• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.230-231
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• 2023

This study proposes a deep reinforcement learning-based algorithm to automatically generate a ship's passage plan. First, Busan Port and Gwangyang Port were selected as target areas, and a container ship with a draft of 16m was designated as the target vessel. The experimental results showed that the ship's passage plan generated using deep reinforcement learning was more efficient than the Q-learning-based algorithm used in previous research. This algorithm presents a method to generate a ship's passage plan automatically and can contribute to improving maritime safety and efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2021

As discussions of the International Maritime Organization for the introduction of the Marine Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) began in earnest, discussions were conducted to prioritize cybersecurity (Cyber Risk Management) when developing a system to support MASS operation at the 27th ENAV Committee Working Group (WG2). Korea launched a technology development project for autonomous ships in 2020, and has been promoting detailed tasks for cybersecurity technology development since 2021. MASS operation in a digital maritime communication system environment requires network security of various digital equipment that was not considered in the existing maritime communication environment. This study introduces the basic concept of network security equipment to support MASS operation in the detailed task of cybersecurity technology development, and defines the network security equipment interface for MASS ship application in the basic stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.137-139
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• 2022

As cyber threats in the maritime industry increase due to the digital transformation, the needs for cyber security training for ship's crew and port engineers has increased. The training of seafarers is related to the IMO's STCW convention, so cyber security training also managed and certified, and it is necessary to develop a cybersecurity training system that reflects the characteristics of the OT systemof ships and ports. In this paper, with the goal of developing a training model based on the IMO cyber risk management guideline, developing a cyber security training model based on the characteristics of maritime industry threats, and improving the effectiveness of cyber security training using AR/VR and metaverse, A method for developing a system for nurturing cyber security experts is presented.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2022

The International Maritime Organization, which is in charge of the international maritime environment and ship safety, has rapidly promoted cyber systems for international dimension agreement and efficiency improvement and improved nautical efficiency. Nevertheless, maritime cyber system attacks still occur every year, and in particular, the number of international maritime cyber security incidents in 2021 appeared to increase sharply compared to 2020. This paper discusses the areas that should be taken into account in order to reduce the increasing sophistication of maritime cyber security. To this end, we will look at typical cases of cyber attacks that have increased sharply in 2021 and analyze the causes of the continuous occurrence of maritime cyber security incidents. In addition, we present several cyber system proposals regarding the current state of maritime cyber systems and the solutions to the problems they face, as well as the matters to be addressed for future maritime cyber systems that will be advanced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.429-438
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• 2021

The mandatory installation of the ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) became an important navigational equipment for navigation officer. In addition, ECDIS is a key component of the ship's digitalization in conjunction with various navigational equipment. Meanwhile, cyber-attacks emerge as a new threat along with digitalization. Damage caused by cyber-attacks is also reported in the shipping sector, and IMO recommends that cybersecurity guidelines be developed and included in International Security Management (ISM). This study analyzed the cybersecurity hazards of ECDIS, where various navigational equipment are connected. To this end, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted on navigation officer using ECDIS. As a result, the development of technologies for cyber-attack detection and prevention should be priority. In addition, policies related to 'Hardware and Software upgrade', 'network access control', and 'data backup and recovery' were analyzed as contents to be maintained. This paper is significant in deriving risk factors from the perspective of ECDIS users and analyzing their priorities, and it is necessary to analyze various cyber-attacks that may occur on ships in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.158-159
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• 2023

With the development and state-of-the-art of ocean satellites, wide-area management of the waters around Korea has become possible. In particular, in the field of ship operation, as autonomous navigation technology based on artificial intelligence and big data is being developed, there is a need for additional analysis and observation through ocean satellite data.. Researches that can combine ship operation with ocean satellite data include ship detection based on ocean satellites and ship navigation assistance using marine weather forecasting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

Online exchange is a cost-effective approach to trade goods and information among multiple sellers and buyers. Shipping industry includes lots of global entities such as shippers, liners, ship owners and shipping agents. Marine insurance companies and ship repairers and many other groups are also supporting the industry. However, international shipping exchanges are located on few cities in the world. Its our motivation that a shipping market can be online so that market participants do the dealing while sitting where they are with more efficient manner, preferable price and larger pool of candidates of trading partners. This paper presents Korean governmental project of building a cyber shipping exchange. The exchange covers ship sale and purchase, charter, insurance, freight futures, repairs, supplying of ships oil and database service. The workflows of each business were analyzed and designed to fit for online environment. The project includes design of trading mechanism, online documents, data flow, data storage and security. Online match making and trading mechanisms such as auction, reverse auction, bid are used. The whole trading process involves multiple organizations and business processes. So, this Paper focuses on how each organization would play their roles so that users can complete transactions with integrated and transparent view. The online exchange selves also as maritime portal site that links to other sites for cooperation vertically or horizontally, and serves database and information in global perspective. This paper also issues and discusses the justification of an online shipping exchange

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2022

Efficient operation of ships can transport cargo to ports safer and faster, and reduce fuel costs. Therefore, in this study, the pattern was analyzed using AIS data of ships passing near Busan Port, a representative port in Korea. The analysis of vessel traffic patterns was approached with a grid-based node generation method, which can be used for research such as optimal route and route prediction.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2023

With the increase of interest in developing Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), an optimal ship route planning is gradually gaining popularity as one of the important subsystems for autonomy of modern marine vessels. In the present paper, an optimal ship route planning model for MASS is proposed using a nonlinear MPC approach together with a nonlinear MMG model. Results drawn from this study demonstrated that the optimization problem for the ship route was successfully solved with satisfaction of the nonlinear dynamics of the ship and all constraints for the state and manipulated variables using the nonlinear MPC approach. Given that a route generation system capable of accounting for nonlinear dynamics of the ship and equality/inequality constraints is essential for achieving fully autonomous navigation at sea, it is expected that this paper will contribute to the field of autonomous vehicles by demonstrating the performance of the proposed optimal ship route planning model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2022

External forces acting on the mooring facilities include wave, wind, current, and ship's kinetic energy. In particular, the ship's kinetic energy is changing as the ship become larger, and larger carrying capacity. It was intended to analyze the berthing velocity measurement data at on tanker terminals equipped with a DAS (Docking Aid System) through statistical means and algorithms and use it as basic data for safer and more efficient pier design and pilotage.