• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and Congestive heart failure (CHF) are increasingly widespread, costly, deadly diseases and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study, we analyzed three statistical methods for automatic detection of AF and CHF based on the randomness, variability and complexity of the heart beat interval, which is RRI time series. Specifically, we used short RRI time series with 16 beats and employed the normalized root mean square of successive RR differences (RMSSD), the sample entropy and the Shannon entropy. The detection performance was analyzed using four large well documented databases, namely the MIT-BIH Atrial fibrillation (n=23), the MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm (n=18), the BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure (n=13) and the Congestive Heart Failure RRI databases (n=25). Using thresholds by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, we found that the normalized RMSSD provided the highest accuracy. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for AF and CHF were 0.8649, 0.9331 and 0.9104, respectively. Regarding CHF detection, the detection rate of CHF (NYHA III-IV) was 0.9113 while CHF (NYHA I-II) was 0.7312, which shows that the detection rate of CHF with higher severity is higher than that of CHF with lower severity. For the clinical 24 hour data (n=42), the overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for AF and CHF were 0.8809, 0.9406 and 0.9108, respectively, using normalized RMSSD.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2012

The paper presents the novel approach to solve some problems occurred in application of the genetic algorithm to the determination of the optimal tire pattern sequence in order to reduce the tire air-pumping noise which is generated by the repeated compression and expansion of the air cavity between tire pattern and road surface. The genetic algorithm has been used to find the optimal tire pattern sequence having a low level of tire air-pumping noise using the image based air-pumping model. In the genetic algorithm used in the previous researches, there are some problems in the encoding structure and the selection of objective function. The paper proposed single encoding element with five integers, divergent objective function based on evolutionary process and the optimal evolutionary rate based on Shannon entropy to solve the problems. The results of the proposed genetic algorithm with evolutionary process are compared with those of the randomized algorithm without evolutionary process on the two-dimensional normal distribution. It is confirmed that the genetic algorithm is more effective to reduce the peak value of the predicted tire air-pumping noise and the consistency and cohesion of the obtained simulation results are also improved in terms of probability.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2017

In this article, we proposed a new three-parameter distribution called generalized half-logistic Poisson distribution with a failure rate function that can be increasing, decreasing or upside-down bathtub-shaped depending on its parameters. The new model extends the half-logistic Poisson distribution and has exponentiated half-logistic as its limiting distribution. A comprehensive mathematical and statistical treatment of the new distribution is provided. We provide an explicit expression for the $r^{th}$ moment, moment generating function, Shannon entropy and $R{\acute{e}}nyi$ entropy. The model parameter estimation was conducted via a maximum likelihood method; in addition, the existence and uniqueness of maximum likelihood estimations are analyzed under potential conditions. Finally, an application of the new distribution to a real dataset shows the flexibility and potentiality of the proposed distribution.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

Anomaly detection systems playa significant role in protection mechanism against attacks launched on a network. The greatest challenge in designing systems detecting anomalous exploits is defining what to measure. Effective yet simple, Shannon entropy metrics have been successfully used to detect specific types of malicious traffic in a number of commercially available IDS's. We believe that Renyi entropy measures can also adequately describe the characteristics of a network as a whole as well as detect abnormal traces in the observed traffic. In addition, Renyi entropy metrics might boost sensitivity of the methods when disambiguating certain anomalous patterns. In this paper we describe our efforts to understand how Renyi mutual information can be applied to anomaly detection as an offline computation. An initial analysis has been performed to determine how well fast spreading worms (Slammer, Code Red, and Welchia) can be detected using our technique. We use both synthetic and real data audits to illustrate the potentials of our method and provide a tentative explanation of the results.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2014

해커들은 웹 사이트를 해킹 또는 경유 사이트를 운영하는 등 다양한 방법으로 목적을 달성하기 위한 해킹을 시도한다. 악성코드를 웹 사이트에 업로드하여 경유 사이트를 만드는 경우 해당 사이트에 접속하는 사용자는 좀비 PC가 되어 아이디와 패스워드 및 개인 정보가 대량 유출되고 해킹된 개인정보들은 다른 해킹 방법에 사용되고 있다. 기존의 탐지기법은 Snort rule을 사용하여 패턴을 IDS/IPS 장비에 입력하여 네트워크에서 패턴이 일치되면 탐지하는 기법으로 동작하고 있다. 하지만 입력된 패턴을 벗어난 공격을 하였을 경우 IDS/IPS 장비에서는 탐지하지 못하고 정상적인 행위로 간주하여 사용자 PC를 감염시킨다. 공격자는 패턴 탐지 방법의 취약점을 찾아 ShellCode를 진화시킨다. 진화된 ShellCode 공격에 대응하여 악의적인 공격을 탐지 및 대응할 수 있는 방법의 제시가 필요한 실정이다. 본 논문은 정보량 측정을 통한 ShellCode를 탐지하는 방법에 관한 연구이며, 기존의 보안 장비를 우회하여 사용자PC에 공격 시도를 탐지하는 방법을 제시한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2844-2861
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• 2023

Internet is the most prevailing word being used nowadays. Over the years, people are becoming more dependent on the internet as it makes their job easier. This became a part of everyone's life as a means of communication in almost every area like financial transactions, education, and personal-health operations. A lot of data is being converted to digital and made online. Many researchers have proposed different authentication factors - biometric and/or non-biometric authentication factors - as the first line of defense to secure online data. Among all those factors, passwords and passphrases are being used by many users around the world. However, the usability of these factors is low. Also, the passwords are easily susceptible to brute force and dictionary attacks. This paper proposes the generation of a novel passcode from the hybrid authentication factor - sound. The proposed passcode is evaluated for its strength to resist brute-force and dictionary attacks using the Shannon entropy and Passcode (or password) entropy formulae. Also, the passcode is evaluated for its usability. The entropy value of the proposed is 658.2. This is higher than that of other authentication factors. Like, for a 6-digit pin - the entropy value was 13.2, 101.4 for Password with Passphrase combined with Keystroke dynamics and 193 for fingerprint, and 30 for voice biometrics. The proposed novel passcode is far much better than other authentication factors when compared with their corresponding strength and usability values.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2016

In this paper we define a two parametric new generalized useful average code-word length $L_{\alpha}^{\beta}$(P;U) and its relationship with two parametric new generalized useful information measure $H_{\alpha}^{\beta}$(P;U) has been discussed. The lower and upper bound of $L_{\alpha}^{\beta}$(P;U), in terms of $H_{\alpha}^{\beta}$(P;U) are derived for a discrete noiseless channel. The measures defined in this communication are not only new but some well known measures are the particular cases of our proposed measures that already exist in the literature of useful information theory. The noiseless coding theorems for discrete channel proved in this paper are verified by considering Huffman and Shannon-Fano coding schemes on taking empirical data. Also we study the monotonic behavior of $H_{\alpha}^{\beta}$(P;U) with respect to parameters ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$. The important properties of $H_{{\alpha}}^{{\beta}}$(P;U) have also been studied.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.109-112
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• 2001

영상분할에 있어서 최적의 임계치를 구하는 것은 영상을 구성하고 있는 픽셀들을 의미있는 집단으로 나누는 거와 같으며 이를 위하여 퍼지화 정도를 측정하여 최소의 퍼지화 정도를 갖는 임계치를 최적의 임계치로 설정한다. 일반적으로 소속도는 하나의 픽셀과 그 픽셀이 속한 영역의 관계로 표현될 수 있는데 소속도 계산을 위한 엔트로피로 샤논(Shannon)함수를 사용한다[1]. Liang-Kai Huang에 의하여 제안된 알고리즘은 그 수렴속도 면에 있어서 많은 문제점을 갖고 있다[2]. 본 논문에서는 이런 수렴속도를 좀더 개선하기 위하여 SPOI(Simplified Fixed Point Iteration)를 제안하고 여러 가지 실험영상을 사용하여 졔안된 논문의 우수성을 보이고자 한다. 실험결과 적절한 임계치를 구하면서도 기존의 논문보다 속도면에서 상당히 우수한 특성을 보이고 있다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1980

C.E.Shannon에 의하여 정보이론의 기초가 확립된 이래 각국언어에 대한 많은 연구가 발표되고 있다. 마찬가지로 한글 element(요소)를 정보공학에 적용하기 위해서는 한글 정보원을 구성하는 모든 element(요소)에 대한 확률이 적용되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 그간 누락된 Space(공백소)가 포함되었을 때의 엔트로피(entropy)와 리던던시(redundancy)를 고려하였다. 따라서 본 결과는 기존 각종 한글 정보처리장치의 재평가 및 새로운 정보장치의 코-드(code)화에 있어서 수요한 자료로서 사용될 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.152-152
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• 2021

The importance of groundwater has long been recognized, but the ground water potential to become contaminated as a result of human activities has only been recognized in recently. Before 1980 it was thought that soils served as filters, preventing harmful substances deposited at the surface from migrating into groundwater. Today it is known that soils have a finite capacity to protect groundwater. It can be contaminated from divers sources. Therefore, Assessment of aquifer vulnerability to pollution is essential for the protection and management of groundwater and land use planning. In this study, we used DRASTIC and AVI for groundwater vulnerability to contamination assessment. the different methods were applied to the southern coastal sedimentary basin of Benin and DRASTIC method was modified in two different steps. First, we modified DRASTIC by adding land use parameter to include the actual pollution sources (DRASTIC_LcLu) and second, classic DRASTIC weights was modified using Shannon's entropy (Entropy weight DRASTIC). The reliability of the applied approaches was verified using nitrate (NO3^-) concentration and by comparing the overall vulnerability maps to the previous researches in the study area and in the world. The results from validation showed that the addition of landcover/land use parameter to the classic DRASTIC helps to improve the method for better definition of the vulnerable areas in the basin and also, the weight modification using entropy improved better the method because Entropy weight DRASTIC_LcLu showed the highest correlation with nitrate concentration in the study basin. In summary the weight modification using entropy approach reduced the uncertainty of the human subjectivity in assigning weights and ratings in the standard DRASTIC.