• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.308-313
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• 1995

In relation to shortening generation by using embryo culture of barley immature seed, it is important to find out profitable embryo age for embryo culture and to understand the relationship among embryo and other characters. Two varieties(Olbori and Dusan #12) were cultivated under two growth conditions(15/10 and 25/15$^{\circ}C$). The embryos were aseptically excised when immature seeds were collected 9, 13, 17, 21, 25 and 29 days after heading and cultured on $B_5$ medium. On the 21st day after heading, the length of embryos from top or middle part of spike was longer than that from bottom part. Embryos from bottom part under low temperature condition had the shortest length. Shoot length, root length and root number after embryo culture were little difference among three parts of spike under high temperature condition. Under low temperature, seedlings from bottom part of spike were inferior to those from top or middle part. Length of 29-day-old embryos under low temperature condition was similar to that of 17-day-old ones under high. Under high temperature condition, the length of 17-day-old embryo had positive correlation with kernel width, shoot length, root length and root number, but that of 21-day-old one didn't have. Seventeen-day-old embryos obtained from 25/15$^{\circ}C$ growth condition seem to be efficient to shortening generation by using embryo culture.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to give basic information to sprout-soybean breeding and automated sprout production by investigating the effect of seed size on the sprout growth and texture. Twenty cultivars and lines including large and medium soybean, small interspecific cultivars and extra-small wild soybean lines were used. Seeds were cultured for 4 days using small sprout-culturing kits. Hypocotyl length of large Hwanggeumkong, small Pungsannamulkong and Soyoung were longer and wild soybean lines were shorter than other cultivars. Fresh sprout weight and growth rate per unit dry seed weight of wild soybean lines ware increased dramatically and more than other cultivars between 48 to 72 hours after culture. Not only the increasing rate but sprout yield ratio to used dry seed weight showed the negative relationship pattern with seed size. The hardness of hypocotyl in Jangyeubkong, mastication in Taekwang, and cutting force in Eunhakong were the highest as 3,505 g, 1,650 g, and 133 g respectively, and texture values of these traits in wild soybean YWS516 were the lowest. Cutting force of soybean hypocotyl showed the positive relationship pattern with seed size. Breaking force of hypocotyl in large Jangyeobkong was the highest as 83.5g and wild soybean lines were the lowest showing the same pattern as other textural characters.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

In order to select excellent cross parents for development new cultivar of low temperature tolerant, combining ability was conducted by 24 cross combinations obtained from crosses between 'Dahong', 'Gamhong', 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang' as seed parents and 'Dahong', 'Gamhong', 'Maehyang', 'Sugyeong', 'Sunhong', 'Wongyo 3111' as pollen parents. The results showed that two cultivars of 'Dahong', 'Gamhong' were not suitable for seed parents. Because average fruit weight in case of 'Dahong' as a seed parent was the tendency to become the smallest in total cross combinations, survival ratio in case of 'Gamhong' as a seed parent was the lowest in total cross combinations. And fruit hardness in case of 'Sunhong' as a pollen parent was the tendency to low, incidence of malformed fruit in case of 'Sugyeong' as a pollen parent was the tendency to be increased. Therefore, two cultivars of 'Sunhong', 'Sugyeong' was also not suitable for pollen parents. But In case of 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang' as seed parents, germination percent and survival rate were relatively higher than other seed parents, fruit quality and yield had also excellent. Therefore, there could be selected to 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang' as seed parents and 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', 'Wongyo3111' as pollen parents. Especially, the crosses 'Maehyang' × 'Seolhyang', 'Seolhyang' × 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang' × 'Wongyo3111' were suitable for cross combination for development new cultivar of low temperature tolerant to be demonstrated the excellence as cross parents in sugar contents, fruit weight, fruit hardness and yield.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2000

To enhance in vitro plantlet regeneration efficiency of soybean through embryogenesis, the culture conditions such as material part and size of immature seed, 2,4-D, pH and solidifying agents for somatic embryogenesis were investigated. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the immature embryo, immature cotyledon and embryonic axis explants of the immature seed on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D. The highest rate (up to 22.9%) of somatic embryogenesis was obtained from the immature cotyledon, following embryonic axis and the immature embryo. The rate varied with the developmental stages of seed. The maximum rate (25.4%) of embryogenesis was obtained from 3-4 mm length of the seed (after 25 days of flowering). The optimum concentration of 2,4-D for embryogenesis was 10 mg/L. The optimum pH was at 5.8 and solidifying agent for medium was better with 0.4% gelrite than with agar. For rapid multiplication of shoot tips from the germinating somatic embryos, they were cultured on MS medium containing 2 mg/L indole-3-butyyic acid (IBA) and 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA). After then somatic embryos with one and three cotyledons were transferred to the growth regulator free medium. The medium exhibited the higher rate (ca. 50%) of development than the multiplication medium.

• ALGAE
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2020

Sargassum macrocarpum is a rich source of anti-inflammatory compounds. Recently, one of the compounds, tuberatolide B, has been reported as a functional anti-inflammatory additive for foods and nutraceuticals. The artificial seeding, growth and maturation of S. macrocarpum were investigated from May 2018 to September 2019. Indoor culture experiments for induction of egg release were conducted at temperatures of 17, 20, 23, and 26℃ and irradiances of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1 under 14 : 10 h (L : D) photoperiod. Within a given treatment combination, higher temperatures and irradiance levels favoured the maturation of receptacles in S. macrocarpum. Using artificial temperature and irradiance control, thalli matured one month earlier than thalli in nature. Under natural condition, receptacle formation began in April, and the eggs were released in June and July. The release of eggs from the receptacles was promoted at 17-20℃ and 40-80 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1, and the fastest growth of germlings occuring at 15-17℃ and 40 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1. For mature thalli, 300 g wet-weight was sufficient to seed 100 m of seed string. Thalli grew to 10.5 ± 2.6 cm in length at a density of 6.7 ± 3.3 individuals m^-1 after 1 year of cultivation, from germination. This study demonstrates that it is possible to cultivate S. macrocarpum for the production of anti-inflammatory products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.112-116
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• 1999

In theprevious Hizikia cultivation, holdfasts were threw into the sea after harvesting in May; the young thalli(5$\~$10cm in length) of Hizikia are annually collected from natural bed by seed collectors for the cultivation, resulting in a ruined natural populations. Therfore, the reuse method of holdfasts by regeneration capability of Hizikia fusiformis, was investigated. The effects of emergence on the growth of regenerated thalli from holdfasts over 6 months of outdoor culture from May to November, 1995. The vegetative growth from the holdfasts was good under the emergence of 3hrs/day on the air than 0, 1 and 2hr/day. The regeneration of holdfasts was determined by measuring total length, number of stipe and weight. The growth was facilitated under the exposure condition of 1$\~$3 hrs/day on the air. Outdoor cultivation for the comparsion of to artifical natural seeds were conducted from December 1995 to May 1996. There was no significant differences(0.05< P) between the two kinds of seeds. Therefore, artificial seed maybe used as a replacement for the natural seed in Hizikia cultivation. From the results, an useful method was established to obtain young fronds for the cultivation using the reuse method of holdfast, to conserve the natural population of Hizikia.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to determine a high-fiber variety of sprout bean and bean sprout. Sixty-six varieties of Korean sprout beans and thirty varieties of Korean bean sprouts were analyzed for their total dietary fiber (TDF) using a combination of enzymatic and gravimetric methods adopted by AOAC. The average and range of the TDF contents of the 66 varieties of sprout beans were 21.73$\pm$2.43% and 16.60~29.2% (dry basis), respectively. The top five types of sprout beans with high TDF anions the 66 samples were KLG10658 (29.2%), Dawonkong (28.46%), Sohokong (25.66%), Moohankong (25.465%) and Samnamkong (24.94%). The mean TDF content of sprout beans was relatively high in the variety with yellow seed coat color and a smaller seed size (<15 g/100 seeds) than the ones with other colors and of medium or large seed size. The average and range of the TDF content of the 30 varieties of bean sprouts were 24.48$\pm$3.9% and 18.3~33.38%, respectively. Dawonkong sprouts showed the highest TDF content (33.38%). The average TDF content of bean sprouts was 1.16 times higher than that of the corresponding seed beans. The TDF content of bean sprouts did not significantly change during the days of culture. The TDF content in the different parts of the bean sprout were high in the order of roots, hypocotyl and cotyledon.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.299-306
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• 1995

The objective of this study is to establish an efficient celll culture system for somatic embryogenesis in Ostericum koreanum and Angelica purpuraefolia. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus on immature seeds of O. konanum and A, purpuraefolia. was obtained when seeds were cultured on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BA. However somatic embryos were formed directly from the edge of cotyledon and hypocotyl of plant which regenerated on medium supplemented with 0.1-3.0 mg/L NAA. Immature seed explane cultured at 25$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ after 10 days treatment at 5$^{\circ}C$ produced embryogenic callus and somatic embryos, and these differentiated into whole plane. Addition of glutamine and coconut milk to media did not enhance the frequency of somatic embryogenesis in immature seed cultures of A. purpuraefolia. However in immature seed culture of O. koreanum, the frequency of somatic embryogenesis were increased on media supplemented with glutamine and 10% coconut milk. Especially addition of glutamine to the medium substituted effect of NH$_4$N0$_3$ in constast to coconut milk. The highest frequency of conversion somatic embryos into plantlet was 89.1% on MS basal medium Embryogenic calli were grown vigorously when maintained on medium with 0.01 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.01 mg/L BA.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.573-578
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• 2012

A total of eleven Chinese cabbage accessions were used for microspore culture and were grown to take basal data. Based on the collected data, breeding materials were chosen to develop new improved Chinese cabbage cultivars. The range of microspore-derived embryoid taken from flower buds was 1.6 to 35.4 embryoids. The embryoids from IT26110 and IT26153 among the Chinese cabbages were more than 34 per flower bud. The viability rate after cold treatment was low from 0.2 to 11.7%. The range of fertility rate was 7.7 to 58.8% in general but the IT26118, IT26122, IT26128, IT26130, and IT26164 were more than 50%. The result of their seed production ability by selfing was 11.9 seeds per siliqua in IT26128 while the others were less than 10 seeds. In the microspore culture using parents of different hereditary, the number of embryoids, the number of plants, the rate of fertility and their pure seed production ability appeared to be very different in doubled haploid lines obtained from fertile plants of Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2005

In an effort to optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), an efficient plant regeneration system from seed-derived calli was established. MS medium containing 6 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.1 mg/L benzyladenine (BA) were optimal for embryogenic callus formation from mature seed and had a strong effect on successive plant regeneration. The plant regeneration frequency above 50% was observed when embryogenic calli induced in this medium were transferred to N6 medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L BA. Among several basic media, MS and N6 medium were optimal for callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively. 'Kentucky-31' showed to have high frequencies of embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration up to 58.3 and 50%, respectively. Addition of sucrose to the regeneration medium as a carbon source increased regeneration frequency up to 55%. A short tissue culture period and high-frequency regeneration system established in this study will be useful for molecular breeding of tall fescue through genetic transformation.