• Language and Information
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2000

Application systems of natural language processing such as machine translation system must deal with actual texts including the full range of linguistic phenomena. But it seems to be impossible that the existing grammar covers completely such actual texts because they include disruptive factors such as long sentences, unexpected sentence patterns and erroneous input to obstruct well-formed analysis of a sentence. In order to solve analysis failure due to the disruptive factors or incorrect selection of correct parse tree among forest parse trees, this paper proposes two-level computational grammar which consists of a constraint-based grammar and an error-tolerant grammar. The constraint-based computational grammar is the grammar that gives us the well-formed analysis of English texts. The error-tolerant computational grammar is the grammar that reconstructs a comprehensible whole sentence structure with partially successful parse trees within failed parsing results.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

An example-based machine translation approach is a new paradigm for resolving various problems caused by the rules of conventional rule-based machine translation. But, in pure example-based machine translation, it is very hard to find similar examples matched with input sentences by using reasonable parallel corpus. This problem causes large overheads in the process of sentence generation. This paper proposes new method of English-Korean transfer using both patterns and examples. The patterns are composed of sentence patterns and phrase patterns. Meta parts of the patterns make the example-based machine translation more practical by raising the probability to find similar examples. The use of patterns and examples can reduce the ambiguities in source language analysis and give us a high quality of MT. And experimental results with a test corpus are discussed.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2008

Most of Korean sentences are complex sentences which consisted of main clause and embedded clause. These complex sentences have more than one predicate and this causes various syntactic ambiguities in syntactic analysis. These ambiguities are caused by phrase attachment problems which are occurred by the modifying scope of embedded clause. To resolve it, we decide the scope of embedded clause in the sentence and consider this clause as a unit of syntactic category. In this paper, we use sentence patterns information(SPI) and syntactic properties of Korean to decide a scope of embedded clause. First, we split the complex sentence into embedded clause and main clause by the method that embedded clause must have maximal arguments. This work is done by the SPI of the predicate in the embedded clause. And then, the role of this embedded clause is converted into a noun phrases or adverbial phrases in the main clause by the properties of Korean syntax. By this method, the structure of complex sentence is exchanged into a clause. And some phrases attachment problem, which is mainly caused by the modifying scope, is resolved easily. In this paper, we call this method clausal segmentation for embedded clause. By empirical results of parsing 1000 sentences, we found that our method decreases 88.32% of syntactic ambiguities compared to the method that doesn't use SPI and split the sentence with basic clauses.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.92-114
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• 1997

This study is aimed to grasp the actual problems of the perception of English rhythm and intonation structure by Korean University students who have studied English in the secondary schools for the past six years, and to establish the systems of English rhythm and intonation structure for the Korean students of English. For this study, the listening test is provided, and 100 students are chosen as the subjects of the study. The noticeable findings are summarized as follows: (1) Koreans perceive the words stress comparatively well in nonsense words, unfamiliar place names, and familiar word. (2) Koreans do not perceive the isochrony of English rhythm well enough. The perception of the sentence stress is very unstable, especially in the sentence involved in polysyllabic words, compound words, and 'emphatic stress' pr 'contrastive stress'(or in the different rhythmic patterns). (3) Koreans do not perceive the nucleus well enough. The perception of the nucleus is more stable in content words than in function words, at the end of a sentence than in the middle of a sentence, and in monosyllabic words than in the polysyllabic words. (4) Koreans do not perceive the boundary(or pause) of intonation group well enough. The perception of the pause is unstable in the long or complex sentence. (5) Koreans discriminate the meaning of English word stress comparatively well, especially in disyllabic words. But the discrimination is somewhat unstable in polysyllabic words and between 'adjective' and 'verb' (6) Koreans' discrimination of the intonation meaning is below the level. Koreans do not perceive the differences of intonation meaning according to the pitch accent or the focus. In conclusion, the writer will propose the procedures for the teaching of rhythm and intonation in the following order: word stress drill longrightarrowstressed and reduced syllables drilllongrightarrowrhythm group drilllongrightarrowthe varying rhythm drilllongrightarrowsentence stress drilllongrightarrownucleus drill longrightarrowintonation group drilllongrightarrowlong utterance drill of more than two intonation group.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.461-471
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data for development of Korean teaching programs for immigrant women from multicultural families through the acoustic analysis of their prosodic phrasing and intonation pattern. The results showed that immigrant women showed some differences in most of the prosodic characteristics from a Korean women's group: Immigrant women realized the first word of a sentence in an intonational phrase while Korean women did in an accentual phrase. They also haven't yet correctly learned the tone type of the first of an accentual phrase which differs depending on the type of its first segment yet. As a result, they showed many diverse intonation patterns compared to Korean women. Furthermore, the immigrant women's groups showed some differences between them in a few prosodic characteristics. Philippine women, whose residence duration in Korea is relatively longer than that of Vietnamese women, were more similar to Korean women: Vietnamese women read a sentence with a larger number of intonational phrases than Philippine women did. And they realized sentence-final boundary tone of a yes-no question not only in 'H%' but also in 'HL%' while, like Korean women, Philippine women did only in 'H%'.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

Pattern Analysis is One of the Most Important Techniques in the Signal and Image Processing and Text Mining Fields. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is Generally Used to Analyzing the Pattern of Signals and Images. We thought DFT could also be used on the Analysis of Text Patterns. In this Paper, DFT is Firstly Adapted in the World to the Sentence Plagiarism Detection Which Detects if Text Patterns of a Document Exist in Other Documents. We Signalize the Texts Converting Texts to ASCII Codes and Apply the Cross-Correlation Method to Detect the Simple Text Plagiarisms such as Cut-and-paste, term Relocations and etc. WordNet is using to find Similarities to Detect the Plagiarism that uses Synonyms, Translations, Summarizations and etc. The Data set, 2013 Corpus, Provided by PAN Which is the One of Well-known Workshops for Text Plagiarism is used in our Experiments. Our Method are Fourth Ranked Among the Eleven most Outstanding Plagiarism Detection Methods.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.203-217
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• 2000

In spoken language, the characteristics of prosodic realization are related to the meaning of utterance. The pitch pattern of an interrogative sentence which differs from that of declarative sentences can be considered in this respect.. If we consider the question-answer pair, we can find that the most important variation comes from the intended meaning of asking. In this paper, we experiment with four kinds of interrogative sentences and show that the difference in pitch patterns of interrogative sentences can be explained in relation to the focus phenomena that is, the differences of the boundary tones in interrogative sentences are due to the differences in the prosodic domain of focus. For a relevant explanation with the focus phenomena, we divided focus into the categories: emphatic focus, which plays a role in delivering the speaker's intended meaning for the sentence interpretation, and informational focus, delivers the central intended meaning of the utterance. The results can be summarized in three points. First, High boundary tone delivers the meaning of asking. Second, the realization of different boundary tones that are found in wh-question and alternative question are just phonetic variations caused by focusing. Third, the high rise boundary tone in echo questions is related to the meaning of surprise or incredulity, and this relation is a consensus of existing opinion, that is, the speaker's attitude of surprise can raise the pitch range. From these results we can distinguish between boundary type and phonetic variation, and we can also give appropriate meaning to the different boundary tones in interrogative sentences that have been regarded as merely a part of sentence type.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1505-1511
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• 2021

Pretrained models with high performance in various tasks within natural language processing have the advantage of learning the linguistic patterns of sentences using large corpus during the training, allowing each token in the input sentence to be represented with appropriate feature vectors. One of the methods of constructing a corpus required for a pre-trained model training is a collection method using web crawler. However, sentences that exist on web may contain unnecessary words in some or all of the sentences because they have various patterns. In this paper, we propose a dataset construction method for filtering sentences containing unnecessary words using neural network models for corpus collected from the web. As a result, we construct a dataset containing a total of 2,330 sentences. We also evaluated the performance of neural network models on the constructed dataset, and the BERT model showed the highest performance with an accuracy of 93.75%.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2003

This study examined the effect of vocal loudness on nasalance measures, under the conditions of three sentence patterns (i.e., Oral sentences, Mixed sentences, Nasal sentences). The vocal loudness level was classified into soft voice (55 dB), medium voice (65 dB) and loud voice (75 dB). The participants in the present study were 30 normal adults (male: female =1:1). Kay's Nasometer 6200 was used to measure nasalance and Sound level meter was used to adjust the loudness level. The results of the present study are as follows. Firstly, the change in vocal loudness is in the following. In the Oral sentence stimuli, the loud voice for both male and female showed the highest nasalance degree, and the medium voice the lowest level. In the Mixed and Nasal sentence stimuli, however, male participants showed the highest degree of nasalance in the soft voice, and the lowest degree in the loud voice, and female showed the highest degree of nasalance in the soft voice and the lowest in the medium voice. Secondly, when each subject's nasalance scores were ranked in a ordered manner, noticeable tendency. Lowest nasalance score occurred in the loud voice and the highest nasalance score was recorded in the soft voice during participants' reading of the Nasal sentences. However, it was hard to find such pattern in the Oral sentences. It is assumed that velopharyngeal function could be related to these findings. Furthermore, the findings associated with vocal loudness may have diagnostic as well as clinical implications.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.79-89
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• 2010

In this paper, we proposed a method to find out similar sentences from documents to detect plagiarized documents. The proposed model adapts LSA and N-gram techniques to detect every type of Korean plagiarized sentence type. To evaluate the performance of the model, we constructed experimental data using students' essays on the same theme. Students made their essay by intentionally plagiarizing some reference documents. The experimental results showed that our proposed model outperforms the conventional N-gram model, Vector model, LSA model in precision, recall, and F measures.