• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.125-139
• /
• 1996

Organizational commitment is characterized by a strong belief in and acceptance of the organization's goal and values ; a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization ; a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization. The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which influence the organizational commitment and to test the relationship between the clinical nurses' organizational commitment and turnover intention. The subjects were 412 nurses who were working on general wards at three General Hospitals in Chounbuk. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from Sept. 20 to Sept. 31, 1995. The instruments used in this study were Likert-type scale which were Organizational Commitment Scale by Mowday et al, and Turnover Intention Scale by Mobley et al. The questionnaire of organizational characteristics was made through reviewing literature. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with $SPSS-PC^+$ program. Major findings are as follows : 1. Mean scores for organizational commitment were 3.008 and turnover intention 3.167 on a 5 point scale. 2. Age and clinical experience were positively related to organizational commitment(r=.4806, p=.000; r=.4792, p=.000). 3. In the personal variables, hospital type(F=21.374, p=.000), education level(F=5.481, p=.001), position(F=30.867, P=.000), and marital status(t=-5.63, p=.000) of the nurses showed significant differences in organizational commitment. 4. The variables to the organizational characteristic were statistically significant in organizational commitment : formalization(r=.3458, p=.000), human-centered organizational characteristic(r=.4302, p=.000), performance- centered organizational characteristic(r=-.1502, p=.000), payment(r=.2234, p=.000), promotion(r=.2710, p=.000), benefit & service(r=.2325, p=.000), and resource inadequacy(r=-.2172, p=.000). 5. For the purpose of identifying the predicting variables in organizational commitment, stepwise multiple regression is conducted. The results show that age, human-centered organizational characteristic, formalization, hospital type, resource inadequacy, promotion, and benefit & service were significant variables and explained 46% of the variance. 6. Organizational commitment was significantly negatively correlated with turnover intention(r=-.6442, p=.000). As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, organizational commitment is the most powerful variable predicting turnover intention and explained 41.5% of the variance. In conclusion, this study shows that the higher the organizational commitment level, the lower the turnover intention. Therefore, for effective turnover management, it is important to improve the organizational commitment among clinical nurses. In order to enhance the organizational commitment by the clinical nurses, it will be useful to consider significant organizational characteristics variables identified in this study.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.42-55
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for developing effective marketing strategies of nursing organization by identifying the correlation among internal marketing factor, nurses' job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The subjects of this study were 256 nurses who were working in the hospital over 1 year at three university hospitals which had more than 400 beds in seoul and kyung-gido. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were the communication form scale developed by Jo(1995), the welfare scale developed by researcher, the education training scale developed by researcher, the organizational commitment scale developed by Mowday, Porter and Steers(1979). The data were analysed by the SAS package using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Mean scores of internal marketing factors in nursing organization were as follows; horizontal communication 3.42, downward communication 3.32, involvement communication 3.08, upward communication 3.00, education training 2.54, welfare 2.51. The mean score of job satisfaction was 2.79 and organizational commitment was 3.00. 2. Job satisfaction was positively correlated with education training (r=0.54, p=0.0001), upward communication(r=0.49, p=0.0001). welfare (r=0.40, p=0.0001), horizontal communication(r=0.33, p=0.0001), involvement communication(r=0.25, p=0.0001) of internal marketing factors in nursing organization, but negatively correlated with downward communication(r=-0.16. p=0.0082). Organizational commitment was positively correlated with upward communication(r=0.48, p=0.0001), education training (r=0.42, p=0.0001), horizontal communication(r=0.36, p=0.0001), welfare (r=0.34, p=0.0001), involvement communication(r=0.25, p=0.0001) of internal marketing factors in nursing organization. but negatively correlated with downward communication(r=-0.20, p=0.0014). In conclusion. the results of this study showed that the internal marketing factors were highly correlated with nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Therefore, for nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment's improvement, it is important to develop the education training program. to improve welfare system and to actualize upward communication. among internal marketing factors.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2004

Objectives: In the past, latent dreams were emphasized in the psychiatric field, but these days the interest in manifest dreams is increasing as ego psychology develops. Hall and Nordby proposed that there are similarities between manifest dreams and real life. The Hall/Van de Castle System is a method of dream content analysis, which considers both the quantitive and qualitive analytic aspects of manifest dreams. Methods: The dreams of 232 males and females (M：F=127：105；mean age=21.02.7) were collected through the Most Recent Dream Method. Collected data were analyzed using the Hall/Van de Castle System. Results: Female subjects tended to be more detailed and meticulous in reporting their dreams. The dreams of male subjects showed a higher percentage in self-negativity (2=6.64, df=1, p=0.004), and the dreams of female subjects showed a higher percentage in group character (2=6.64, df=1, p=0.0099), dreamer-involved success (2=3.12, df=1, p=0.048), and good fortune (2=4.52, df=1, p=0.034). Conclusion: This study suggests the norm of dream content of Korean college students, and it presents the differences between Korean males and females, and between Korean college students and American college students. This study may contribute to further studies on dream content analysis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.71-84
• /
• 2004

This study analyzes the factors involving clinical practice which have an influence on the satisfaction of students majoring in physical therapy at colleges or universities located in the Pusan and Kyungnam area. We investigated using a self-reporting method 305 students receiving a grade point average between 2.0 and 4.0 and who had finished their clinical practice. We also investigated the characteristics of clinical settings which make up the clinical practice, the general characteristics of the students involved and the characteristics of a clinical teaching method performed by physical therapists versus a teaching method by a professor of a university. The number of students divided according to educational background are as follows: 149 people (48.9% of the total group) were 4 year students, 156 people were 3 year students (51.1% of the total group). Sixty-nine students' or 22.6% of the group were men while women consisted of 236 persons or 77.4% of the group. Four year students had a longer clinical practice period than that of the 3 year students (p<.05). An average satisfaction score of students with their clinical practice was 3.84. The satisfaction scores showed no significant difference between genders, educational backgrounds, and grades. (p>.05). There were no significant differences in the satisfaction score of students with their clinical practice was 3.84. The satisfaction scores showed no significant difference between genders, educational backgrounds, and grades. (p>.05). There were no significant differences in the satisfaction scores regarding the student management system among varying gender or educational backgrounds between the 3 year and 4 year programs. The average satisfaction score with the environment of the physical therapy room was 3.35. And there were no significant differences in the physical therapy room satisfaction score based on sex or educational system (p>.05). The most influential factor of determining clinical practice satisfaction was a student management system of the clinical practice (p<.01). The next most influential factors were the clinical practice period (p<.05), size of facilities (p<.01) and relationship with physical therapists (p<.01) ($R^2$=.554).

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 1999

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify hospice volunteers' perception of the death. Methods : This study was conducted with 327 adults who registered for the hospice volunteer education program in Severance Hospice Center from 1996 through 1999. The 4-years data was collected through a self-reporting questionnaire constructed and revised by the authors. The questionnaire was classified into 5 categories. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS/W. Results : 1) Hospice volunteers were mostly female(93.9%) with an average age of 48 years. The majority(82.6%) of the participants were Protestant. 2) From the 4-years data over 90 percent of participants thought of death as a process of life and responded positively to these three items : 'Death is a temporary separation from family', 'I will die in peace', 'Faith in God results in a freedom from fear of death'. 3) Age were statistically relevant to the following items: 'I often read the obituaries in the newspaper', 'Dying is a tragedy', and 6 items were significantly related to religion: 'I rarely think of dying unexpectedly', 'Death is a temporary separation from family'. 'Dying is a tragedy', 'We have to do our best to prolong life by use of modem medical technology', 'I feel comfortable thinking of death and dying, 'Faith in God results in a freedom from fear of death'. The finding that religiosity was related to perception of death is consistent with other reports. And $40{\sim}50$ year old Protestant women had more positive perception of death than $20{\sim}30$ year old women. Conclusion : The findings indicated an importance of considering the age and religiosity when we educate the hospice volunteers. And that will be a important basic-data to develope program for hospice volunteers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.364-373
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body composition, biochemical parameters, and consumption of convenience foods according to ${\beta}$-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism in university students. A survey was conducted on a total of 486 students - 189 males and 297 females. Based on a self-reporting method, questionnaires were administered for over 20 minutes, and ${\beta}$-3 adrenergic receptor and blood samples were also analyzed. The genotype frequencies of ${\beta}$-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism were Trp/Trp homozygote (73.0%) and Trp/Arg heterozygote (27.0%) in male students. For the female students, the distribution of genotypes was Trp/Trp (71.0%) and Trp/Arg (29.0%). There were no differences according to biochemical parameters (ALT, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and hemoglobin) or body composition. Males with TT genotype frequently ate Ramyon (2.40${\pm}$0.52), Cup Ramyon (2.37${\pm}$0.39), Kimchi (2.23${\pm}$0.61), and frozen meat (2.00${\pm}$0.44), whereas males with TA genotype ate Fries (frozen food) (1.90${\pm}$0.79), Smoked meat (1.67${\pm}$0.81), and Canned fruit (1.64${\pm}$0.81). Females with TT genotype frequently ate Frozen fries (2.21${\pm}$0.35), Kimbab (2.12${\pm}$0.44), and Ramyon (1.85${\pm}$0.40), whereas females with TA genotype frequently ate Kimchi (1.73${\pm}$0.98), Fries (frozen food) (1.46${\pm}$0.26), and Cup Ramyon (1.30${\pm}$0.34). When questioned about satisfaction about body shape, 22.8 and 60.8% of those with TT genotype answered that they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'lose weight', respectively, whereas 18.0 and 63.9% of those with TA genotype answered that they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'lose weight', respectively. In conclusion, this study found no significant effects in terms of ${\beta}$-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism, which suggests that health-promoting education needs to be developed so that university students appropriately recognize their bodies and control their weight in desirable ways. Therefore, it is necessary to educate individuals with TT genotype how to buy reasonable foods by understanding the interrelationship between convenience foods and health care and by checking the nutrition index labels on convenience foods. Thus, it is recommended that a health-promoting program be developed for the promotion of healthy lifestyles.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2010

National Cancer Screening Project and Korean Society of Breast Imaging recommend that breast cancer screening should be performed on those aged 40 and above. Nevertheless, this recommendation is usually ignored by a number of medical institutions. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the necessity of an age limitation in screening mammography. Ten institutions were randomly selected and telephone inquiries about patients' age limitation and internal guidelines were set up. The 3,214 women, who underwent screening mammography through 'GE Senography 2000D' in each hospital, were classified into five groups according to age(from 20s to 40s, at intervals of 5). And then, collected data was analyzed by a radiologist in accordance with ACR-BIRADS(American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), through which breast parenchymal density and the results of analysis were categorized in order to predict the sensitivity of mammography. Information about craniocaudal-view mammograms was automatically produced by use of GE Senography 2000D, and the average glandular dose was retrospectively analyzed through the program 'Excel 2007.' Two institutions did not set the age limitation. Other seven institutions internally allowed those who wanted to receive mammography regardless of age. Approximately 99% of those aged 20 to 29 were judged as having the dense breast. In those aged 35 to 39, breast parenchymal density tended to be lower, but the fatty breast to increase. In the case of 'category-zero' that does not need additional tests, the rate of 'heterogeneously dense' and 'extremely dense' reached to 83.1% and 15.1% respectively. Regarding dense breasts, there was no sufficient information for image reading. The glandular dose, applied to 3,214, was 1.47mGy on the average. In those aged 20 to 24 who are sensitive to radiation, the average glandular dose indicated 1.59mGy. Those aged 35 and above showed the lowest value, 1.43mGy. In those aged 35 to 39, the breast tended to change from denseness to fattiness. The average glandular dose was lowest in those aged 35 and above, which suggests that screening mammography should be periodically performed on those aged 35 and above in order that breast cancer may be early detected. On the other hand, in those aged less than 35, it is difficult to analyze mammograms due to the high density of breast parenchyma, and also retakes become frequent. In particular, subjects may be exposed to excessive doses. Accordingly, it should be substituted by breast self-examination or clinical breast examination. In case of need, it is advisable to perform ultrasonography.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.71-85
• /
• 2002

The purpose of study was to find out the relation ship between health perception and health status of clinical nurses. It also identified factors that related to health perception and health status of clinical nurses. The research design was descriptive correlational study. The subjects were consisted of 289 clinical nurses at the university hospital in Pusan. The data were collected from Feb. 12th to Feb. 28th, 2001 by self reporting structured questionnaires. The instruments used for this study were health perception questionnaire developed by Ware and Cornell Medical Index modified by Nam Ho-Chang (1965) for measuring health status. The data were analyzed by SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, mean mark, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The mean score of the health perception was $94.70{\pm}8.93$(range : 29-145), which the item mean mark score was $3.27{\pm}$0.31(range 1-5). The score of subarea of the health perception was the highest score in health concern ($4.57{\pm}0.58$) and the lowest score in rejection of sick role($2.94{\pm}0.32$). 2. The mean score of the health status was $102.83{\pm}7.61$(range: 57-114), which the item mean mark score was $1.80{\pm}0.13$ (range : 1-2). The mean mark score of the physical health status was $62.55{\pm}5.35$($1.69{\pm}0.14$) and the mental health status was $40.28{\pm}3.51$($1.83{\pm}0.16$). 3. There were statistically significant difference in the score of health perception according to the presence of disease(F=4.607, P=.011), job satisfaction (F=12.242, P=.000), and job place(F=2.838, P=.038). 4. There were statistically significant difference in the score of health status according to the age(F=3.164, P=.007), presence of leisure time(F=4.308, P=.039), presence of diseases(F=3.215, P=.042), job experience(F=9.064, P=.000), job satisfaction(F=7.182, P=.001), job place (F=5.638, P=.001), job position (F=3.900, P=.021). 5. Health perception of clinical nurse was shown to be positively related to health status(r=.543, p=.000). In conclusion, health perception of clinical nurse working at the university hospital was relatively high, and health status was fine. And the more health perception was high, the more health status was high. Therefore, the health promotion program for clinical nurses, should included health perception.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.8
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the anxiety, depression, uncertainty, social support, and QoL and to identify the factors influencing QoL in women with thyroid cancer. A descriptive survey was performed from April to October in 2014 with self-reporting questionnaires for depression, uncertainty, social support, and QoL. Participants were 106 women with thyroid cancer who visited a outpatient department of endocrine surgery in a hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. As the results of this study, the mean scores of global QoL were moderate. Anxiety was significantly influenced physical functioning, emotional functioning, and social functioning. Uncertainty was significantly influenced physical functioning and cognitive functioning. Therefore, from the results of this study, nursing practice focused on anxiety and uncertainty relieving care for female thyroid cancer patients to improving QoL. And also, in order to understand the QoL of women with thyroid cancer, it is necessary to deeply understand the QoL through qualitative and quantitative research to determine the QoL by treatment period and treatment type.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.715-727
• /
• 2020

For the empirical analysis in this study, 335 cabin crews from large airline companies and budget airlines were interviewed using self-reporting questionnaires. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. First, of the organizational culture types, the relationship-oriented culture, hierarchy-oriented culture, and task-oriented culture were found to have negative impacts on job stress. Second, the innovation-oriented organizational culture, relationship-oriented culture, and hierarchy-oriented culture were found to have positive impacts on empowerment. Third, empowerment was found to have a negative impact on job stress. Fourth, as for the mediating effect of empowerment, the innovation-oriented culture, relationship-oriented culture, hierarchy-oriented culture, and task-oriented culture were verified to be all significantly mediated by empowerment in their relationship with job stress. As a result, it was shown that cabin crews of airline companies found their work more fun, interesting, and valuable in an organizational structure that was more oriented toward flexibility, rather than the hierarchical, task-oriented cultures that are more focused on control and order. It was also found that empowerment was a mediating factor in the relationship between organizational culture and job stress.