• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sequential ends

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Augmentation of Hidden Markov Chain for Complex Sequential Data in Context

  • Sin, Bong-Kee
    • Journal of Multimedia Information System
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.31-34
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    • 2021
  • The classical HMM is defined by a parameter triple �� = (��, A, B), where each parameter represents a collection of probability distributions: initial state, state transition and output distributions in order. This paper proposes a new stationary parameter e = (e1, e2, …, eN) where N is the number of states and et = P(|xt = i, y) for describing how an input pattern y ends in state xt = i at time t followed by nothing. It is often said that all is well that ends well. We argue here that all should end well. The paper sets the framework for the theory and presents an efficient inference and training algorithms based on dynamic programming and expectation-maximization. The proposed model is applicable to analyzing any sequential data with two or more finite segmental patterns are concatenated, each forming a context to its neighbors. Experiments on online Hangul handwriting characters have proven the effect of the proposed augmentation in terms of highly intuitive segmentation as well as recognition performance and 13.2% error rate reduction.

Synthesis of Norbornene Block Copolymers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane by Sequential Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

  • Kwon Young-Hwan;Kim Kyung-Hoe
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.424-429
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    • 2006
  • The synthesis of a series of poly(POSS-NBE-b-MTD) copolymers was successfully accomplished, taking advantage of sequential, ring-opening, metathesis block copolymerization using $RuCl_2(=CHPh)(PCy_3)_2$ catalyst. By using cyclopentyl-POSS-norbornene (POSS-NBE) monomer as the first block in the block copolymer, living poly(POSS-NBE) with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution was produced. Then, poly(POSS-NBE-b-MTD) copolymers were successfully prepared, in which sequential monomer addition of methyltetracyclododecene (MTD) to the living poly(POSS-NBE) chain ends was utilized to achieve quantitative crossover efficiency. Characterization by $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy and GPC confirmed the high definition and structural integrity of the poly(PO$S-NBE-b-MTD) copolymers. Thermal properties-and morphologies of the POSS-containing block copolymer nanocomposites were also investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).

A Study on Optimal Sequential Reclosing to Improve Transient Stability in Transmission System (송전계통 과도 안정도 향상을 위한 최적 순차 재폐로에 관한 연구)

  • Gwon, Gi-Hyeon;Oh, Yun-Sik;Park, Ji-Kyung;Jo, Kyu-Jung;Sohn, Seung-Hyun;Kim, Chul-Hwan
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.62 no.10
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    • pp.1354-1360
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    • 2013
  • In transmission system, reclosing scheme is very useful method to improve continuity of power supply and reliability of system. Especially, high speed reclosing which is used generally in transmission systems has a benefit improving transient stability. However, the reclosing can jeopardize the stability under the condition having high difference of voltage phase angle between both ends. Thus, this paper proposes optimal sequential reclosing scheme to improve transient stability due to reclosing operation. The optimal sequential reclosing is that each phase is closed sequentially considering transient energy. In this paper, 345kV and 154kV transmission system is modeled using EMTP (ElectroMagnetic Transient Program) to verify the performance and effectiveness of optimal sequential reclosing on transient stability. Also, Integral Square Error(ISE) method is used to assess the transient stability.

Amphiphilic Norbornene-Based Diblock Copolymers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Prepared by Living Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization

  • Park, Su-Dong;Xu, Wentao;Chung, Chan-Hong;Kwon, Young-Hwan
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 2008
  • We report the successful synthesis of poly(NBECOOH-b-NBEPOSS) copolymers, taking advantage of the sequential, living ring opening metathesis polymerization of NBETMS and NBEPOSS using the $RuCl_2(=CHPh)(PCY_3)_2$/$CH_2Cl_2$/$20^{\circ}C$ system, followed by the hydrolysis of trimethylsilyl groups in poly(NBETMS-b-NBEPOSS) copolymers. The living behavior of ROMP of NBETMS was first investigated using two diagnostic plots, a first order kinetic plot and a $\bar{M}_n$ vs. conversion plot. The plots confirmed that no termination and chain transfer reaction had occurred during polymerization. Poly(NBECOOH-b-NBEPOSS) copolymers were prepared using the sequential monomer addition of NBEPOSS to living poly(NBETMS) chain ends, followed by the hydrolysis of trimethylsilyl groups in the poly(NBETMS-b-NBEPOSS) copolymers. The high structural integrity of poly(NBE-COOH-b-NBEPOSS) copolymers was confirmed by $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR spcctroscopy and GPC.

Sequential Polyadenylation to Enable Alternative mRNA 3' End Formation

  • Yajing Hao;Ting Cai;Chang Liu;Xuan Zhang;Xiang-Dong Fu
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2023
  • In eukaryotic cells, a key RNA processing step to generate mature mRNA is the coupled reaction for cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) at the 3' end of individual transcripts. Many transcripts are alternatively polyadenylated (APA) to produce mRNAs with different 3' ends that may either alter protein coding sequence (CDS-APA) or create different lengths of 3'UTR (tandem-APA). As the CPA reaction is intimately associated with transcriptional termination, it has been widely assumed that APA is regulated cotranscriptionally. Isoforms terminated at different regions may have distinct RNA stability under different conditions, thus altering the ratio of APA isoforms. Such differential impacts on different isoforms have been considered as post-transcriptional APA, but strictly speaking, this can only be considered "apparent" APA, as the choice is not made during the CPA reaction. Interestingly, a recent study reveals sequential APA as a new mechanism for post-transcriptional APA. This minireview will focus on this new mechanism to provide insights into various documented regulatory paradigms.

Airborne Fine Particle Measurement Data Analysis and Statistical Significance Analysis (공기중 미세입자 측정 데이터 분석 및 통계 유의차 분석)

  • Sung Jun An;Moon Suk Hwan
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2023
  • Most of the production process is performed in a cleanroom in the case of facilities that produce semiconductor chips or display panels. Therefore, environmental management of cleanrooms is very important for product yield and quality control. Among them, airborne particles are a representative management item enough to be the standard for the actual cleanroom rating, and it is a part of the Fab or Facility monitoring system, and the sequential particle monitoring system is mainly used. However, this method has a problem in that measurement efficiency decreases as the length of the sampling tube increases. In addition, a statistically significant test of deterioration in efficiency has rarely been performed. Therefore, in this study, the statistically significant test between the number of particles measured by InSitu and the number of particles measured for each sampling tube ends(Remote). Through this, the efficiency degradation problem of the sequential particle monitoring system was confirmed by a statistical method.

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The Ideal Portrait of Human Being Pursuing in Home Economics Education from a Critical Science Perspective (비판과학 관점의 가정과교육에서 추구하는 인간상)

  • Yang, Jisun;Yoo, Taemyung
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.67-80
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    • 2017
  • This study develops an the ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education from a critical science perspective. The practical problem is 'what should the ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education with a critical science perspective be?' was addressed through a practical reasoning research method with the stages of valued ends, context, alternatives, consequence, and a final plan. The sequential flow of understanding values and contexts established the setting of three valued ends by organizing issues and categorized areas of individuals, families, society, and cultural from a critical science perspective. The ideal portrait of human being was specifically stated, in the self-formation, independent, inter-subjectivity, social participation, and enculturation according to subcategories; in addition, the stated ideal portrait of human being was modified through expert consultations. Alternatives and consequences were reexamined for the validity of the statement and restated as a comprehensive statement of ideal portrait of a human being that included a restatement of the five areas. An ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education from a critical science perspective was made from alternative ideal portraits of the proposed human being and stated as 'a person who can continually act autonomously in one's life-world.'

Deflection Evaluation of the Constructing-load Carrying Capacity for Deep Decking Floor System Reinforced with Both Ends Cap Plates (캡 플레이트로 단부 보강한 춤이 깊은 데크의 시공중 처짐성능평가)

  • Jeon, Sang Hyun;Kyung, Jae Hwan;Kim, Young Ho;Choi, Sung Mo;Yang, Il Seung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.155-167
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    • 2015
  • If of application of the deep deckting floor in long span more than 6m, the deflection caused by the construction load occurred high. Because the constructing-works and safety by this deflection, take actually supports to laborers working on the deck. However, installed supports are having difficultly such as the restricted passage, deficiency of working space, and lowering of efficiency. And toward-opening deck is seen as local buckling of web plate, flexural-torsional buckling, and gradually opening of corrugated decking. In this study, we will suggest a deep decking floor system that reinforced with both ends cap plates for toward-opneing decking change from opening to closing. The constructing deflection of a deep decking more than 6m must be satified 30mm and L/180 as proposed. Full-scale field tests loading by sand conducted a deep decking reinforced with and without cap plate. In conclusion, the specimen reinforced with cap plates have shown that to ensure the negative moment $wl^2/18$. And constructing-deflection of deep decking shown that to satisfy the evaluation value (L/180 or 30mm).

A Study on the Optimal Design of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges (프리스트레스트 콘크리트 박스 거더 교량의 최적 설계에 관한 연구)

  • 노금래;윤희택;박선규
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1999.04a
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    • pp.251-256
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    • 1999
  • In the preliminary design stage of Prestressed Concrete (PSC) Box Girder Bridges, the design factors(including depth, thickness of web, and jacking force) decided by inexperience designer could heavily affect the final design factors. So there is a possibility that the design ends up with an excessively wasteful design. To aim at an economical design with preventing an excessive design, the optimal design program has been developed by using ADS optimal program and SPCFRAME(PSC Bridge analysis program) in these studies. The optimal design program automatically calculates economically optimized design studies. The optimal design program automatically calculates economically optimized design factors by introducing the optimal design techniques of PSC box girder bridge design. The objective function for optimal design is material cost of box girder and constrained functions are constituted with design specifications and workability. The optimal design techniques used the Sequential Unconstraint Minimization Technique (SUMT) with performing the optimal design program. In this study, We designed unprismatic section bridge and prismatic section bridge in the same design condition by optimal design program developed in this study. By analyzing the results we suggested the practical form of tendon's layout comparing the optimal desingns on the basis of each tendon's layout.

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Free Vibration of Radially Multi-Delaminated Beams (방사형 다층간분리된 보의 자유진동)

  • 이성희;마석오;한병기;박대효
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 2002.10a
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2002
  • Free vibration analysis of radialiy multi-delaminated beams with through-the-width multi-delamination is performed in the present study. The multiple delaminations are considered to be in a radial manner through the thickness from the top surface of the beam. The natural frequencies of the radially multi-delaminated beams are calculated from a new algorithm that is based on the single compound delaminated beam model. That is, beams with radial multi-delaminations are regarded as the sum of a single compound delamlnated beam that is the single sub-delaminated beam from the top surface of global beam. Each result of frequency equation for the single delaminated beam with unknown boundary conditions obtained through continuity conditions Is updated to the next one, With these sequential operations, the final frequency equation of radially multi-delaminated beams is obtained for both ends boundary conditions of global beam. The numerical results carried out for the beams are compared with those of some references to give the reliance on the proposed algorithm and to investigate the effects of the shape, number, size of multi-delaminations on the natural frequency. Compared with the other previously presented model, the proposed algorithm is more flexible in modeling and formulating as the total array size of frequency equation is always four by four. Therefore, the proposed algorithm will reduce the effort of user in formulating the physical model to the numerical model.

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