• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2016

Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, edema, and infiltration with various inflammatory cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, isolated from Sargassum muticum, have been described in many diseases, but the mechanism by which it modulates the immune system is poorly understood. In this study, the ability of Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone to suppress allergic reactions was investigated using a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. The Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone-treated group showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin E in serum. Also, Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone treatment resulted in a smaller lymph node size with reduced the thickness and length compared to the induction group. In addition, Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone inhibited the expression of interleukin-4, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin-stimulated lymphocytes. These results suggest that Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2000

To evaluate anesthetic effecto of propofol infusion after premedication with xylazine, 20 days were randomly assigned 4 groups. Propofol was infused (group 1: 0.2 mg/kg/min, group 2 : 0.4 mg/kg/min, group 3 : 0.6 mg/kg/min, group 4 : 0.8 mg/kg/min) for a period of 90 minute immediately after premedication with xylazine(1 mg/kg) and atropine(0.05mg/kg) under oxygen supplementation. Induction of anesthesia was rapid and smooth providing satisfactory conditions for intubation in all the dogs. No vomiting and cyanosis were observed after induction and during propofol infustion. There was pain reflex in group 1 but not in group 3 and 4. Mean arousal times (mins) were $6.18{\pm}3.65(group 1), 13.07{\pm}5.05(group 2), 22.06{\pm}6.48(group 3) and 23.33{\pm}9.28 (group 4) and Mean walking times were 16.20{\pm}6.15(group 1), 15.80{\pm}4.73(group 2), 28.27{\pm}7.55 (group 3), 39.10{\pm}13.75$ (group 4) respectively. In group 4, body temperature during total infusion period in group 3, 4. Hematologic values (WBC, RBC, PCV) and serum chemistry values(ALT, AST, BUN, creatinite) were monitored before anesthesia, 1 hour and 1 day after termination of infusion postanestesia. No significant changes were monitored in all experimental group. Although propofol infusions of 0.2 mg/kg/min and 0.4mg/kg/min were considered too low to maintain a suitable depth of anesthesia, but that of 0.6mg/kg/min were considered too low to maintain a suitable depth of anesthesia, but that of 0.6mg/kg/min proper to provide a light planes for minor surgical procedure during 90 minutes with xylazine premedication.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.366-370
• /
• 2006

Arachnoid cysts are intra-arachnoid collections of cerebrospinal fluid. They may cause neurological deficit through expansion that can compress normal neural tissue and obstruct cerebrospinal fluid flow. Intracranial arachnoid cysts were found in 4 patients aged 10 months to 20 months(mean age 15 months). The presenting symptoms included circling(dog 2,3), seizure(dog 1), progressive weakness(dog 1,2,3), increasing scoliosis(dog 3), worsening spasticity(dog 3), and salivation(dog 3). One patient showed no symptoms from the intracranial arachnoid cyst. There were no significant findings in complete blood count and serum chemistry. Computed tomography(CT) with/without magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) scans were performed in these cases. Hypodense intracranial arachnoid cyst was observed on CT images in dog 4. Sagittal T1-weighted(T1W) and T2-weighted(T2W) images and transverse T1W and T2W images revealed a intracranial arachnoid cysts with syringohydromyelia(dog 3) and hydrocephalus(dog 3,4) in the brain. Clinical signs of three cases were improved by medication.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.607-609
• /
• 2011

A 6-year-old, neutered female, Cocker spaniel presented with severe abdominal erythema and crusts. These conditions developed 1 month ago. This patient had a history of using humectant spray for several months. Irritant contact dermatitis was diagnosed by history, clinical signs, laboratory and histopathologic examinations (H-E stain). Complete blood count and serum chemistry showed no remarkable findings. Histopathologic examination of skin samples revealed parakeratosis accompanied by acanthosis of the dermis and mild perivascular inflammations of the superficial dermis. Clinical signs were improved after avoidance of suspected offending substance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.198-201
• /
• 2010

This case report describes capture myopathy in an 8-month-old female red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) that died after a 14-day history of depression, lameness and astasia following a bathing protocol for dermatitis. In a blood test performed the day after the wallaby fell down, serum chemistry showed a normal rangeof LDH but elevated CK, ALT and AST. Upon histopathologic examination after the animal's death, we found degeneration and necrosis of myofibers in skeletal muscle and myocardium. According to history that the wallaby was pressed by other individuals, suspected vitamin E insufficiency in the diet, physical stress during bathing as well as results of a blood test and microscopic examination, we diagnosed this case as capture myopathy. Although capture myopathy is a common problem in marsupials, this is the first reported case in Korea and understanding this case will help to manage future cases of capture myopathy in captive settings in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2010

To evaluate of oral toxicity of Epimedium koreanum nakai (EKN) water extract, three doses of EKN water extract (10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg/day) were administered to healthy Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. The results showed that there are no abnormal signs during the experimental period. The weights of testis and epididymis were increased dose-dependently, but seminal vesicle was decreased compared with control group. In hematology and serum chemistry, changes were observed within the normal ranges. In histological finding, slight to moderated changes were found but those were commonly or rarely encountered in the normal rats. These results suggest that no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the oral application of EKN was considered to be more than 1000 mg/kg in SD rats under the conditions employed in this study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.137-140
• /
• 2014

A Maltese (case 1) and a Labrador Retriever (case 2) presented with urinary incontinence. General conditions were good and screening tests, including a complete blood count, serum chemistry and radiography, were performed. Excretory urography was conducted, and fluoroscopy was performed for case 1 and computed tomography was performed for case 2. The dogs were diagnosed as right extramural ectopic ureter in case 1 and bilateral intramural ectopic ureter in case 2. We performed surgical corrections, including a neoureterocystostomy for extramural ectopic ureter and neoureterostomy for intramural ectopic ureter. After surgery, the dogs were catheterized with an indwelling catheter for 3 days. Urinary incontinence improved completely and the clinical outcomes were good. The choice of adequate surgical procedure is important for correcting ectopic ureters in canines.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity of Seonpyejeongcheon-tang (SJT) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : In this single oral toxicity study, rats were orally administrated in a single dose of 0 or 5,000 mg/kg SJT. There were 7 rats in each group. After single administration, mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross pathological findings were observed for 14 days. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology were tested after 14 days. Results : There was no mortality or other clinical signs for 14 days. There were also no significant differences in body weight, organ weights, hematological and serum chemical parameters between the SJT and control groups. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that the 50% lethal dose of SJT is over 5,000 mg/kg, so this finding can be expected to provide scientific evidence for the safety of SJT.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2010

Hepatic fibrosis represents the main complication of most chronic liver disorders and, regardless of its etiology, is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. In this study, we examined that 1-O-Hexyl-2,3,5-Trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), a potent anti-oxidative agent, could prevent experimental hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in male SD rats. Except for vehicle control group, other groups were induced hepatic fibrosis by intraperitoneal injection with DMN (10 mg/ml/kg) on 3 consecutive days weekly for 4 weeks. During the same 4 weeks, control and DMN groups were given vehicle and HTHQ 50, 100 and 200 groups were orally administered HTHQ (50, 100, 200 mg/kg respectively). In HTHQ 100 and 200 groups, relative liver weight and serum chemistry level improved significantly. HTHQ reduced hydroxyproline (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) level in the liver. Histopathological examination of H&E, Masson's trichrome stain showed the reduced fibrotic septa in HTHQ 100 and 200 groups. HTHQ administration showed reduced mRNA level of PDGF (Platelet-derived growth factor), $\alpha$-SMA ($\alpha$-smooth muscle actin) and TGF-$\beta$ (transforming growth factor-$\beta$) than DMN-induced hepetic fibrosis animals in the liver tissue. In this study, we showed that HTHQ improves against DMN-induced liver fibrosis in male SD rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.367-374
• /
• 2018

RNA interference provides an effective tool for developing antitumor therapies. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are delivery vectors widely used to efficiently transport small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to intracellular targets. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the cancer-specific CPP carrier BR2 to specifically transport siRNA to cancer-target cells. Our results showed that BR2 formed a complex with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor siRNA (siVEGF) that exhibited the appropriate size and surface charge for in vivo treatment. Additionally, the BR2-VEGF siRNA complex exhibited significant serum stability and high levels of gene-silencing effects in vitro. Moreover, the transfection efficiency of the complex into a cancer cell line was higher than that observed in non-cancer cell lines, resulting in downregulated intracellular VEGF levels in HeLa cells and comprehensively improved antitumor efficacy in the absence of significant toxicity. These results indicated that BR2 has significant potential for the safe, efficient, and specific delivery of siRNA for diverse applications.