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http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2018.24.2.203

A Study on Marine Ecological Risk Assessment of Ballast Water Management Technology Using the Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) Injection Method  

Kim, Tae Won (Marine Eco-Technology Institute)
Moon, Chang Ho (Pukyong National University)
Park, MiOk (Pukyong National University)
Jeon, MiHae (Pukyong National University)
Son, Min Ho (Marine Eco-Technology Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety / v.24, no.2, 2018 , pp. 203-214 More about this Journal
Abstract
Ballast water treated by sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) injection method in ballast water management system (BWMS) contains reactive bromine, chlorine species and disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing and ecological risk assessment (ERA) to investigate its ecotoxicological effects on the marine environment. WET testing was carried out for eight marine and fresh water organisms, i.e. diatom, Skeletonema costatum, Navicula pelliculosa, green algae, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, Brachionus calyciflorus and fish, Cyprinodon variegatus, Pimephales promelas. The WET test revealed that diatom and green algae were the only organisms that showed apparent toxicity to the effluent; it showed no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and effect concentration of 50 % (EC50) values of 25.0 %, 50.0 % and over 100.0 %, respectively, in seawater conditions. In contrast, rotifer and fish showed no toxicities to the effluent in the all salinity conditions. Meanwhile, chemical analysis revealed that the BWMS effluent contained total of 25 DBPs such as bromate, isocyanuric acid, formaldehyde, chloropicrin, trihalomethanes (THMs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs) and halogenated acetic acids (HAAs). Based on ERA, the 25 DBPs were not considered to have persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) properties. The ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of the all DBPs did not exceed 1.0 for general harbour environments, but isocyanuric acid, tribromomethane, chloropicrin and monochloroacetic acid exceed 1.0 for near ship environments. However, when NOEC (25.0%) of the WET test results where actual effluent was applied, it was concluded that the NaDCC injection method did not have unacceptable ecological risks to the general harbor including near ship environments.
Keywords
Ballast water management system; Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC); Whole effluent toxicity test; Ecological risk assessment; PEC/PNEC;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
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