed following injection of pseudorabies virus(PRV) into the the kidney, UB23 and GB25. Methods : After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, The fifteen rats were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope. Results : In spinal cord, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the kidney, BL23 and GB25 were founded in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Dense labeled areas of cervical segments were overlap in lateral cervical n. and lamina III-V area. Thoracic segments were overlap in lateral spinal n., intermediolateral n. and lamina V-X areas. Lumbar segments were overlap in lamina I-V areas. Sacral segments were overlap in lamina IV, V and X areas. In brain, PRV labeled areas projecting to the kidney, UB23 and GB25 were overlap in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular n./rostroventrolaterai n., raphe obscurus n,, raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., gigantocellular reticular n., locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus n., A5 cell group and paraventricular hypothalamic n.. Conclusions : This results suggest that PRV labeled overlap areas of projecting to the kidney may be correlated to shu and mu points related to the kidney. These morphological results provide that organs-shu(transport) and mu(alarm) points interrelationship may be related to the central autonomic pathways.