• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare sensory processing ability by smartphone addiction levels in preschool children, and to investigate the correlation between smartphone addiction level and sensory processing ability within smartphone addiction group. Method : The subjects of this study were 324 persons, with 124 persons in the addiction group and 200 in the normal user group. Measurements in this study were a questionnaire about general characteristics of subject, smartphone addiction scale, and short sensory profile. Methods for the data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation analysis of SPSS 22.0. Results : There was a significant difference in the total Short Sensory Profile (SSP) score and in all sub-domains between the addiction and normal use groups (p<0.05). In the smartphone addiction group, there was a negative correlation between the SSP total score (r=-.278), auditory filtering (r=-.293), visual/auditory sensitivity (r=-.393) and smartphone addiction level. Conclusion : This study confirmed that there was a difference in smartphone addiction and sensory processing ability between the preschool children addiction and normal use groups. It has been proven that there is an interrelationship between sensory processing ability and smartphone addiction in the addiction group. It is significant in that it provides basic data to prevent smartphone addiction.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2004

Objective : This study is to provide the norms of normal children when comparing the performance ability of preschool children while using the kinesthesia test of Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests(SIPT). Methods : Participants consisted of 90 normal children ranging in age from four to six years. The kinesthesia test of SIPT was utilized to investigate the performance ability. Results : 1. Regarding the kinesthesia ability according to age, the average value of kinesthesia performance error decreased as age getting older and that value showed the statistically significant differences between four and five, six age(p<0.05). 2. The kinesthesia performance ability according to gender, the accuracy of both hands and the dominant hand did not show the statistically significant differences. 3. Regarding the kinesthesia performance ability of test items, 1R item and 6R item(26.2cm), 5R item and 2L item(20.2cm) passing through the midline of body and having the large movement in distance and angle showed the difficulty to perform in all the children between 4 and 6 age. Conclusion : By providing the norms of the kinesthesia performance ability in normal children of the above results to the occupational therapists treating children, the helpful data to the hand skill development of children, exercise plan and implementation, and the performance therapy of ADL through the proper evaluation and training of kinesthesia is considered for the occupational therapists to be provided.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on sensory integration interventions for korean children which focused on vestibular - proprioceptive system. Methods : Authors systematically searched published studies in DBpia, KISS and RISS databases from August to September 2015. Key words in the search were 'sensory integration intervention', 'sensory integration therapy' and 'vestibular-proprioceptive'. By using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected seven studies for further analyses examining level of evidence and methodological qualities. Information for the analyses were on study designs, participants, interventions, outcome measures and results. Results : Grade IV rated evidence was found from five studies, and Grade III and Grade V rated evidence was found from one for each study. The methodological levels of the quantitative studies were 'fair' (2) and 'poor' (5). Subjects for the studies were developmental delay (5), Asperger Syndrome (1), and not specific diagnosis (2). Single-subject design was most frequently used and motor area were most frequently evaluated. The interventions used the studies showed positive effects on outcome measures. Conclusion : This study presented the summary of sensory integration intervention based on vestibular-proprioceptive system for Korean children. More studies with high level of evidence and various study designs need to be followed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of sensory integrative intervention on postural control and occupational performance (play) of the preschool child with postural disorder. Methods : Subject of this study was a 5 years and 8 month old boy. The subject underwent a sensory integration (SI) treatment which was part of the SI clinic course administered by the Korean Sensory Integration Society, in 2012. The treatment goal and treatment plan had established based on the evaluation results. Treatment was done with 11 sessions, the treatment activities and the adaptive responses of the subject were measured as outcome of the SI treatment. The goal of sessions were measured as Goal Attainment Scale, and re-evaluation was done on December in 2012. Results : During SI treatment, the subject was improved the stability of proximal body parts so that maintained Supine-Flexion Posture more than 20 seconds. He also showed increased attention span continuously about 1 activity on physical play. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, it was verified that sensory integrative intervention has positive effective on postural control and occupational performance (play) of the preschooler with postural disorder.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

Objective : This study compares sensory processing ability of children with and without spastic diplegia. In addition, it investigates characteristics of sensory processing differentiated by developmental phase such as pre-school age versus school age. Methods : Participants in this study are ordinal children without specific condition and children with spastic diplegia who are aged 3 to 10 years olds. Using Short Sensory Profile (SSP), sensory processing function of the participants was measured. The survey was distributed to caregivers of the children from November, 2013 to February, 2014, and it was suggested that the caregivers to record the questionnaire directly after approval from a rehabilitation hospital, a university hospital, welfare center, day care center, preschool and elementary school to participate in our study. Results : Group of children with spastic diplegia showed lower score than group of children with no special condition in the total score and the each score of all items of Short Sensory Profile. There was significant difference between the two groups in terms of the total score of sensory processing and the 5 factors except tactile sensitiveness and taste/smell sensitiveness among the 7 factors of test. In the comparison of different age groups, pre-school age group showed lower total score than school age group. Conclusion : This study provides a foundational evidence that can be used when therapist evaluate sensory processing function of children with spastic diplegia. There is need for more study about sensory processing functions of various types of children with cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide reference to functional level of sensory integration of in the low-grads school age, based on the Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS) and to examine correlation between the function of sensory integration and academic achievement. Method : Two schools ("J" and "S") have been selected indiscriminately among 56 elementary schools located in Gimhae-si, GyeongNam and then one class from each school was voluntarily chosen among all second-grade classes of the schools. The total number of students in those two classes was 69 (34 boys and 35 girls). Subjects had no developmental problem and no history of referral regarding neurological conditions. Three skilled researchers administrated the COMPS together, and each researcher executed two sub-items of the COMPS. As result of the academic achievement, score data of midterm- and final-exam in the spring semester were collected. The scores of 'Korean language' and 'Math', common examination subjects in both schools, were utilized for data analysis in this study. Results : Statically, there was no significant correlation between the COMPS Weighted Scores and any academic achievements. In a dispersion graphic analysis, however, the total achievement showed significant negative-correlation with the area of 'Rapid Forearm Rotation' and significant positive-correlation with the area of 'Supine Flexion'. In terms of the Math achievement, there are significant negative-correlation with rapid forearm rotation and asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, and significant positive-correlation with the area of 'Supine Flexion'. Students with higher score of the Korean language showed a tendency to get higher Weighted Score and Minus Adjustment Score, and those with lower score of the Math showed a tendency to get higher COMPS scores in all area except the area of 'Supine Flexion'. There was a statically significant difference in the COMPS scores depend on the age among general characteristics. As student older, all COMPS scores, except those in the area of 'Slow Motion' and 'Supine Flexion, were higher. Conclusions : There is somehow reliable correlation between sensory integration function and academic achievement although no statistical significance found in this study. The information from this study may contribute to initiate developing a normative-reference to screen earlier and more alertly sensory integration dysfunctions for school-age children. Further study is recommended trying to find out more reliable matter regarding low grade- schooler's academic achievement.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the types and functions of observations at the stage of child assessment. We can use various methods of evaluation. It includes observation, interview, and standardized tests. Most of occupational therapist using sensory integrative approach usually evaluate their clients based on observations especially in the period of initial assessment. The accurate observation is closely connected with reliability and validity of the assessment. Here present some types of observation and the things we should check in ordinary observing moments. It will be considerable aspect when we study how to improve observation ability of the therapists in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

Objective: This study was to provide a standard for the evaluation of The Korean version of Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile(K-ASP) for University students and to investigate the difference of the subjective sense recognition regarding the characteristics of sensory processing. Method: The subjects consisted of 84 University students. A researcher examined subjective sense recognition and K-ASP for subjects. Visual Analog Scale used to evaluate subjective sense recognition and K-ASP was utilized to evaluate the characteristics of sensory processing. Results: 1. The average scores and standard deviation of K-ASP were $32.93{\pm}7.88$ for low registration group, $39.39{\pm}6.55$ for sensory seeking group, $38.94{\pm}9.13$ for sensory sensitivity group, and $34.24{\pm}7.85$ for sensory avoiding group. 2. The correlation between the total score on an each quadrant and the subjective sense recognition are -.27 for low registration group, .11 for sensory seeking group, .09 for sensory sensitivity group and .12 for sensory avoiding group. It showed the statistically significant correlation between the total score of low registration and the subjective sense recognition group(p<.05). 3. The average scores and standard deviation of the subjective sense recognition were $5.22{\pm}1.56$ for high threshold and $7.28{\pm}1.70$ for low threshold. The subjective sense recognition according to the characteristics of sensory processing showed the statistically significant difference. Conclusions: This study supports the theory that there is the difference of sensory recognition according to each individual and we found that people with difficulties of sensory processing acknowledge their characteristics of sensory processing well. Evaluation of sensory processing ability through interview or questionnaire supports the fact which it is reliable.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the status and trends of Korean child occupational therapy intervention studies according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Methods : In this research, 47 studies on occupational therapy interventions for children that were published between January 2017 and December 2021 in the Journal of Occupational Therapy, registered in the Korea Citation Index, and analyzed the classification of the study type and evidence level to understand the trends. Moreover, intervention objectives and approaches were analyzed on the basis of the ICF-CY. Results : The outcomes of the analysis of the articles published in the Journal of Occupational Therapy were as follows: (1) Level IV was the highest evidence level (53.19%). (2) Among the studies, most (53.7%) included school-age children as subjects. Autism spectrum disorders and developmental delays were the most common diagnoses (14.8%). (3) As for the purpose of intervention according to ICF-CY, activity and participation factors were the most common (48.94%), and a sensory approach was frequently used. Conclusion : This study reviewed articles on occupational therapies for children that were published in the Journal of Occupational Therapy to understand the trends in occupational therapy interventions for children in South Korea. For the development of occupational therapies for children in the future, more qualitative research types and studies on various intervention approaches are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.36-49
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Life Balance Inventory (K-LBI) and to present the relationship between life balance and sensory processing. Methods : K-LBI was constructed through forward and backward translation. Convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were tested for college students. To verify convergent validity, correlation analyses between K-LBI and Korean version of Perceived Stress Scale, Korean version of Satisfaction With Life Scale, and Adult Self Report-Achenbach system of empirically based assessment were performed. Split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were also obtained for reliability verification. We performed the correlation analysis between K-LBI and Korean version of Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. Results : A significant correlation was found between K-LBI and the scales for convergent validity. A favorable split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were calculated. The positive correlations were found between relationship life balance and sensory sensitivity/sensation avoiding quadrants. The negative correlation was found between challenges life balance and low registration. Conclusion : This study shows that K-LBI is a valid and reliable tool in Korea. It also provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between life balance and sensory processing.