• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.80-88
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• 2008

In this paper, the block cipher algorithms, 3-DES(Triple Data Encryption Standard), AES(Advanced Encryption Standard), SEED, HASH(SHA-1), which are domestic and international standards, have been implemented as an integrated cryptographic engine for smart card applications. For small area and low power design which are essential requirements for portable devices, arithmetic resources are shared for iteration steps in each algorithm, and a two-level clock gating technique was used to reduce the dynamic power consumption. The integrated cryptographic engine was verified with ALTERA Excalbur EPXA10F1020C device, requiring 7,729 LEs(Logic Elements) and 512 Bytes ROM, and its maximum clock speed was 24.83 MHz. When designed by using Samsung 0.18 um STD130 standard cell library, the engine consisted of 44,452 gates and had up to 50 MHz operation clock speed. It was estimated to consume 2.96 mW, 3.03 mW, 2.63 mW, 7.06 mW power at 3-DES, AES, SEED, SHA-1 modes respectively when operating at 25 MHz clock. We found that it has better area-power optimized structure than other existing designs for smart cards and various embedded security systems.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.396-401
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was the development of adsorbents for the refining of edible oil using agricultural byproducts such as rice hull, barley hull, and soybean hull as well as evaluation of their adsorptive effects against free fatty acids and lutein, the major impurities of soybean oil. Ash-type and carbon-type adsorbents were produced from the hulls. Ash-type adsorbents such as rice hull ash (RHA), barley hull ash (BHA) and soybean hull ash (SHA) were effective for the removal of free fatty acids; the acid value of degummed soybean oil was decreased by 86% upon treatment with 5% SHA. However, carbon-type adsorbents such as rice hull carbon (RHC), barley hull carbon (BHC), and soybean hull carbon (SHC) were effective for removing lutein, resulting in a 52% decrease in the lutein content of degummed soybean oil upon treatment with 5% SHC. Whereas ash-type adsorbents were composed of mesopores or macropores with small surface areas and total pore volume, carbon-type adsorbents were mainly composed of micropores with large surface areas and total pore volume.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.951-954
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• 2002

This paper presents the implementation of hash functions for IPSEC chip. There is an increasing interest in high-speed cryptographic accelerators for IPSec applications such as VPNs (virtual private networks). Because diverse algorithms are used in Internet, various hash algorithms are required for IPSec chip. Therefore, we implemented SHA-1, HAS-160 and MD5 in one chip. These hash algorithms are designed to reduce the number of gates. SHA-1 module is combined with HAS-160 module. As the result, the required logic elements are reduced by 27%. These hash algorithms have been implemented using Altera's EP20K1000EBC652-3 with PCI bus interface.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1391-1404
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• 2016

Peninsular Malaysia lying on the stable Sunda Plate has traditionally been considered safe with low to moderate seismicity. However, far field Sumatran mega-earthquakes have been shown to be capable of triggering ground motions felt in high rise structures in the major Malaysian cities while seismic impact from local earthquakes of moment magnitude 3.8 have reportedly induced nominal structural damages to nearby buildings. This paper presents an overview of the recent seismic activities in and around Peninsular Malaysia with reference to prominent earthquakes generated by far field interplate and local intraplate sources. Records of ground motion data and seismic hazard assessment (SHA) results available in the literature have been analyzed and discussed. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) values from historical records for few local intraplate events were observed to be higher than those for the events from Sumatran Subduction Zone. This clearly points to the need for a detailed and comprehensive SHA incorporating both far field and local sources. Such an analysis would contribute the knowledge required for secure and reliable infrastructure design and safeguard the Malaysian people and economy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2011

A 50-MS/s 10-bit pipelined ADC with 1.2Vpp differential input range is proposed in this paper. The designed pipelined ADC consists of eight stage of 1.5bit/stage, one stage of 2bit/stage, digital error correction block, bias & reference driver, and clock generator. 1.5bit/stage is consists of sub-ADC, DAC and gain stage, Specially, a sample-and hold amplifier (SHA) is removed in the designed pipelined ADC to reduce the hardware and power consumption. Also, the proposed bootstrapped switch improves the Linearity of the input analog switch and the dynamic performance of the total ADC. The reference voltage was driven by using the on-chip reference driver without external reference. The proposed pipelined ADC was designed by using a 0.18um 1-poly 5-metal CMOS process with 1.8V supply. The total area including the power decoupling capacitor and power consumption are $0.95mm^2$ and 60mW, respectively. Also, the simulation result shows the ENOB of 9.3-bit at the Nyquist sampling rate.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

This work describes a 13b 100 MS/s 0.13 um CMOS four-stage pipeline ADC for 3G communication systems. The proposed SHA-free ADC employs a range-scaling technique based on switched-capacitor circuits to properly handle a wide input range of $2V_{P-P}$ using a single on-chip reference of $1V_{P-P}$. The proposed range scaling makes the reference buffers keep a sufficient voltage headroom and doubles the offset tolerance of a latched comparator in the flash ADC1 with a doubled input range. A two-step reference selection technique in the back-end 5b flash ADC reduces both power dissipation and chip area by 50%. The prototype ADC in a 0.13 um CMOS demonstrates the measured differential and integral nonlinearities within 0.57 LSB and 0.99 LSB, respectively. The ADC shows a maximum signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 64.6 dB and a maximum spurious-free dynamic range of 74.0 dB at 100 MS/s, respectively. The ADC with an active die area of 1.2 $mm^2$ consumes 145.6 mW including high-speed reference buffers and 91 mW excluding buffers at 100 MS/s and a 1.3 V supply voltage.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3 s.113
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• pp.361-371
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• 2005

The objective of study was to diagnose integrative ecological health of Daejeon Stream, one of the tributaries of Guem River, during May 2004 ${\sim}$ April 2005. The research approach was primarily based on a Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) and the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using fish assemblage. These outcomes were compared with conventional chemical dataset. For the experiment, four sampling sites were chosen from Daejeon Stream and long-term water quality data during 1995 ${\sim}$ 2004 (obtained from the Ministry of Environment) were analyzed in the spatial and temporal aspects. For the biological health assessment, we developed a stream health assessment model (SHA model) far regional applications. We found that current water quality conditions, based on the COD, BOD, TN and TP, were enhanced by 1.6 ${\sim}$ 5.3 fold over the period of 1995 ${\sim}$ 2004 and that the parameters showed a typical longitudinal decline from the upstream to downstream reach. The differences of water quality between the two reaches were more than 4.4 times, indicating a large spatial variations within the stream. The health conditions, based on the SHA model, averaged 23 and varied from 20 to 26 depending on the sampling stations. Values of the QHEI varied from 39 (Poor condition) to 124 (Cood condition)and values of QHEI in the reach of S2 ${\sim}$ S4 had significantly lower than in the headwater site (S1). Also, biological stream health, based on the criteria of US EPA (1993), was judged as 'Poor condition', in the S4 where TN, TP, BOD and COD were highest. In the meantime, maximum value of SHA (26) was found in the upstream reach (S1) where the water quality and QHEI were best. We also found that compositions of sensitive species showed a linear function with water quality conditions and this pattern was evident in the tolerant species. Thus, the biological stream health, based on the SHA model, matched well water chemistry. Overall outcomes suggest that the biological health impact was a function of chemical degradation and physical habitat quality in the stream.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

Objectives: The object of this study is to observe the possible ameliorating effects of Nokyongdaebo-tang (NYDBT) on the experimental subacute hemorrhagic anemia (SHA) in rats. Methods: In the present study, SHA in rats was induced by exsanguinations from orbital plexus, and ameliorating effects of NYDBT was observed based on the changes of body and hematopoietic organ (spleen, liver and femur) weights, red blood cell (RBC) related hematological values, smear cytology, histopathological changes and immunohistochemistrical analysis of hematopoietic stem cells in the femur bone marrow, liver and spleen. In addition, the gastrointestinal motility and the surface mucosa thicknesses of remnant fecal pellets in the colon lumen, mucosa thicknesses and the mucous producing cell numbers in the colonic mucosa were analyzed to observe the digestive disorders, especially on the constipation, the major discomfort problems in iron supplement. Results: SHA related abnormal anemic signs were markedly and dose-dependently inhibited by oral administration of NYDBT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg in a condition of this experiment. In addition, no meaningful changes on the gastrointestinal motilities and mucous component on the colon and remnant feces were noticed in all three different dosages of NYDBT treated rats as compared with intact vehicle and SHA control rats in this study. Conclusions: It, therefore, is expected that NYDBT will be promising as a novel alternative hematopoietic and therapeutic agent for anemia.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.571-573
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• 1992

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

Hash function is a cryptographic primitive which conduct authentication, signature and data integrity. Recently, Wang et al. found collision of standard hash function such as MD5, SHA-1. For that reason, National Security Research Institute in Korea suggests a secure structure and efficient hash function, LSH. LSH consists of three steps, initialization, compression, finalization and computes hash value using addition in modulo $2^W$, bit-wise substitution, word-wise substitution and bit-wise XOR. These operation is parallelizable because each step is independently conducted at the same time. In this paper, we analyse LSH structure and implement it over SIMD-SSE, AVX and demonstrate the superiority of LSH.