• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.97-113
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• 2014

An actual proof experiment was carried out to establish the production of high quality organic rice at farm household in Gwangjin, Junnam, Korea 2011. Experimental plot was designed with conventional organic cultivation and manual organic cultivation in both Hopeongbyeo and Onnuri varities. Experimental field was consisted with suitable drainage loam soil, anryong series, and normal paddy field. Chemical characteristics of the soil were investigated from initial soil and soil after harvest in experimental sites. Seed disinfection was treated with hot water dipping method at $60^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Rice transplanting was carried out at 17 June with 25 days seedling using machine transplanting. Golden apple snail was used to prevent weed growth as middle size (1.5~1.7 kg/10a) at one week after rice transplanting. Amount of applied fertilizer in experimental plot was supplied with organic fertilizer for the shortage after harvest of hairy vetch (1,100 kg/10a). Bordeaux mixture was used to control of sheath blight and neck blast disease in all experimental plot at 19 Aug. Application of chitin culture solution was treated in manual organic cultivation at 2 and 15 Aug. At late growth stage, incidence rate of neck blast was the highest level at Hopyeongbyeo in conventional organic cultivation. Incidence rate of sheath blight in both Hopyeongbyeo and Onnuri was higher in conventional organic cultivation than in manual organic cultivation. Incidence of rice leaf folder was the highest level at Onnuri in conventional organic cultivation. Yield index in manual organic cultivation was increased by 13% and 38% at Onnuri and Hopyeongbyeo, respectively, compared with conventional organic cultivation. Head rice percentage in both Hopyeongbyeo and Onnuri was slightly increased in manual organic cultivation. These results indicate that high quality production of rice organic cultivation could be depending on management of safe fertilization with nutrient content in soil.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1976

The aims of this study are, 1) to describe the attitudes of the community towards each food item and 2) to provide the information necessary for the solution of nutritional problems due to the different food intake of the community. This study is based on the Food Consumption Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs in a series of National Nutrition Survey in August, 1973. The sample included 8 communities, in which 160 households were selected at random for this study. The procedures and methods used in this study to compute the acceptability index were adopted from the study of H. Toyokawa, University of Tokyo. Food attitudes of the sample communities are clear in terms of the mean acceptability index which is presented in Table 3. The following order is indicative of the relative strength of acceptability of the respective food items: 1. Seasonings (-1.20) 2. Oils and fats (-1.12) 3. Pulses(- .60) 4. Processed vegetables (- .45) 5. Seaweeds (- .32) 6. Sugars (- .19) 7. Fresh vegetables (- .15) 8. Rice (- .13) 9. Cereals and grain products (- .07) 10. Starchy roots (- .06) 11. Fresh fish and shells (.44) 12. Processed fish and shells (.56) 13. Eggs (1.06) 14. Fruits (1.26) 15. Meats and poultry (1.33) 16. Milk and milk products (2.87) There are highly significant difference in the acceptability index between food items and the mean intake of rice, cereals and grain products, pulses, starchy roots, processed vegetables, fruits, sugars, seaweeds, seasonings, meats and poultry, eggs, fresh and shells, and oils and fats between the communities at the .01 level of significance.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-43
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• 1977

This experiment was undertaken in order to localize the labeled dbcAMP (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) in oocytes whose development has been suppressed by cold dbcAMP for 6 or 19 hours in vitro. Mouse oocytes were obtained from the ovaries of 3-4 week old A strain female mice, by puncturing the Graafian follicles in the modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate salt solution under the dissecting microscope. Those oocytes which have intact germinal vesicle were cultured in the basic culture medium supplemented with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cultivation of the oocytes was carried out in a microtube developed by Cho (1974). The cultures were then incubated in a humidified 5% $CO_2$ incubator maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 or 19 hours (Donahue, 1968). DbcAMP was added to culture medium for a final concentration of 100ug/ml, and $^3H-dbc$ AMP (specific activity 13 Ci/mM) for a final concentration of $40{\mu}Ci/ml$ was also added to the medium. For electron microscopic autoradiography, those oocytes recovered from the culture were washed with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and immediately prefixed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde overnight and postfixed for 2 hours at $4 ^{\circ}C$ in 1% osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer with pH 7.4 (Palade, 1952). After fixation, the materials were dehydrated in graded alcohol series and embedded in Epon 812 mixture based on the standard procedures (Luft, 1961). The thin sections $600-700{\AA}$ thick were mounted on the grids of 200 meshes. The grids containing sections were coated with a nuclear emulsion Kodak NTB-3 and stored in a cold dark box (at $4^{\circ}C$) for 3 weeks. After exposure, the samples were developed with Kodak D-19 and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Routine observation was made with Hitachi HU-11E electron microsocope. The results of the observation were as followings: 1. It was found that the labeled dbcAMP penetrated the egg plasma membrane and dispersed at random in the cytoplasm. 2. It was also observed that most of the labeled dbcAMP was attached to microfibrillar lattices portion of the oocyte cytoplasm. There fore, it is presumed that the receptor of the dbcAMP is localized in the microfibrillar lattices of the oocyte. 3. It also seems that some other cell organells such as mitochondria, Golgi complex, cortical granules are not directly related to the action of the dbcAMP. 4. The labeled dbcAMP was neither observed in the membrane nor in the nucleus. Therefore, it seems that there is no relationship between the concentration of dbcAMP and the nuclear membranous permeability. 5. There was no difference in number of dbcAMP particles when oocytes were cultured for 6 hours and 19 hours. 6. However, it was observed that, in same of the oocytes suppressed in germinal vesicle by dbcAMP for 19 hours, cell organells were moved and concentrated to a small portion of the cytoplasm, and that the morphology of the organells greatly changed to an abnormal. form. Therefore, it is supposed that those oocytes were in the process of degeneration. From the above results, it is expected that dbcAMP penetrated the egg membrane and was bound to the receptor which seems to be located in the microfibrillar lattiees portion, and that this dbcAMP-receptor complex inhibited some enzyme system of the oocytes which are essential for the germinal vesicle breakdown.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.131-145
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• 2010

The framework for making a coordinated decision for large-scale facilities has become an important issue in supply chain(SC) management research. The competitive business environment requires companies to continuously search for the ways to achieve high efficiency and lower operational costs. In the areas of production/distribution planning, many researchers and practitioners have developedand evaluated the deterministic models to coordinate important and interrelated logistic decisions such as capacity management, inventory allocation, and vehicle routing. They initially have investigated the various process of SC separately and later become more interested in such problems encompassing the whole SC system. The accurate quotation of ATP(Available-To-Promise) plays a very important role in enhancing customer satisfaction and fill rate maximization. The complexity for intelligent manufacturing system, which includes all the linkages among procurement, production, and distribution, makes the accurate quotation of ATP be a quite difficult job. In addition to, many researchers assumed ATP model with integer time. However, in industry practices, integer times are very rare and the model developed using integer times is therefore approximating the real system. Various alternative models for an ATP system with time lags have been developed and evaluated. In most cases, these models have assumed that the time lags are integer multiples of a unit time grid. However, integer time lags are very rare in practices, and therefore models developed using integer time lags only approximate real systems. The differences occurring by this approximation frequently result in significant accuracy degradations. To introduce the ATP model with time lags, we first introduce the dynamic production function. Hackman and Leachman's dynamic production function in initiated research directly related to the topic of this paper. They propose a modeling framework for a system with non-integer time lags and show how to apply the framework to a variety of systems including continues time series, manufacturing resource planning and critical path method. Their formulation requires no additional variables or constraints and is capable of representing real world systems more accurately. Previously, to cope with non-integer time lags, they usually model a concerned system either by rounding lags to the nearest integers or by subdividing the time grid to make the lags become integer multiples of the grid. But each approach has a critical weakness: the first approach underestimates, potentially leading to infeasibilities or overestimates lead times, potentially resulting in excessive work-inprocesses. The second approach drastically inflates the problem size. We consider an optimized ATP system with non-integer time lag in supply chain management. We focus on a worldwide headquarter, distribution centers, and manufacturing facilities are globally networked. We develop a mixed integer programming(MIP) model for ATP process, which has the definition of required data flow. The illustrative ATP module shows the proposed system is largely affected inSCM. The system we are concerned is composed of a multiple production facility with multiple products, multiple distribution centers and multiple customers. For the system, we consider an ATP scheduling and capacity allocationproblem. In this study, we proposed the model for the ATP system in SCM using the dynamic production function considering the non-integer time lags. The model is developed under the framework suitable for the non-integer lags and, therefore, is more accurate than the models we usually encounter. We developed intelligent ATP System for this model using genetic algorithm. We focus on a capacitated production planning and capacity allocation problem, develop a mixed integer programming model, and propose an efficient heuristic procedure using an evolutionary system to solve it efficiently. This method makes it possible for the population to reach the approximate solution easily. Moreover, we designed and utilized a representation scheme that allows the proposed models to represent real variables. The proposed regeneration procedures, which evaluate each infeasible chromosome, makes the solutions converge to the optimum quickly.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.166-185
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• 1983

Aspergillus niger IFO 8541 (NRRL 3112) was investigated through a series of UV rays and N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NTG) treatments to induce mutants that produce highly active raw starch saccharifying enzyme, and two mutants with strong enzymatic productivity were obtained. The mutants obtained were investigated for their fungal characters, condition of enzyme production, and other activities. Furthermore, the raw starch saccharifying enzyme was purified and the characteristics of purified enzyme were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The color of conidial head of UV-46 mutant obtained from UV rays treatment was changed to tan type and the gelatinated starch saccharifying enzyme productivity and the raw starch saccharifying enzyme productivity increased up to twice and 1.8 times compared to the productivities of original Aspergillus niger IFO 8541 cultured on the wheat bran, respectively. 2. The conidial head color of NG-41 mutant obtained from NTG treatment became lighter than that of parent strain. The gelatinated starch saccharifying enzyme productivity and raw starch saccharifying enzyme productivity increased about 1.8 times, and twice over the Aspergillus niger IFO 8541 parent strain cultured on wheat bran, respectively. The productivity of ${\alpha}$-amylase increased about 3 times more than the parent strain. 3. Two peaks of glucoanlylase and a peak of ${\alpha}$-amylase were obtained when enzyme solution of mutants and parent strain were passed through DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. Glucoamylase I showed only gelatinated starch saccharifying enzyme activity. However, glucoamylase II (raw starch saccharifying enzyme) showed both raw starch saccharifying enzyme activity and gelatinated starch saccharifying enzyme activity. 4. Mutant, UV-46 was strengthened in glucoamylase II productivity and mutant NG-41 was strengthened in ${\alpha}$-amylase productivity. 5. Glucoamylase II of mutants and parent strain were appeared to have the same enzymatic properties. 6. Glucoamylase II of mutants and parent strain were recognized as simple enzyme through electrophoresis. 7. The glucoamylase II crystallized showed rhombic board type. 8. The molecular weight, isoelectric point, optimum pH, and optimum temperature of the glucoamylase II crystallized were estimated as 76,000, 3.4, 3.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dietary life units of Korean and American high school home economics textbook according to Habermas's three systems of action and to find out how the three systems of action are reflected in the learning objectives and activity tasks of the textbook. To achieve this purpose, this study analyzed the learning objectives and activity tasks of the dietary life units in the textbooks of 'technology & home economics' and 'home economics science' in Korea, and 'succeeding in life and career' in America using a content analysis technique based on Habermas's three systems of action. In analyzing the content, each learning objective or activity was matched with one of the three systems of action by examining the context. In some cases, two or more systems of actions were integrated in one activity. This is a case where a series of learning tasks that involve different action system were grouped into one. The numbers of learning objectives and activities of the units of 'technology & home economics', 'home economics science' textbooks of Korean high schools and 'succeeding in life and career' dietary life of American high schools were 3, 26, and 248, respectively. In Korean textbooks, the percentage of communicative action was highest among the three systems, that is, 66.7% for 'technology & home economics' textbooks and 50% for 'home economics science' textbooks. In comparison technical action was the highest in American textbooks at 66.5%. Activities related to technical action included cooking, conducting research on health and food, or conducting experiments. The activities related to communicative action included role play related to health and table manners, or writing reports after conducting surveys or interviewing professionals. The activities related to emancipative action were to social participation activities such as service project in relation to health and food, or to find problems that occur in dietary life and think about be best solution through practical reasoning.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.333-343
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to improve the utilization of liquid pig manure (LPM) for rice at the two textures of valley soil in 2000 and 2001. The soil textures were coarse loamy and fine loamy in Sachon and Jisan series, respectively. Treatments consisted of no fertilized plot, chemical fertilized plot, LPM 150%, LPM 100%, LPM 100%+NK (top dressing) 30%, LPM 70%+NK 30%, LPM 50%+NK 50% plot. LPM was applied as basal fertilizer compare to nitrogen of chemical fertilized plot. Total N contents in the LPM were 6.0 and $4.5g\;kg^{-1}$ in 2000 and 2001, respectively. After the experiment, P and K contents of soils were not difference between chemical and LPM application plots. But heavy metal contents in soils were slightly higher in LPM application plots than in chemical fertilized plot. Immediately after LPM application, ammonia gas content was $18mg\;kg^{-1}$ in LPM 150% plot, but it was $3mg\;kg^{-1}$ in LPM 50% plot. Two days after LPM application, ammonia gas content was 3 times higher in coarse loamy than in fine loamy soil. After rotary tillage, ammonia gas was not detected at all LPM treatments. This result suggests that rotary tillage can reduce the nasty smell of LPM quickly. Inorganic nitrogen, $NO_3$ and $NH_4$, contents in water of paddy was higher at coarse loamy soil from rice transplanting to tillering stage. After that season, inorganic nitrogen contents of water were not different according to soil texture and treatments. Content of $NH_4-N$ in soil solution was higher at LPM plots than chemical fertilizer plot. Total nitrogen contents in rice plant after harvesting were higher at chemical fertilization plot than LPM application plot, but K contents showed an opposite tendency. Rice yield was decreased only in LPM plots at two soil textures. But yield was not significantly difference between chemical fertilizer and LPM+top dressing plots at coarse loamy soil and increased 5% at LPM 50%+NK 50% plot at fine loamy soil in 2001.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2020

Whereas the control of the hydration heat in mass concrete has been important as the concrete structures enlarge, many conventional strategies show some limitations in their effectiveness and practicality. Therefore, In this study, as a solution of controling the heat of hydration of mass concrete, a method to reduce the heat of hydration by controlling the hardening of cement was examined. The reduction of the hydration heat by the developed Phosphate Inorganic Salt was basically verified in the insulated boxes filled with binder paste or concrete mixture. That is, the effects of the Phosphate Inorganic Salt on the hydration heat, flow or slump, and compressive strength were analyzed in binary and ternary blended cement which is generally used for low heat. As a result, the internal maximum temperature rise induced by the hydration heat was decreased by 9.5~10.6% and 10.1~11.7% for binder paste and concrete mixed with the Phosphate Inorganic Salt, respectively. Besides, the delay of the time corresponding to the peak temperature was apparently observed, which is beneficial to the emission of the internal hydration heat in real structures. The Phosphate Inorganic Salt that was developed and verified by a series of the aforementioned experiments showed better performance than the existing ones in terms of the control of the hydration heat and other performance. It can be used for the purpose of hydration heat of mass concrete in the future.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-254
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• 2020

This paper finds a solution in the social context which cannot be explained thoroughly by well-timed release date, revival of comedy films, and the attraction of Lee Byeong-heon's comedy etc. while it throws question of how the film, Extreme Job captivated 16 million audience. The incredible hits of Extreme Job cannot be explained by analyzing the text alone. After this essay investigates a function and a role of comedy as a public sphere, it examines people's desires and wishes in the comedy and other genres since 2008 when the conservative government has seized power. Since 2008 a series of dark tone's action thriller, social problem film, and disaster film have emerged, these genres showed absence of public security, crisis of democracy and criticism against rulling class. On the other hand, hit comedy films have showed escapism such as weepie, nostalgia, and fantasy at the same time, generally. Although Veteran (2015) is not full-blown comedy, after this film's big success, "comic mode" has gradually revived. A light tone's films which are truer to genre rules has started representing the wishes of people toward social reforms and changes. Meanwhile, "Candlelight Protest" served as a momentum to recover the democracy which has been in crisis, but it could not lead changes in economic and daily lives. Exreme Job can be read as a question how we will survive since "Candlight Protest." The lives of detectives as self-employed workers who has taken over a fried chicken restaurant for going undercover are appearances of ordinary persons who must survive in the edless conpetition. Furthermore, this film shows a dream of a "great success myth" which becomes well-known as a famous restaurant and a self-management such as brand-naming and an exapansion of franchise business. We can read ganster's chicken franchises as a huge distribution industry which disturbs market system by delivering drugs secretly. While applauses that we give to the police having identities of self-employed workers which sweeps the ganster are giving support to oridinary neighborhood like us, they are also wishes of people who long for the restoration of publicness of police in the market which is becoming increasingly privatized today. A significance of this essay is to examine Extreme Job in terms of the geography of film genres and the revival of comic mode sicne 2008 at the macro level, and is to read the film in the perspective of the problems of economic and daily lives which has been still unsolved since "Candlelight Protest" at the micro level.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.651-662
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• 2022

The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) method was used to evaluate the concrete deterioration process related to chloride-induced steel corrosion with various corrosion levels(initiation, rust propagation and acceleration periods). The impressed current technique, with four total current levels of 0C, 13C, 65C and 130C, was used to accelerate steel corrosion in concrete cylinder samples with w/c ratio of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, immersed in a 0.5M NaCl solution. A series of EIS measurements was performed to monitor concrete deterioration during the accelerated corrosion test in this study. Some critical parameters of the equivalent circuit were obtained through the EIS analysis. It was observed that the charge transfer resistance(R_c) dropped sharply as the impressed current increased from 0C to 13C, indicating a value of approximately 10kΩcm². However, the sensitivity of R_c significantly decreased when the impressed current was further increased from 13C to 130C after corrosion of steel had been initiated. Meanwhile, the double-layer capacitance value(C_dl) linearly increased from 50×10^-6μF/cm² to 250×10^-6μF/cm² as the impressed current in creased from 0C to 130C. The results in this study showed that monitoring C_dl is an effective measurement parameter for evaluating the progress of internal concrete damages(de-bonding between steel and concrete, micro-cracks, and surface-breaking cracks) induced by steel corrosion. The findings of this study provide a fundamental basis for developing an embedded sensor and signal interpretation method for monitoring concrete deterioration due to steel corrosion at various corrosion levels.