• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

The elements that determine the success of development projects on goats and the prerequisites for ensuring this are discussed in the context of the bewildering diversity of goat genetic resources, production systems, multifunctionality, and opportunities for responding to constraints for productivity enhancement. Key determinants for the success of pro-poor projects are the imperatives of realistic project design, resolution of priorities and positive impacts to increase investments and spur agricultural growth, and appropriate policy. Throughout the developing world, there exist 97% of the total world population of 921 million goats across all agroecological zones (AEZs), including 570 breeds and 64% share of the breeds. They occupy a very important biological and socioeconomic niche in farming systems making significant multifunctional contributions especially to food, nutrition and financial security, stability of farm households, and survival of the poor in the rural areas. Definitions are given of successful and failed projects. The analyses highlighted in successful projects the value of strong participatory efforts with farmers and climate change. Climate change effects on goats are inevitable and are mediated through heat stress, type of AEZ, water availability, quantity and quality of the available feed resources and type of production system. Within the prevailing production systems, improved integrated tree crops - ruminant systems are underestimated and are an important pathway to enhance C sequestration. Key development strategies and opportunities for research and development (R and D) are enormous, and include inter alia defining a policy framework, resolution of priority constraints using systems perspectives and community-based participatory activities, application of yield-enhancing technologies, intensification, scaling up, and impacts. The priority for development concerns the rainfed areas with large concentrations of ruminants in which goats, with a capacity to cope with heat tolerance, can be the entry point for development. Networks and networking are very important for the diffusion of information and can add value to R and D. Well formulated projects with clear priority setting and participatory R and D ensure success and the realisation of food security, improved livelihoods and self-reliance in the future.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2009

For many large-scale applications of high-temperature superconducting materials, large critical current density ($J_c$) in high applied magnetic fields are required. A number of methods have been reported to introduce artificial pinning centers in $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ films for enhancement of their $J_c$. We studied the microstructures and characteristic of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ films fabricated on $SrTiO_3$ (100) substrates with ZnO nanorods as pinning centers. Au catalyst nanoparticles were synthesized on STO substrates with self assembled monolayer to control the number of ZnO nanorods. The density of Au nanoparticles is approximately $240{\sim}260{\mu}m^{-2}$ with diameters of $41{\sim}49nm$. ZnO nanorods were grown on STO by hot-walled PLD with Au nanoparticles. Typical size of ZnO nanorod was around 179 nm in diameter and $2{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in length respectively. YBCO films deposited directly on STO substrates show the c-axis orientation, while YBCO films with ZnO nanorods exhibit any mixed phases without any typical crystal orientation.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.63-87
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance rate of regular health instruction by school nurses and its related factors. These data were collected by questionnaire in Mar. 1990. Total 986 school nurses who have been working primary, secondary schools in Seoul were given the questionnaire, and 672 school nurses' respectively, were finally analyzed. Analysis of the data was done utilizing SPSS/PC+for percentage, frequency, mean, $X^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, regression. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1. Thc performance rate of regular health instruction by school nurses was 77.7% of 552 respondents. 2. The school nurses in primary school(87.0%) were more likely to perform regular health instruction than the school nurses in secondary school (63.8%). 3. The teachers of regular health instruction were more likely to display favorable attitudes toward need of health instruction. The school level was not statistically significant(P>0.05). 4. The evidence from the data analysis supported the proposition that the teachers of regular health instruction had more positive attitude toward the establishment of health subject(80.3%). The school level was statistically significant(P<0.05). 5. The school principal was a highly significant factor as it affected the performance rate of regular health instruction by school nurses. The school level was statistically significant(P<0.001). 6. The length of past career, the degree of self confidence on health instruction, the need of health instruction did affect the performance rate of regular health instruction by school nurses. On the basis of the above mentioned, so as for regular health instruction of school to be activated more throughly, regular class must be introduced in the form of establishment of health subject, enhancement of quality on the part of school nurses, made and various methods for enhancing perception toward the regular health instruction on the part of school principal are to be carried out.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1283-1283
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• 2001

NIR spectroscopy has been used extensively to investigate the structure of water, alcohol and other self-associate molecules because the frequencies of NIR bands due to OH and NH groups strength of hydrogen bonds. We have studied the structure of water -methanol mixtures by use of NIR spectroscopy. Strong features in the 7200-6300 $cm^{-1}$ / region consist of a number of overlapped bands due to the combination of OH antisymmetric and symmetric stretching modes of water and the first overtone of the OH stretching modes of free and hydrogen bonded methanol, while weak fratures in the 6000-5800 cm-1 region are ascribed to the first overtones of $CH_3$ stretching modes of methanol. We will focus the discussion on the $CH_3$ stretching bands. They seem to show a significant shift is not clear from the spectra shown in figure 1(a). Figure 1(b) depicts the second derivative in the 6000-5700 $cm^{-1}$ / region. Now, it is clear from the second derivative that there are two major bands near 5950 and 5900 $cm^{-1}$ / and that they do show a shift be about 30 $cm^{-1}$ / Why do the $CH_3$ bands show the shift with increasing concentration of methanol\ulcorner Probably, the CH, group interacts directly with OH groups of water. The results in figure 1(b) demonstrate the usefulness of the second derivative in resolution enhancement as well as the potential of NIR spectroscopy in the studies of molecular interactions.(Figure omitted).

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.859-869
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• 2009

물성치와 하중-변위곡선을 일대일 대응 시킬 수 있는 함수를 생성함으로써, 미지 재료에 대한 압입시험 데이터로부터 바로 재료물성을 찾는 압입물성평가 기법을 제시했다. 원뿔형 압입 유한요소해석으로 압입자 중심각이 압입 하중-변위 곡선에 주는 영향을 살펴 보았다. 이로부터 한 압입자 중심각에 대해 같은 Kick's law 계수 C를 갖는 두 재료들이 압입자 중심각이 변하면 서로 다른 C 값들을 가짐을 확인했다. 이어 영률, 항복강도, 변형경화지수와 하중-변위곡선 사이의 상관관계들을 분석하고, 항복변형률이 변형경화 지수와 더불어 중요한 변수임을 확인했다. 이 두 특성들을 바탕으로 이중원뿔형 압입 물성평가 수식들을 작성했다. 1회 압입 후 재료의 영률을 평가하고, 두 압입자를 이용해 얻은 하중-변위 곡선들로부터 곡률계수들을 구해 항복변형률과 변형경화 지수를 구했다. 제시된 물성평가법은 압입 하중-변위곡선들로부터, 압입자 물성과 선단반경에 상관없이, 평균오차 2% 내에서 재료 물성값들을 준다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2017

Wood pyrolysis oil(WPO) has been regarded as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. However, WPO is not feasible for use directly in diesel engines due to its poor fuel quality such as low energy density, high acidity, high viscosity and low cetane number. The most widely used approach to improve WPO fuel quality is to blend WPO with other hydrocarbon fuels that have a higher cetane number. However, WPO and fossil fuels are not usually blended because of their different polarity. Also, clogging and polymerization problems in the fuel supply system can occur when the engine is operated with WPO. Polymerization can be prevented by diluting WPO with other alcohol fuels. However, WPO-alcohol blended fuel does not produce self-ignition. Therefore, additional cetane enhancement to the blended fuel is required to enhance auto-ignitability. In this study, WPO was blended with n-butanol and two cetane enhancements(PEG 400 and 2-EHN) for application to a diesel generator. Experimental results showed that the WPO-butanol blended fuel achieved a very stable engine operation under maximum WPO content of 20 wt%.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.652-661
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• 2015

연구의 목적은 학습자의 사회비교동기 유형에 따라 이러닝 참여도 동기부여자인 EngageGram이 학습자들의 이러닝 참여도에 미치는 영향에 차이가 있는지를 분석하는 것이다. 연구에 참여한 학습자들은 A대학교 '창의적 사고' 교과목을 수강한 144명(남: 106명, 여: 38명)이다. 학습자들의 사회비교동기는 사회비교동기 척도를 활용하는 방법과 학습자들이 이러닝 학습상황에서 EngageGram을 보고 든 느낌이나 생각을 적도록 한 의견을 분석함으로써 사회비교동기 유형을 구분하였다. 연구결과, 사회비교동기 척도를 활용한 경우, 학습자들의 사회비교동기 수준과 이러닝 참여도간 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 이러닝 학습맥락에서 수집한 학습자들의 의견을 분석함으로써 도출한 사회비교유형에 따른 이러닝 참여도에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학습자들은 학습상황에서 대체로 자기보다 참여도가 높은 학습자들을 비교대상으로 선정함으로써 참여동기가 촉진되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구는 학습자의 특성을 고려한 학습분석연구 분야에 유의미한 시사점을 제공하리라 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.552-562
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify the patterns and significant predictors influencing hospitalization of Korean men for alcohol use disorder. Methods: A descriptive study design was utilized. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 143 inpatients who met the DSM-5 alcohol use disorder criteria and were receiving treatment and 157 social drinkers living in the community. The questionnaires included Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Alcohol Problems, Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ), Life Position, and The Korean version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-K). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, F-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and logistic regression with forward stepwise. Results: AUDIT had significant correlations with alcohol problems, alcohol expectancy, and parents' alcoholism. In logistic regression, factors significantly affecting hospitalization were divorced (OR=4.18, 95% CI: 1.28-13.71), graduation from elementary school (OR=28.50, 95% CI: 8.07-100.69), middle school (OR=6.66, 95% CI: 2.21-20.09), high school (OR=6.31, 95% CI: 2.59-15.36), drinking alone (OR=9.07, 95% CI: 1.78-46.17), family history of alcoholism (OR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.11-5.25), interpersonal relationship problems (OR=1.28, 95% CI:1.17-1.41), and sexual enhancement of alcohol expectancy (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94), which accounted for 53% of the variance. Conclusion: Results suggest that interpersonal relationship programs and customized cognitive programs for social drinkers in the community are needed to decreased alcohol related hospitalization in Korean men.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2017

본 연구는 병원간호사의 의료관련감염 관리지침 수행에 관한 영향요인 간 상호 인과관계를 검증함으로써 수행 증진을 위한 전략을 제시하고자 시도된 융합연구이다. 연구 대상자는 국내 16개 상급종합병원 및 종합병원에서 모집된 388명의 병원간호사이다. 자료수집은 자가보고식 질문지를 이용하여 수집되었고, SPSS 21.0과 AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석되었다. 연구결과, 모형 적합도는 ${\chi}^2=99.64$ (df=14, p<.01), GFI=.94, RMSEA=.10, NFI=.84, CFI=.90이였다. 의도에 대한 예측요인의 설명력은 23.8%였으며, 행위에 대한 예측요인의 설명력은 17.7%였다. 이상의 결과로 의료관련감염 관리지침 수행을 설명하는데 계획된 행위이론이 적절한 이론임을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 경력에 따른 다층모형검정과 사회적 특성이 강한 행위에 대한 조직차원의 영향요인을 포함한 반복 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.34-41
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• 1984

RMOS(refractors metal oxide semiconductor)의 게이트 금속으로 사용되는 Mo2N/Mo 이중층을 N2와 Ar을 혼합하여 저온의 반응성 스펏터링법으로 제조하였다. Ar : N2=95 : 5로 혼합된 가스 분위기에서 반응성 스펏터링을 할 때 Mo2N이 잘 형성되었다. 이렇게 제조한 Mo2N 박막은 면저항이 약 1.20∼1.28Ω/□로서 다결정 실리콘의 1/10정도가 되어 반도체 소자의 동작속도를 크게 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다. 1100℃의 N2분위기에서 PSC(phosphorus silicate glass)를 불순물 확산원으로 하여 소오스와 드레인의 불순물 확산을 할때 Mo2N 박막이 Mo으로 환원되어 확산전의 면저항보다 훨씬 작은 약 0.38Ω/□정도의 면저항을 나타내었다. 본 실험에서 제작한 자기정렬된 RMOSFET의 문턱전압은 약 -1.5V이고 결핍과 증가의 두 가지 동작특성을 나타내었다.