• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.527-534
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• 2019

Several types of mathematical analysis methods are used for port waterway risk assessment based on marine traffic volume. In Korea, a marine traffic congestion model that standardizes the size of the vessels passing through the port waterway is applied to evaluate the risk of the waterway. For example, when marine traffic congestion is high, risk situations such as collisions are likely to occur. However, a scientific review is required to determine if there is a correlation between high density of maritime traffic and a high risk of waterway incidents. In this study, IWRAP Mk2(IALA official recommendation evaluation model) and a marine traffic congestion model were used to analyze the correlation between port waterway risk and marine traffic congestion in the same area. As a result, the linear function of R2 was calculated as 0.943 and it was determined to be significant. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.971, indicating a strong positive correlation. It was confirmed that the port waterway risk and the marine traffic congestion have a strong correlation due to the influence of the common input variables of each model. It is expected that these results will be used in the development of advanced models for the prediction of port waterway risk assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.930-938
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• 2023

Maritime English is a specialized language system designed for ship operations, maritime safety, and external and internal communication onboard. According to the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), it is imperative that navigational officers engaged in international voyages have a thorough understanding of Maritime English including the use of Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP). This study measured students' proficiency in Maritime English using a learning and testing platform that includes voice recognition, translation, and word entry tasks to evaluate the resulting improvement in Maritime English exam scores. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate the level of platform use needed for cadets to qualify as junior navigators. The experiment began by examining the correlation between students' overall English skills and their proficiency in SMCP through an initial test, followed by the evaluation of improvements in their scores and changes in exam duration during the mid-term and final exams. The initial test revealed a significant dif erence in Maritime English test scores among groups based on individual factors, such as TOEIC scores and self-assessment of English ability, and both the mid-term and final tests confirmed substantial score improvements for the group using the platform. This study confirmed the efficacy of a learning platform that could be extensively applied in maritime education and potentially expanded beyond the scope of Maritime English education in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2018

Ballast water treated by sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) injection method in ballast water management system (BWMS) contains reactive bromine, chlorine species and disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing and ecological risk assessment (ERA) to investigate its ecotoxicological effects on the marine environment. WET testing was carried out for eight marine and fresh water organisms, i.e. diatom, Skeletonema costatum, Navicula pelliculosa, green algae, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, Brachionus calyciflorus and fish, Cyprinodon variegatus, Pimephales promelas. The WET test revealed that diatom and green algae were the only organisms that showed apparent toxicity to the effluent; it showed no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and effect concentration of 50 % (EC50) values of 25.0 %, 50.0 % and over 100.0 %, respectively, in seawater conditions. In contrast, rotifer and fish showed no toxicities to the effluent in the all salinity conditions. Meanwhile, chemical analysis revealed that the BWMS effluent contained total of 25 DBPs such as bromate, isocyanuric acid, formaldehyde, chloropicrin, trihalomethanes (THMs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs) and halogenated acetic acids (HAAs). Based on ERA, the 25 DBPs were not considered to have persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) properties. The ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of the all DBPs did not exceed 1.0 for general harbour environments, but isocyanuric acid, tribromomethane, chloropicrin and monochloroacetic acid exceed 1.0 for near ship environments. However, when NOEC (25.0%) of the WET test results where actual effluent was applied, it was concluded that the NaDCC injection method did not have unacceptable ecological risks to the general harbor including near ship environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2017

The primary objective of the current work was to develop a standardized retrofit hull form capable of saving energy based on existing vessels. The bow shape of existing vessels was investigated, giving consideration to design draft and speed. Resistance performances were assessed for existing vessels according to operating conditions. Commercial CFD codes and model test materials were used for assessment of effective power. Three retrofit hull forms with minimum resistance were selected given real operating conditions. These vessels were named after customized ready-made hull forms to enable ship owners to make easier choices. The effective power of each vessel was estimated under real operating conditions. Subjects were operated with the lowest draft, and performance for retrofit No. 3 showed an 11-16% improvement in effective power at low speed ranges of 16-18 knots compared to existing vessels. When operated with a middle draft, performance for retrofit No. 3 showed a 6-11% improvement in effective power at low speed ranges compared to existing vessels. When operated with the highest draft, performance for all vessels showed little difference in effective power.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

In the present maritime traffic conditions of mokpo harbor, there exists many hazardous factors which may lead to huge accidents including marine oil pollution We analyze marine traffic environments including traffic congestion, natural conditions, maritime traffic accidents of the last 10 years, the fishery status, operation of traffic routes and navigational aids of navigational aids and regulations relating ships' routeing both in and out of the country. Consequently, this work is to propose improved marine traffic system in future.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

Recently, many ships such as fishing boats, cargo ships, high speed ferry boats are visiting Mokpo harbor. In particular, many marine accidents rave been occurred at this area because of the narrow channel, a thick fog, the existing of the shallow waters etc. However there is no suitable ships' routeing system which takes account of today's traffic situations in this area. This study aims at the settling of hazardous factors to mitigate the danger to vessels in mokpo harbor and to secure the safety qf maritime environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.907-915
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• 2018

With the increase of metal usage in various industries, metal pollution and ecological toxicity in the environmental system have become a significant concern. A geo-statistical index has been widely used to determine contamination level with normalization through a background value. In this study, geo-statistical indexes such as an enrichment factor, accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index were used to assess metal pollution in soil at locations associated with shipbuilding manufacturing industries. Metal contamination, especially of Cu and Pb, was observed in some samples located closer to manufacturing sites. Enrichment factor and accumulation (IGEO) values were indicative of concerning levels of soil contamination in specific samples, and the soil contamination could be induced by anthropogenic sources. In further study, after more detailed sampling for soil and potential pollution sources, high interpretation techniques such as Pb isotope analysis and X-ray analysis will be needed to investigate source identification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.656-664
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• 2020

This study conducted a self-assessment survey on 50 evaluation items for students majoring nautical science who boarded H University training ships in order to ascertain the degree of improvement in their maritime ability according to the STCW agreement and training period. The trainees' maritime competence and basic understanding of maritime functions were evaluated, and an in-depth analysis was conducted to see how these have changed since their embarkation. The analysis showed a significant improvement in their understanding of maritime functions after the third evaluation in both the first and second semesters. The results also showed areas the trainees need to improve on for each semester's embarkation group, and an additional study plan is needed to make up for the lack of nautical skills in the training course. The result of analysis on the degree of improvement of maritime ability according to the training period of training ships derived from this study can be used for the reorganization of training ships and maritime college curriculum in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.737-743
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• 2021

In this paper, the current status of marine industrial facilities, regulatory legal systems, and emission status of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) in these facilities were analyzed, and the direction of improvement of the regulatory system was presented accordingly. As a result of the analysis, it is estimated that about 1,100 marine industrial facilities are subject to the Marine Environment Management Act of 2007. It is estimated that 190 kinds of hazardous substances are discharged from these marine industrial facilities and are highly likely to flow into the ocean, of which 20 are estimated to be discharged into the water system. However, due to the lack of relevant laws and regulation, it is difficult to clearly determine whether the discharged material corresponds to an exceptional discharged material, making it difficult to effectively enforce regulations in the field. For this reason, effective regulatory enforcement is difficult in the regulatory field. The marine environment management law should clearly stipulate the exceptional emission standards and types of substances, and clarify the selection system, risk assessment system, and emission information collection and monitoring system for related Hazardous and Noxious Substances.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.69-86
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• 2022

This study analyses the necessity of the large-size shipyard and explores competitiveness factors of it. Furthermore, the competitiveness is evaluated and the economic feasibility of building and operation of shipyard is examined. As a result of AHP analysis of the determining factors of the competitiveness of the repairing shipyard, the importance of the factors was found in the order of arrival and departure safety, repair technology, dock and wharf facilities, repair cost, repair period (on time delivery), and repair parts supply. Moving distance, repair service quality, repair parts supply, arrival and departure safety, repair technology, dock and quay wall facilities, and repair period (on time delivery) were identified as key factors in the AHP analysis for competitiveness of the Busan Port repair shipyard to be built in the future. As a result of the analysing economic feasibility, the net present value of the Busan Port repair shipyard construction and operation investment project was KRW 435.6 billion, and the internal rate of return was 9.8%, higher than the social discount rate (4.5%), and the cost-benefit ratio (B/C) was high at 1.167. As a result of the study, the necessity and economic feasibility of the Busan Port repair shipyard are sufficiently ensured, and the competitiveness assessment was highly positive.