• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2001

The extraction efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol were optimal at 80$^{\circ}C$ with soxhlet method. The extraction efficiencies increased up to 45$^{\circ}C$ with shaking method. Amounts of panaxynol and panaxydol were determined by gas chromatography. Extracted quantities of panaxynol and panaxydol using the shaking method increased over a period of 14 hours. The efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol extraction by soxhlet and shaking methods were higher for smaller particle sizes. Upon water swelling treatment, extraction efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol decreased gradually with time for both methods.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2012

The ISO document of ISO/TC/190/SC3/WG11/N11 is a working draft of international standard (WD) dealing with analytical method for the determination of explosives and related compounds using high performance liquid chromatography. The scope of this WD covers the storage of samples, preparing test portion, extraction and instrumentation. The main purpose of this study was to improve the extraction conditions which were already adopted in the WD. For this purpose, mechanical shaking method could be corresponded up to 18 hours of ultrasonic bath extraction in the WD was tested. Methanol was also tested with the intention of being added as an extracting solvent other than acetonitrile in the WD. According to the results, 16 hours of mechanical shaking method showed statistically the same effectiveness as that of 18 hours of ultrasonic bath extraction. In case of extracting solvent, methanol also showed statistically the same extraction capability as acetonitrile for DNB, TNT, 2-A-DNT and 2,4-DNT. However, the recovery rate of TNB with methanol extraction was 40% higher than that of acetonitrile extraction. Through adding mechanical shaking method into committee draft (cf. the next stage draft of the WD during the process for making international standard), ISO standard of analyzing explosives and related compounds in soil would become more useful in dealing with huge number of field samples in the laboratory. In other aspect, adopting methanol as an alternative extracting solvent would be very effective in the terms of exchangeability with GC-ECD/MS method which is being developed by German experts.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2001

The extraction of panaxynol and panaxydol from Korean ginseng was found to be op-timal at 55$^{\circ}C$ for the shaking method, 80$^{\circ}C$ for the soxhlet method, and 65$^{\circ}C$ for the supercritical extraction method. The amount of extracted panaxydol and panaxynol, and their increased over a period of 12 h with the shaking method. The soxhlet method produced an extract with the largest panaxydol/panaxynol ratio. A reduced particle size enhanced extraction, however the ration of panaxydol/panaxynol decreased. Swelling in water was found to be detrimental for the extrac-tion of panaxydol and panaxynol.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.493-496
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• 2000

The extraction efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol according to extraction temperature were the highest at $80^{cdot}C$ among 65, 80, $95^{cdot}C$ with soxhlet and increased with shaking method when temperature increased from $25^{cdot}C$ to $45^{cdot}C$. The amounts of panaxynol and panaxydol were determined by gas chromatography. In time dependence of extracted amounts of panaxynol and panaxydol using shaking method, the efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol were increased during 12 hour. The effect of water swelling on panaxynol and panaxydol extraction efficiency using soxhlet and shaking methods, the efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol were decreased as swelling time was increased.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제10B권5호
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• pp.527-534
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• 2003

An active contour model called snake is powerful tool for object contour extraction. But, conventional snakes require exhaustive computing time, sometimes can´t extract complex shape contours due to the properties of energy function, and are also heavily dependent on the position and the shape of an initial snake. To solving these problems, we propose in this paper an improved snake called "shaking snake", based on a greedy algorithm. A shaking snake consist of two steps. According to their appropriateness, we in the first step move each points directly to locations where contours are likely to be located. In the second step, we then align some snake points with a tolerable bound in order to prevent local minima. These processes shake the proposed snake. In the experimental results, we show the process of shaking the proposed shake and comparable performance with a greedy snake. The proposed snake can extract complex shape contours very accurately and run fast, approximately by the factor of five times, than a greedy snake.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 오염토양내 석유계 총탄화수소를 분석하기 위한 추출방법을 비교하였다. 사용된 토양은 사질양토였으며 석유계 총탄화수소로는 디젤오일을 선정하였다. 토양내 디젤오일의 오염농도는 건조질량기준으로 100, 10,000, 50,000mgTPH/kg이었다. 오염토양내 석유계 총탄화수소를 추출하는데 있어서 진탕교반에 의한 추출법이 속시렛장치를 이용한 추출법보다 전반적으로 높은 회수율을 보였다. 진탕교반추출법에서 시료와 용매의 비율을 1 : 5(w/v)로 하여 2시간 동안 진탕교반하였을 때 석유계 총탄화수소의 회수율이 가장 높았다. 동일조건에서 100mg/kg과 50,000mg/kg으로 오염된 토양을 진탕교반추출한 경우 각각 95.9%와 95.5%의 회수율을 보였다. 사용된 용매의 손실량을 측정해 본 결과 진탕추출법이 속시렛추출법에서 보다 손실량이 적었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2014

Various parameters such as solvent selection, concentration, solid/liquid ratio, soaking time, temperature, stationary, shaking conditions, and repeated extractions were investigated in order to determine the optimum extraction conditions of ${\beta}$-glucosidase from bagasse fermented by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger NRC 7A and Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 447. Among various solvents tested, non ionic detergents gave the best results than the inorganic or organic salt solutions and distilled water. The optimum conditions for extraction of ${\beta}$-glucosidase were 30 min soaking time at $40^{\circ}C$ under shaking condition at 150 rpm, with solid/liquid ratio 1:15 (w/v), which yielded $2882.74{\pm}95.52U/g$ fermented culture (g fc) of enzyme activity. With repeated washes under the above optimum conditions, the results showed that enzyme extracted in the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ washes represents about 90% of the total activity.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.794-799
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• 2008

초음파처리가 십자화과 채소의 sulforaphane 함량 분석에 미치는 영향을 GC/MS를 이용하여 검토하였다. 무, 알타리무, 순무, 양배추, 브로콜리를 각각 dichloromethane을 추출용매로 하여 초음파처리 후 용매 추출 및 질소 농축을 하고, m/z 72, 160, 55, 114을 선택이온측정법(selective ion monitoring, SIM)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 각 채소류의 sulforaphane 함량은 브로콜리가 149.0 ppm으로 가장 많았으며, 양배추(67.9 ppm), 무(35.4 ppm)의 순으로 높았다. Sulforaphane 추출율은 진탕교반(shaking)만 할 경우보다 초음파처리(sonication)후 진탕교반(shaking)을 할 경우 2.7배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 초음파추출공정이 sulforaphane의 추출효율 향상에 유효한 방법으로 판단된다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2010

노니($Morinda$ $citrifolia$) 부정근의 주요 성분인 rubiadin은 간 보호 효과가 있어 제약산업에서 높은 가치가 있다. 노니 부정근의 주요 유효성분인 rubiadin의 효율적인 추출조건을 규명하고자 용매 종류, 물과 메탄올의 비율(물, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%), 추출시간 및 추출방법을 달리하여 추출하였다. 노니 부정근에서의 rubiadin의 함량분석은 HPLC 이용 분석조건을 확립하였으며, C-18 컬럼을 사용하여 280nm에서 메탄올과 물로 농도구배를 주어 분석하였다. 용매별 추출효율은 메탄올(0.08%) > 에탄올(0.05%) > 아세토니트릴(0.03%) > 아세톤(0.02%) 및 메틸렌클로라이드(0.02%) 순으로 증가하였다. 메탄올에 물의 혼합 비율을 달리하여 초음파 추출기로 1시간 동안 추출한 결과 60% 메탄올(0.21%) > 80% 메탄올(0.13%) > 100% 메탄올(0.07%) 및 40% 메탄올(0.07%) 순으로 효과적이었으며, 환류냉각 추출기로 2시간 동안 추출한 결과 60% 메탄올(0.21%) > 40% 메탄올(0.17%) > 80% 메탄올(0.14%) 용매처리구 순으로 효율이 좋았다. 추출방법 및 추출시간에 따른 rubiadin의 추출 효율을 비교하기 위해 환류냉각추출 및 초음파추출, 진탕추출법으로 추출하였다. 추출방법 및 추출시간에 따른 rubiadin의 추출효율은 초음파추출 및 진탕추출에서 각각 8 및 24시간 동안 추출했을 때 효율적이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.384-390
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• 2009

유자씨 추출물의 항산화성분 및 항산화활성에 대한 최적 추출조건을 선정하기 위하여 추출온도($30{\sim}70^{\circ}C;\;X_1$), 추출시간($1{\sim}5$시간; $X_2$) 및 교반속도($200{\sim}600rpm;\;X_3$)를 독립 변수로 추출된 추출물의 추출수율, 총 polyphenol 함량, DPPH radical 소거활성 및 아질산염소거활성을 측정하였다. 추출수율의 최적조건은 추출온도, 추출시간 및 교반속도 각각 $50.23^{\circ}C$, 3.03시간, 400.06 rpm으로 최대 20.23%로 예측 되었으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량의 최적조건은 $49.88^{\circ}C$, 2.72시간 및 400.39 rpm으로 최대 4.37 mg/g으로 예측되었다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 각각 $50.28^{\circ}C$, 3.42시간 및 399.96 rpm으로 최대 49.69%로 예측되었으며, 아질산염소거활성은 추출온도, 추출시간 및 교반속도 각각 $49.19^{\circ}C$, 0.68시간 및 602.95 rpm으로 최대 47.79%로 예측되었다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 유자씨 추출물의 항산화활성을 위한 최적 조건은 추출온도, 추출시간 및 교반속도가 각각 $50^{\circ}C$, 3시간, 400 rpm로 결정하였으며, 이 조건에서 추출물을 제조하여 추출 수율, 총 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH radical 소거활성 및 아질산 염소거활성을 측정한 결과 각각 20.31%, 4.22 mg/g, 49.54% 및 44.30%로 나타났다.