• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-61
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• 1999

A rapid growth of science parks worldwide since 1980s is caused by both the widespread perception that technological innovation is the essential element for the economic development and the notified cases of successful high technology cluster like Silicon Valley. Analyzed in terms of R & D employment and expenditure, new product launches, patent registration, qualifications of the founder, self-rated technological level and the like, the technological level of the science parks in the U.K. reveals very high. While nealy half of the firms on the science parks are represented to be formally linked with universities, the use of the library is referred most frequently among the types of the linkages. R & D links such as contract research, sponsored research, test and analysis were rarely mentioned. Summing up, science parks play an important role for the development of high-tech industries with superior technological characteristics. But in reatlity, there remains so much difference among the individual parks and their location. In addition the individual parks and their location. In addition, institutionalization of the technology transfer with univeristies that only when the science parks are based on the innovative environment they can be successful in the capability of the technological innovation.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.153-167
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• 2021

Background and objective: With the revision of the Act on Urban Parks, Green Areas, Etc. in 2013, the "urban agricultural park" was newly established under the subcategory of "themed park," thereby establishing the institutional basis for the creation of urban agricultural parks. However, urban agricultural parks are still in the early stages of their introduction. There is a lack of research on direction setting and specific operation management that considers urban residents' needs and the city's physical infrastructure. Methods: We utilized the public service design process suggested by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety of the Republic of Korea in 2019 to identify problems and develop directions for urban agricultural parks. The process consisted of the following four steps: Understanding, Discovering people's needs, Defining real problems, and Developing ideas. Results: As four types of ideas for revitalizing urban agricultural parks, 'information users want to know,' 'user participation in design,' 'venue for local communities,' and 'urban agricultural parks as health and rest areas' were derived. This means that urban agricultural parks must provide the information users want; users must plan, decide, and implement such information by directly participating in the creation and efficient management and operation of urban agricultural parks; and urban agricultural parks must be used as a venue for local communities. Urban agricultural parks should also be spaces for health and relaxation. Conclusion: Urban agricultural parks should avoid the unified space and passive participation patterns of existing urban parks, and become real spaces for resident participation that can satisfy all the production, leisure, landscape, ecology, and psycho-social needs of the users of urban agricultural parks. Furthermore, it is necessary to introduce a more systematic and diverse operating system so that it can work to revitalize the local community and connect organically with the function of the city.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-54
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• 2014

Recently, investment to basic science has been increased and infrastructure of science and technology has been expanded in developed countries like U.S.A, UK and Japan to foster high-tech industries. Science and research parks are built and under operation to acquire national competitive power and to activate regional economy over the world today. It is argued that more synergy effects are generated when science and research parks are operated in cooperation with related organizations and facilities such as firms, universities, research institutes and governments than it is operated by one organization. The aim of this paper is to develop a governance model of science and research parks. One comprehensive model and three individual governance models were developed according to the structure and relations of industry-science/research park-supporting organization interactions. When governance model of science and research parks is established and properly managed, national development capacity would be greatly enhanced through the acceleration of technology transfer, industrial production rise and enhancement of efficiency in the area of R&D and supporting system etc. One of the key factors in building governance system for science and research parks is establishing a control tower that supervises governance system comprehensively and systematically.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.427-436
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• 2010

In this study this author made research and analysis on physical status and characteristics of community parks in Ik-san provinces and also depending on its potential resources such parks were classified into constructed parks and unconstructed parks and status of use of such parks and level of satisfaction were studied. Through this paper this author strived to provide basic data required for forming green track of land for the parks. Required time for visiting community parks either constructed or unconstructed type was within 40 minutes or less. However constructed parks appeared to be more convenient for access in comparison with natural unconstructed parks. Mostly they were used by residents in neighboring community and also residents in the area around it were found as using it frequently. At the time of using community parks either constructed or unconstructed types means of access were mostly by walking or by riding bicycles. Thus considering large number of users of such parks are from neighboring community it appeared that parks with its simplicity and convenience in terms of distance and with rich nature were preferred by users rather than large scale parks at distance. In terms of time frame of use and motivation of visit constructed parks were used mainly for exercise and relaxation in the morning at parks and its facilities whereas un constructed parks were mostly used in the afternoon for for walking and chatting and rest under with time to spare at shadows of its trees. Time spent at parks were composed mostly of rest and walking more frequently than exercise and leisure activity thus it was different from motivation for visiting parks. As for evaluation of use of parks natural elements, unique environment, trees and lawns featured highly in unconstructed parks in comparison with constructed parks. Thus it seemed visitors are more conscious of forest and landscape in a form of unchanged nature. Thus for community parks first consideration should be heightening accessibility in view of primary concern for convenience by users rather than facilities or environmental conditions.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.44-58
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• 2018

The successful development of science parks is dependent on the relevance and delivery of a range of value propositions they offer to their stakeholders. Experience has shown that the benefits of these value propositions are 'place based' and 'time dependent', influenced by the prevailing technology, social and business environments in which they operate, and the relationship that is developed between entrepreneurs, corporates, academia and government in creating these projects, and their performance is dependent on economic, physical and networking assets they create and deploy. This paper looks at some of the history that has influenced the development of parks, lessons learnt from their planning, development and operation. It reviews these details in the context of delivering value propositions in the context of temporal, spatial, technology and entrepreneurial profile of the new idea of 'innovation districts', influencing 'city planning' and supporting 'smart specialisation strategies'.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.545-555
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze land use plans of 61 residential complexes and identify the factors that caused the variation of urban parks and green space ratio depending on the land ownership processing method. The ratio of urban parks and green space of expropriation districts was higher than that of replotting districts. Within the same city and country as well as other regions, the parks and green space ratio of land expropriation districts increased higher than 7% compared to that of replotting districts. The variation of urban parks and green space ratio was mainly related to the ratio of road. Small housing complexes such as detached house and quasi-residential sites resulted to expand space for road construction, thus, the areas of urban parks or green space came to reduce. The average urban parks and green space ratio in the urban development by the expropriation method and replotting method are 24.5% and 16.8% respectively. In order to prevent the reduction of urban parks and green space ratio according to the preference of detached house sites or quasi-residential sites in development zones, it is necessary to make systematic adjustment such as adjusting the urban parks and green space ratio securing standard.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2012

This study is targeted on children's parks in Seogu, Daejeon with the goal of maximizing the usage and versatility of existing parks in the area by the survey and analysis of the general status of children's parks, land use near the parks, population, users, and traits of usage. For the purposes of this thesis this study has selected 65 of the children's parks in the Seogu District to monitor. It also focused on a number of these parks located in areas which underwent a lot of changes and needed an increase in usage and versatility. Based on the selection criteria, the four target parks, Wojeong, Meongwhack, Dosan and Wicdunjimi children's park were selected. The Survey shows that 55.9% of park visitors visited a park to 'rest and take a walk' and used 'main facilities' meaning resting facilities like pergola and benches. In the nighttime, the number of park visitors is so few because of safety problems. 50% of users were satisfied with parks. It shows that there are many respondents who want to recompose these parks as places for light exercise, resting, meeting, and as community symbols. Generally, these target parks don't reach their full potential and they also do not play their proper roles because they are hampered by the constriction of the law. These stick to an outdated idea of what a park should be like without considering the actual and practical needs of city dwellers. When it comes to the remodeling and refurbishing of these parks we have to rethink the planning process so that these parks may be more versatile and practical in order to accommodate the radical changes of users and patterns of usage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.91-103
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to compare the satisfaction of the urban parks and to classify and assess the environmentally-friendly behaviors in the urban parks. For this purpose, the park user's behaviors and satisfactions were surveyed in 10 parks in Seoul and its suburb area. Parks are divided into 2 types, the walking-distance parks and the metropolitan parks, by time to reach, visit frequency and visit purpose. The park users are generally satisfied with the facilities, but not satisfied with some specific items, such as cultural facilities, accommodations for the handicapped, safety facilities and sports facilities. The environmentally-friendly behaviors are positively assessed in general, but the behavior of the natural experience was negatively assessed. The environmentally-friendly behaviors in the urban parks are classified into 2 factors; the experience factor and the activity factor. The parks are categorized into 3 types by these factors. For type I parks, the experience factor is dominant, but the activity factor is relatively low. For type II parks, the both factors are low and the parks are necessary to improve. And type III parks are positively assessed in the aspect of the environmentally-friendly behaviors, even though some park are necessary to complement.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2016

There are very few studies on governance structure for the collaboration between HEIs and science and technology parks until today. Major activities between science parks and HEIs are R&D activities, collaborative researches, technology transfer, space provision for BIs and Technology BIs in the science parks, provision of technical, legal and financial services for start-ups and venture firms. Governance structure for the collaboration of high education institutes with science and technology parks is the handling of complexity and management of dynamic flows of collaboration between two groups. Three models on the governance structure for the collaboration are suggested in this study. The first model is a governance structure that links R&D system such as universities, public research institutes and private research institutes with industrial production cluster such as a group of companies and industrial parks. The second model is a governance structure that has four layers of hierarchy. This hierarchical governance model is composed of four levels of organizations such as central government, three actors, one center for collaboration and many individual research performers. The third model is a governance structure that networks all the stakeholders horizontally. Under this structure, governance is conducted by the network members with no separate and unique governance entity.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 2018

National parks are designated and managed for the purpose of preserving natural ecosystems, nature and cultural scenery, and promoting sustainable utilization in Korea. Since we designated Jirisan as the first Korean national park in 1967, we have now designated and managed 22 national parks. Because these national parks are the core protected areas of the nation and the ecological recreation center for the people, the interests of researchers related to national parks and citizens have steadily increased over the last 50 years. Especially, various natural science researches and social studies on national parks have been conducted with the launch of the Korea National Park Service in 1987, which is dedicated to national park management. However, we still lack research on national park research trends in Korea in spite of the increase in scientific research and public interest. It is important to know who and what institutes are leading national parks research, what research topics have been conducted, what kinds of researches are important in each national park, and how these researches relate to national park management policies. We propose a study to review the national parks related studies that have been carried out so far and identify the research trends. In the pilot study, we collected about 700 research papers on national parks published between 2002 and 2016 through the Korea Citation Index of Korean journals. We are analyzing the number of papers published, research institutes and research topics related to national parks. Analysis of these national park research trends will be necessary for efficient national park management and policy making for future generations.