• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2016

Purpose: This is the ex-post evaluation on "the Central General Hospital in Quang Nam Province in Vietnam" funded by Korean ODA. Through this evaluation, this study tries to explore useful ways to improve the effectiveness of Korean ODA projects related to hospital establishment. Methods: Field survey and analysis of questionaire to the staffs and patients of Quang Nam Province General Hospital were conducted twice in 2012 and 2014 after the completion of the Hospital. Two sets of surveys and questionaire outcomes have been comparatively analysed by statistics in order to seek the trend of satisfaction level of hospital users and find out the improvement way in hospital design and construction. Results: The satisfaction level on the hospital was relatively high and that of 2014 is higher than that of 2012. The satisfaction level of the users was recorded in Likert 5 scales. Continuous facility complement and maintenance is considered as the main contributor in increasing the satisfaction level of users. As far as the satisfaction level of outpatient is concerned, that of 2012 was recorded as 3.65 and that of 2014 was 4.05. In case of inpatient, the satisfaction level on the hospital in 2012 was 3.76, and 4.06 in 2014. Implications: In overseas hospital projects, proper hospital project management system including medical service plan, strategic plan, brief, design & construction and maintenance have to be put together effectively and efficiently for the success of the hospital project. At the same time local climate, culture, building material and local code have to be considered in order to build sustainable hospital.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.8-17
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• 2006

Presented in this paper was to evaluate and improve the usability of a web-based logistics information system. The system was developed for the domestic company to track and monitor its own transportation vehicles and for the customers to check the current location of their packages by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Short Massage Service (SMS). Since the initial system was developed under a tight schedule set by the company, the system designers and programmers did not focus on the usability of the system but on the functionality. Consequently, some usability problems of the system were discovered during the heuristic usability evaluation. This study was required to solve these usability issues. Usability problems of the initial system were identified and analyzed, and the user's requirements for the system were re-evaluated to meet the company's expectation. Several alternative designs were developed by fitted guidelines and then a updated system was developed. The updated system had an empirical usability test to find how much the initial system was improved from the heuristic evaluation. Two kinds of data were gathered during the tests: objective (completion time and number of errors) and subjects' preference. Data showed the updated system is better than the initial system in terms of usability. Presented in this paper includes introduction of the Usability evaluation, usability engineering process applied in this research, alternative design of GUI, usability test and results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1675-1683
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• 2018

This paper is a study on modeling of an NFC antenna to be inserted into a steel pallet for conveying selected good products through a vision system to a threaded screw from CNC equipment. The CNC equipment used here incorporates the information communication technology (ICT) corresponding to the Internet of Things (IoT), and the smart factory system technology that produces information by exchanging information freely in two directions by connecting the POP corresponding to the service Internet is evolved Equipment. Therefore, it is possible to collect position information on the threaded workpiece by applying NFC antenna designed considering iron pallet used for material management so as to grasp estimated completion time and actual production amount according to production instruction from existing analog type equipment to POP monitoring system And investigated its characteristics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.681-691
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to construct a digital archive system by analyzing the collections of the Korean Christian Museum at S University, which has a large number of materials related to Korean Christianity published in the modern period from the time of Korea's enlightenment until liberation. In order to construct a digital archive system, indexes and metadata for the collection are complied according to the pre-defined format. After digitizing the selected collection, a database is built using metadata information, and the actual system is divided into a web standard-based management system and a user service system. Also a content-based search system is constructed, which provides the matching value of retrieval results in units of one character and an automatic search term completion function to enhance user convenience. Therefore, collections in the museum, which are difficult to access the original text, are digitized and provided so that they can be easily used, laying the foundation for the long-term development of humanities contents for improving the accessibility and availability of collections for both researchers and the public.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.24.1-24.13
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of an alkasite restorative material in molars that had undergone root canal treatment. Materials and Methods: The research was registered in Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials. The randomized clinical trial involved 33 patients, each with at least 1 mandibular molar requiring restoration after receiving endodontic treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either bulk-fill resin composite (Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) or the alkasite restorative material (Cention N, Ivoclar Vivadent). Upon completion of the restorations, 3 calibrated professionals utilized the United States Public Health Service criteria to assess various factors, including retention, secondary caries, marginal adaptation, restoration color, marginal pigmentation, and anatomical form. Evaluations were conducted at intervals of 7 days, 6 months, and 17 months. Additionally, the assessment encompassed the presence of radiolucent lines adjacent to the restoration, material deficiencies or excess, contact points, and caries recurrence. The data underwent analysis using the Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). Results: After 17 months, the results revealed that the alkasite restorative material exhibited greater wear of anatomical shape compared to the bulk-fill resin composite (p = 0.0189). Furthermore, the alkasite restorative material significantly differed from the natural tooth color in most cases (p = 0.0000). However, no other criteria displayed significant differences between the materials or over time (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The alkasite restorative material (Cention N) emerges as a viable option for restoring endodontically treated teeth, displaying clinically acceptable alterations after a 17-month evaluation period.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2012

New generation of tall and complex buildings systems are now introduced that are reflective of the latest development in materials, design, sustainability, construction, and IT technologies. While the complexity in design is being overcome by the availability and advances in structural analysis tools and readily advanced software, the design of these buildings are still reliant on minimum code requirements that yet to be validated in full scale. The involvement of the author in the design and construction planning of Burj Khalifa since its inception until its completion prompted the author to conceptually develop an extensive survey and real-time structural health monitoring program to validate all the fundamental assumptions mad for the design and construction planning of the tower. The Burj Khalifa Project is the tallest structure ever built by man; the tower is 828 meters tall and comprises of 162 floors above grade and 3 basement levels. Early integration of aerodynamic shaping and wind engineering played a major role in the architectural massing and design of this multi-use tower, where mitigating and taming the dynamic wind effects was one of the most important design criteria established at the onset of the project design. Understanding the structural and foundation system behaviors of the tower are the key fundamental drivers for the development and execution of a state-of-the-art survey and structural health monitoring (SHM) programs. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to discuss the execution of the survey and real-time structural health monitoring programs to confirm the structural behavioral response of the tower during construction stage and during its service life; the monitoring programs included 1) monitoring the tower's foundation system, 2) monitoring the foundation settlement, 3) measuring the strains of the tower vertical elements, 4) measuring the wall and column vertical shortening due to elastic, shrinkage and creep effects, 5) measuring the lateral displacement of the tower under its own gravity loads (including asymmetrical effects) resulting from immediate elastic and long term creep effects, 6) measuring the building lateral movements and dynamic characteristic in real time during construction, 7) measuring the building displacements, accelerations, dynamic characteristics, and structural behavior in real time under building permanent conditions, 8) and monitoring the Pinnacle dynamic behavior and fatigue characteristics. This extensive SHM program has resulted in extensive insight into the structural response of the tower, allowed control the construction process, allowed for the evaluation of the structural response in effective and immediate manner and it allowed for immediate correlation between the measured and the predicted behavior. The survey and SHM programs developed for Burj Khalifa will with no doubt pioneer the use of new survey techniques and the execution of new SHM program concepts as part of the fundamental design of building structures. Moreover, this survey and SHM programs will be benchmarked as a model for the development of future generation of SHM programs for all critical and essential facilities, however, but with much improved devices and technologies, which are now being considered by the author for another tall and complex building development, that is presently under construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.102-112
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• 2001

It has been passed $5\~6$ years since Construction Management introduced in Korea, but a few government projects have been presented as CM instances. We performed CM service, on behalf of the foreign Client, in the Insa-dong construction, I-Project. Even though there were many limits in cost, time and other aspects, we have attained satisfaction of the Client and successful businesses of all the construction parties as adopting the advanced management methods. Many advanced construction methods have been applied for the purpose of time reduce, cost save and quality assurance as well as to the webbased project management has been imported to overcome the limits of time and place. They have actualized to increase the productivity of the project by managing the floor to floor cycle and quality systemically pursuant to ISO 9002, and by adopting Real-name construction and completion system (or individual activity. While carrying out this project, it is possible to establish mutual reliability and understanding enable to resolve the issues occurring in the early stage due to insufficient understanding of CM, lack of communications and team work, indistinct work scope through continuos training and conferences. Additionally, we became to share business targets among the parties and promoted the project in confidence. We wish that the success of I- project to be rated as a standard model of CM in Korea.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1994

This paper describes scheduling algorithms of the UNIX operating system and shows an analytical approach to approximate the average conditional response time for a process in the UNIX operating system. The average conditional response time is the average time between the submittal of a process requiring a certain amount of the CPU time and the completion of the process. The process scheduling algorithms in thr UNIX system are based on the priority service disciplines. That is, the behavior of a process is governed by the UNIX process schuduling algorithms that (ⅰ) the time-shared computer usage is obtained by allotting each request a quantum until it completes its required CPU time, (ⅱ) the nonpreemptive switching in system mode and the preemptive switching in user mode are applied to determine the quantum, (ⅲ) the first-come-first-serve discipline is applied within the same priority level, and (ⅳ) after completing an allotted quantum the process is placed at the end of either the runnable queue corresponding to its priority or the disk queue where it sleeps. These process scheduling algorithms create the round-robin effect in user mode. Using the round-robin effect and the preemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in user mode. Using the nonpreemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in system mode. We also consider a process delay due to the disk input and output operations. The average conditional response time is then obtained by approximating the total process delay. The results show an excellent response time for the processes requiring system time at the expense of the processes requiring user time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2017

The role of a track subgrade is to provide bearing capacity and distribute load transferred to lower foundation soils. Track subgrade soils are usually compacted by heavy mechanical machines in the field, such that sometimes they are attributed to progressive residual settlement during the service after construction completion of the railway track. The progressive residual settlement generated in the upper part of a track subgrade is mostly non-recoverable plastic deformation, which causes unstable conditions such as track irregularity. Nonetheless, up to now no design code for allowable residual settlement of subgrade in a railway trackbed has been proposed based on mechanical testing, such as repetitive triaxial testing. At this time, to check the DOC or stiffness of the soil, field test criteria for compacted track subgrade are composed of data from RPBT and field compaction testing. However, the field test criteria do not provide critical design values obtained from mechanical test results that can offer correct information about allowable permanent deformation. In this study, a test procedure is proposed for permanent deformation of compacted subgrade soil that is used usually in railway trackbed in the laboratory using repetitive triaxial testing. To develop the test procedure, an FEA was performed to obtain the shear stress ratio (${\tau}/{\tau}_f$) and the confining stress (${\sigma}_3$) on the top of the subgrade. Comprehensive repetitive triaxial tests were performed using the proposed test procedure on several field subgrade soils obtained in construction sites of railway trackbeds. A permanent deformation model was proposed using the test results for the railway track.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.139-150
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• 1998

Due to development of science and telecommunication with wide-spread computer supply, it could be done through computer automatically instead of manpower-work for paper transportation & paper approval. It is developed to so-called Factory Automation. Further, it is developed to Office Automation. Trading companies & concerned trade authorities are interested in Trade Automation that such technique is applied to trade work. Generally, Trade Automation means to realize paperless trade by exchanging electronic papers through inter-computers after concerned trade operators transformed various papers to electronic papers that computer could read. In case Trade Automation fix in the trade business, it is expected one of innovations among traditional paper work of trade business, namely without going import-export authorities, Customs office, Banks. Shipping companies, Marine insurance companies on hand-carrying papers, it could be fast, simple, correct to finish every trade procedures such as commercial business, foreign currency, customs clearance, transportations, insurance. terms of payment, etc., with Electronic Data Interchange through computer facilities. Especially, telecommunication for trade form could be helpful to proceed trade paper with one-run-method Further we can anticipate 6 effects for Trade Automation as belows : First, as explained just above articles, with completion for Trade Automation, every trade procedures can be done by computer. so, time to work can be diminished. namely. logistics cost including accessory costs for trade procedures can be saved much. Second, viewing to private enterprise, effect of Office Automation can be maximized and rapid, correct exchange for various trade informations could raise efficiency of enterprise management establishing rational production, storage, transportation and could raise competition improving standard for consumers's service. Third, establishing Trade Automation systems makes it easier piling-up of harbor cargo by pre-transmission of electronic paper & trade informations make it possible to finish customs clearance in advance and can be dispatched upon cargo arrival. Fourth, most of concerned trade authorities such as import-export approval office. financial authorities, transport & insurance companies concentrated in Metropolitan area(Seoul, In -Cheon, Kyung-Ki). Therefore, in case Trade Automation could be realized. it is possible to proceed trade business instantly in every country area by computer facilities. Also. it contribute well-balanced development for suburb. region area by suburb dispersion of trading companies. Fifth, on the way to Trade Automation establishment & its enlargement process. producing enormous demand for over-all telecommunication such as hardware. software. network makes opportunity to progress telecommunication industry & concerned industries. Finally. Trade Automation accelerate change of employment structure leading unnecessary labors on the industries of office & logistics to manufacturing area.