• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1145-1155
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept spirituality and to gain understanding of nursing intervention that may improve spiritual well-being. The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant (1995) was used to clarify the concept. In the study, 'Harmonious interconnectedness', 'Transcendence', 'Integrative Energy' and 'Purpose and Meaning in Life' emerged as the critical attributes of spirituality. The first attribute, 'harmonious Inter- connectedness', has three categories including intrapersonal, (self), interpersonal (others/ nature) and transpersonal (the Supreme Being). The second attribute, 'Transcendence', is defined as the ability to extend one's own self beyond the limits of usual experiences and to achieve new perspectives. This attribute is demonstrated by 'coping with situations', to 'self-healing', and 'transformation'. The third attribute of spirituality is 'Integrative Energy', which integrates all dimensions and acts as a creative and dynamic force that keeps a person growing and changing. 'Integrative Energy is also defined as an inner resource that gives a sense of empowerment. Therefore the highly spiritual person demonstrate 'inner peace', 'growing', 'inner strength,' and 'well-being'. The fourth attribute 'Purpose and Meaning in Life' represents a sense of connectedness with one's inner values and with a greater purpose in life. It is demonstrated by 'hope' and 'a powerful life'. In this study, the antecedents of the spirituality represented as 'spirit' and its potential enablers were 'Introspection/reflection', 'Interconnectedness with all living things', and an 'Awareness of a Higher-Power'. The consequences of this concept may be described as 'physical, psychosocial, and spiritual well-being'. Empirical referents of this are 'purposeful life' 'self-worth' 'hope' 'love' 'service' 'forgiveness' 'trust/belief' 'inner peace' 'self-actualization' 'religious practices' 'transformation' 'inner strength' and 'coping'. In conclusion, spirituality can be defined based on these critical attributes. Spirituality is a dynamic, integrative energy based on a feeling of harmonious interconnection with self, others and a higher power. Through it, one is enabled to transcend and to live with meaning and purpose in life.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.229-242
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• 2009

Objectives : This article aims to find how effective the art therapy is on the improvement of the self expression and the interpersonal relations with others, as medium for verbal communication of schizophrenic patients. Methods : The subject of this study was one schizophrenic patient who had been treated with drugs for five years in W university hospital, as well as counseled by an art therapy oo counsel office in J city. The art therapy had been performed the total 25 sessions, fifty minute per session, one session per week, from November 28 in 2008 to April 27 in 2009. The test was by HTP. Results : The results of this study are as follows: First, in the pretest of HTP, the subject showed a little lethargy, painting very simple house-shaped figures and too simple rectangular figures corresponding to those painted by 4 or 5-year-old children. In the post-test, however, the structures of houses were described concretely and three-dimensionally, and the descriptions of people were changed into concrete figure, by which we could see the improvement effect on the self expression and the interpersonal relations. Second, in the earlier stage, there was little verbal self expression, and little self respect, staring into space and showing passive attitude without positive assertion and expression. In the later stage, however, there were positive assertion and expression, even showing sense of humor. Lastly, in the earlier stage, there were few interpersonal relations. In the later stage, however, eye contacts and the interpersonal relations were increased during conversation and in the art work process, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that the art therapy can be effective on improvement of the self expression and the interpersonal relations with others, as medium for verbal communication of schizophrenic patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.280-289
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of self-esteem on relationships between experience of discrimination and school life maladjustment. This study utilized 648 elementary school students who participated in Community Child Center Children's Panel Survey. Collected data was analyzed through correlation analysis and regression analysis using SPSS Win 21.0 statistical program. First, the experience of being discriminated and discriminating against others were positively related school life maladjustment but were negatively related self-esteem. Second, self-esteem had partially mediated school life maladjustment during discriminating against others. And self-esteem had totally mediated school life maladjustment during being discriminated. Based on these results, this study discusses practical implications for preventing discrimination of children attending community child center.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of professional self-concept and self-efficacy on job satisfaction and to identify the relationship among them in clinical nurses. Methods: The subjects were nurses who were working for three general hospitals in Seoul and Gangwon province for two month starting in July 2007. Three questionnaires were used. One was job satisfaction and the others were professional self-concept and self-efficacy. The data were analyzed by SPSS/PC ver 12.0. Results: The mean score of job satisfaction was 2.99 (range: 1-5). The mean score of professional self-concept and self-efficacy were 2.71(range: 1-4) and 3.49(range: 1-5), respectively. Differences of job satisfaction were significantly related to differences in age, marital status, level of education, clinical career, annual salary, and shift pattern. With respect to job satisfaction, the pearson correlation coefficients were .43 for professional self-concept and .29 for self-efficacy. The multiple regression revealed that the significant predictor of job satisfaction was professional self-concept. Conclusion: This study showed that a strong professional self-concept improves job satisfaction, so professional self-concept improvement programs should be developed to improve job satisfaction and to improve the quality of nursing.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between self-control behavior, social comparison attitude, self-efficacy and health promotion activities of college students who had health related majors (nursing, dental hygiene, health administration). Methods: The subjects consisted of 413 college students. Data were collected by self reported questionnaires that were designed to evaluate self-control behavior, social attitudes, self-efficacy and health promotion lifestyle (HPLP). Data were analyzed using the SPSS/PC win 14.0 program. Results: Upward & parallel comparison, self-efficacy and parents income were positively correlated with health promotion activities by college students. The most significant predictors of health promotion activities for college students were self-efficacy and self-control behavior. Conclusion: Health promotion activities for college students are influenced by self-efficacy, self-control behavior, and upward comparison. In conclusion, to increase the health promotion activities of college students, methods designed to increase self-efficacy should be prepared while considering the self-control behavior and comparative propensity towards others.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.504-509
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• 2016

Purpose. This study aims to present basic data to develop programs suitable to the characteristics of elderly people through a meta-analysis of effectiveness of variables related to psychological effects of programs of elderly people conducted in past 15 years. Methods. The analysis subjects are total 229 articles related to the psychological effects of programs for elderly people and submitted for master or doctor degrees or published in academic journals. CMA2 is used for the analysis. Results. The results of this study shows lower variables of the psychological effect promoting factor group that are highly effective for Life Satisfaction, Self-Efficacy, Self-Respect and Self-Integration and lower variables of suppressing factor group that are highly effective for Loneliness, Tension, Weakness, Anger and Depression. For the effect scale of psychological effect promoting factors, Arts is shown to be the highest followed by Exercise, Consultation, Recollection, Others and Recreation in order. For the effect scale of suppressing factors, Consultation is shown to be the highest followed by Recollection, Arts, Exercise, Others and Recreation) in order. Conclusions. This study has its own meaning for establishing integrated factors of psychological effects of programs for elderly people and presenting realistic data for planing programs suitable for various desires of elderly people.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 1998

this study examined the correlates of adult attachment focused on internal working models of 201 housewives. Findings indicated that 68.3% of subjects were classified as secure whereas 27.5% as avoidant and 4.2% as anxious. Greater security was associated with slightly less avoidance while greater anxiousness was associated with slightly greater avoidance. That is subjects who possessed more security tended to be less avoidant while subjects who possessed more anxiousness tended to be more avoidant. The primary characteristics classifying subjects into those three attachment styles were feelings about closeness dependence and anxiousness in relationships with others. Adult attachment was related in theoretically expected ways to one's history of attachment and parenting. Secure subjects were more likely to report warm/responsive parental caregiving style than insecure styles. Insecure subjects in comparison with secure subjects perceived their mothers as cold inconsistent and ot very responsive. Anxious subjects dscribed their fathers as cold and rejecting. The secure attachment style in comparsion with insecure styles was associated with positive mental models of self and social world indicating greater self-esteem positive beliefs about self and others positive relationships with their children greater marital satisfaction and greater secure attachment to their husbands. These results suggest that internal working model offers a useful perspective on adult attachment.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.66-83
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to learn both effects of the vocal psychotherapy on the self-consciousness and the variety of the self-consciousness on the vocal psychotherapy in return. The research for this study was performed to three subjects who were students of E university, Seoul, ten times for sixty minutes. The subjects were all volunteers for the advertisement on a music-therapy program searching for them on the web site of E university. The vocal psychotherapy program consists of four steps and each of them consists of two to four short terms again. Both before and after the experiment, examinations on self-consciousness were done to recognize the change of the subjects' self-consciousness which would be caused by the vocal psychotherapy activity. After every short term, the subjects were asked to write reports to closely analyze the change of self-consciousness according to the terms and the variety of the subjects. The effect of the vocal psychotherapy activity on the changes of scores in the self-consciousness examination is the first thing to point out on this study. There appeared some personal varieties on the total scores of the examination and scores of some sub-categories. Especially, there were different scores on the private self-consciousness, the public self-consciousness, and the social anxiety between before and after performing the vocal psychotherapy program. Subject A, who had got the best score of all on the scope of the private self-consciousness, showed the steepest decrease on the very scope. On the contrary, the subject showed decrease of scores of the public self-consciousness and the social anxiety in the relatively little rate. Subject B, who had got the highest score of the three on the public self-consciousness, showed the steepest decrease on that of all scopes and showed no difference on the social anxiety scope. In the case of the last one, subject C, who had relatively low scores on the private and public self-consciousness than the others, the private self-consciousness score increased but the public self-consciousness and the social anxiety scores decreased. The changes of the scores of each questions were examined in order to see possible other changes that had not been exposed on the changes of the total and sub-categories scores. As a result of that, of all twenty-eight questions, there were changes about one to two points. Subject A showed the difference with thirteen questions, subject B with sixteen and subject C with nineteen questions. The rate of change of subject C was relatively small but more questions changed and the change of score was wider than the others. Considering all those results, It can be possibly said that the vocal psychotherapy affects the changes of the scores of sub-categories in self-consciousness examination. The next thing to point out on this study is the change of recognition that was exposed on the subjects' report after every short term of the program. As a result of the close analyzing, according to the short terms and variety of self-consciousness, recognizing the way express subjects themselves by voice and recognizing their own voices appeared to be different. How much they cared about others and why they did so were also different. According to the self reports, subject A cared much about her inner thought and emotion and tended to concentrate herself as a social object. There appeared some positive emotional experiments such as emotional abundance and art curiosities on her reports but at the same time some negative emotions such as state-trait anxiety and neuroticism also appeared. Subject B, who showed high scores on the private and public self-consciousness like subject A, had a similar tendency that concentrates on herself as a social object but she showed more social anxiety than subject A. Subject C got relatively lower points in self-consciousness examination, tended to care about herself, and had less negative emotions such as state-trait anxiety than other subjects. Also, with terms going on, she showed changes in the way of caring about her own voice and others. This study has some unique significances in helping people who have problems caused by self-estimation activated with self-consciousness, using voices closely related to one's own self, performing the vocal skills discipline to solve the technical problems. Also, this study has a potentiality that the vocal psychotherapy activity can be effectively used as a way affects the mental health and developing personality.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.470-481
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore self-management support experiences among breast cancer survivors. Methods: Individual in-depth interviews were performed for survivors who had treated breast cancer after completion of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Data were collected from April 2014 to July 2014 and analyzed using phenomenological method by Colaizzi. Results: Five essential themes were found as follows: 1) Need for continuous help and support to maintain self-management, 2) Need for professional resources to carry out regular exercise, 3) Overcoming psychological difficulties through others rather than health care professionals, 4) Disappointment with time with and circumstances of health care consultation, 5) Dependence on means of media for health related information. Conclusion: The results might contribute to an understanding of self-management support experienced by breast cancer survivors in Korea. It is suggested that evidence-based program for self-management support should be developed and applied to nursing intervention for breast cancer survivors.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2022

Self-powered sensors play an important role in everyday life, and they cover a wide range of topics. These sensors are meant to measure the amount of relevant motion and transform the biomechanical activities into electrical signals using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) since they are sensitive to external stimuli such as pressure, temperature, wetness, and motion. The present advancement of TENGs-based self-powered wearable, implantable, and patchable sensors for healthcare monitoring, human body motion, and medication delivery systems was carefully emphasized in this study. The use of TENG technology to generate electrical energy in real-time using self-powered sensors has been the topic of considerable research among various leading scholars. TENGs have been used in a variety of applications, including biomedical and healthcare physical sensors, wearable devices, biomedical, human-machine interface, chemical and environmental monitoring, smart traffic, smart cities, robotics, and fiber and fabric sensors, among others, as efficient mechanical-to-electric energy conversion technologies. In this evaluation, the progress accomplished by TENG in several areas is extensively reviewed. There will be a discussion on the future of self-powered sensors.