• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.29-51
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• 2013

In line with network technology development and smart device penetration, the social network service (SNS) has expanded its influence. The SNS which is a service based on communication and sharing among people, has grown based on users' voluntary engagement and participation and its influence has appeared beyond the cyberspace into the overall areas of domestic and foreign culture and society. In particular, SNS-based real-time communication during diverse disasters, can help prevent further damage. By sharing information on social donation activities and environmental campaigns, people have used SNS as a tool to change the society in a more positive way. Such series of activities functioning as a power to change the society have been made much faster and wider through the help of a new media called SNS. To better understand such trends, we are required to study about the SNS and its user relationships first. In this context, this study sought to identify the effects of people's desire to build friendships through SNS on the voluntary and society-friendly activities of people. This study considers online pro-social behavior and proposes online citizenship behavior. Citizenship behavior has been examined in organization context. That is, organizational citizenship behavior explains an employee's pro-social behavior in an organization context. Organizational citizenship behavior is characterized by the individual's helping others and promoting the functioning of the organization. By applying organizational citizenship behavior to an online context, we propose online citizenship behavior, an individual's pro-social behavior in an online context. An individual's pro-social behavior, i.e., online citizenship behavior, could be considered as a way for the better management of online community and society. It also needs to examine the development of online citizenship behavior. This study examined online citizenship behavior from the friendship desire. Because online society or community is characterized by online relationships between members, the friendship between members would lead to pro-social behavior, i.e., helping others and promoting the functioning of the online society, in such online context. This study further examines the antecedents of friendship desire in terms of SNS interactivity with its four factors. The findings based on the survey from real SNS users explain that the three factors of SNS interactivity (connectivity, enjoyment, and synchronicity) increases online friendship desire which then increases online citizenship behavior significantly. This study contributes to the literature by examining the key role of online friendship desire in leading to online citizenship behavior and identifying its antecedents in terms of SNS characteristics. The findings in this study also provide guidance on how to manage online society and how to promote the effective functioning of SNS.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2016

This study examined the friendship expectation that science-gifted and non-gifted elementary students perceived in gifted class and regular class. In 233 science-gifted elementary students and 329 non-gifted elementary students, we measured the friendship expectation that sub-domains were intimacy, ability similarity, and morality. The results of this study were as follows: First, according to the results of comparing the friendship expectations of science-gifted and non-gifted students at the regular class, there was statistically significant intergroup difference in the sub-domains of intimacy and morality, but there was no significant difference in the sub-domain of ability similarity. Second, according to the results of comparing the friendship expectations of science-gifted at the gifted class and at the regular class, there was statistically significant difference in the sub-domain of intimacy, but there was no significant difference in the sub-domains of morality and ability similarity. Based the results, the implications to understand the friendship of the science gifted elementary students were suggested in depth.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.98-110
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare the friendship expectation that gifted students perceived in the gifted class and the regular class. To this study, friendship expectation survey, which sub-domains were intimacy, ability similarity, and morality, was conducted to 121 gifted students. The results of this study were as follows: First, according to the results of comparing the friendship expectations of gifted students in the gifted class and the regular class, there were statistically significant differences in the sub-domains of intimacy and morality. But there was no significant difference in the sub-domain of ability similarity. Second, there were statistically significant differences in the some detail items of all sub-domain(intimacy, ability similarity, and morality). Based the results of this, the implications to understand the friendship of the gifted students were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1142-1151
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate microstructural damage in high myopia (HM) patients using 3T diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 30 HM patients and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) with DKI. Kurtosis parameters including kurtosis fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), and radial kurtosis (RK) as well as diffusion metrics including FA, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity derived from DKI were obtained. Group differences in these metrics were compared using tract-based spatial statistics. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlations between microstructural changes and disease duration. Results: Compared to HCs, HM patients showed significantly reduced AK, RK, MK, and FA and significantly increased AD, predominately in the bilateral corticospinal tract, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left thalamus (all p < 0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement corrected). In addition, DKI-derived kurtosis parameters (AK, RK, and MK) had negative correlations (r = -0.448 to -0.376, all p < 0.05) and diffusion parameter (AD) had positive correlations (r = 0.372 to 0.409, all p < 0.05) with disease duration. Conclusion: HM patients showed microstructural alterations in the brain regions responsible for motor conduction and vision-related functions. DKI is useful for detecting white matter abnormalities in HM patients, which might be helpful for exploring and monitoring the pathogenesis of the disease.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a conflict resolution program on conflict resolution strategies and friendship quality of children. The subjects of this study were higher-grader students of elementary school. Out of the students, 18 were into the experimental group, while the rest were into the control-group. The experimental design was the pretest-posttest control group design, and the 50-minutes conflict resolution program was treated for the experimental group twice per week (a total of 11 sessions). The scale of conflict resolution strategies presented by Ha Ji Wean (2005) and the scale of friendship quality of children presented by Rhee Un Hai and Koh Yun Joo (1999) were used as the measurement tools in this study. In order to supply the limitations of quantitative data, the journals of group participation of each session and the participation reports after the completion of the program were qualitatively analyzed. The results of hypotheses verification were as follows; First, conflict resolution strategies conflict was significant difference in enhancement of the compromising-integrating strategy and the obliging strategy, and reduction of the dominating strategy. Second, friendship quality was significant difference in enhancement of the friendship positive function, and friendship satisfaction, and in reduction of the friendship negative aspect, The results of the study confirmed that the conflict resolution program affected both conflict resolution strategies and the friendship quality of children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.181-193
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• 1994

The purpose of this research was to study differences between reciprocal and unidirectional friendships and to examine evidence on whether certain constituents of friendship can predict the termination of friendships. A total 375 subjects- 190 elementary and 185 middle school children in Pusan- were administered questionnaires two times at an interval of 3 months. Frequency, factor-analysis, t-test, discriminant-analysis, and cross classification analysis were applied for data analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The different constituents of reciprocal and unidirectional friendships were statistically significant. That is, children in reciprocal friendships perceived their relationships more positively, felt closeness more strongly, and evaluated their friend more highly than the children in unidirectional friendships. 2) The termination of reciprocal friendships was predicted by the constituents of friendship. The most powerful predictor was the degree of closeness and the second powerful predictor was the degree of commitment to the relationship and the 3rd powerful predictor was perceived characteristics of the friend. The last powerful predictor was perceived characteristics of the relations. 3) There were no sex differences in the rate of termination of reciprocal relationships. 4) There were age differences in the rate of friendship termination of reciprocal relationships. That is, the rate of termination of reciprocal relationships among older children was higher than among younger children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

This study analyzes the relation of friendship and internet use on adolescents' internet addiction. The subjects were 117 middle and 106 high school adolescents living in Kwang-ju city. Cronbach'a, t-test, x²-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test were employed in analyzing the data by using SPSS 10.0. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: - First of all, most adolescents had a best friend and maintained an affirmative friendship showing high social function and satisfaction. And it was also found that internet use has been settled as a part of daily life among adolescents and over majority of the subjects reported themselves as internet addicts. - Secondly, boys had more friends than girls, but the frequency of interaction with their friends was lower than for girls. Girls showed higher scores in function and satisfaction with friends than boys. And girls used the internet longer than boys. - Thirdly, variables of internet friends and internet use showed significant differences on internet addiction. Groups using the internet frequently, more than usual, and groups using the internet to relax and enjoy showed significantly higher scores in internet addiction.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 1991

This study investigated (1) the relation of aggressiveness to the outcome of conflict, intentional attribution, predicted response, and (2) friendship as a variable affecting intentional attribution and predicted response. The subjects are 78 fifth grade boys selected from a public elementary school located in Seoul. The children were individually tested by the researcher who read the items to the child. Dodge and Somberg's aggression questionnaire and Dodge and Frame's conflict outcome of ambiguosly intended stories were modified for use in this study. The instigator of aggression in the stories was classified as friend or non-friend and aggressive non-friend or nonaggressive non-friend. Two-way analyses of variance involving one between-subjects factor (aggression of subject) and one within-subjects factor (instigator combination) were performed on children's responses to three of the scales (hostile, neutral, positive). The results show that (1) there were differences in intentional attribution to the children's aggressiveness, regardless of the friendship status of the instigator, and (2) the predicted response to aggressiveness varied with type of instigator.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.171-183
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• 2002

This study examined the applicability of creative drama to a social competence program for poorly accepted(socially at-risk) elementary school children. The subjects were 40 $2^{nd}$(n=20) and $5^{th}$(n=20) grade children. The experimental group(n=20) participated in a social competence program that included 18 sessions of the creative drama activities during winter vacation. The Peer Rating Scale, the Peer Competence Scale, and the Quality of Friendship Scale were administered as pre- and post-test. Covariance analyses showed no differences between experimental and control groups on peer competence and quality of friendship, but the children who participated in the program showed some differences in total scores and sub-areas on quality of friendship by grade and level of peer pre-acceptance.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.931-942
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide a counseling program basis for the department satisfaction in dental hygiene department according to the subjective factors of happiness in dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 197 dental hygiene students in Gwangju from April 10 to 30, 2017. From collected data, general characteristics, happiness index and department satisfaction of the subjects were investigated. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The happiness index according to general characteristics showed a significant difference in grade, character, friendship, academic achievement, pocket money satisfaction and health condition. The department satisfaction according to general characteristics showed a significant difference in grade, age, character, motivation for further study, friendship, academic achievement, pocket money satisfaction, health condition, sleep time. Happiness index showed a significant correlation with department satisfaction. The happiness index was higher as the department satisfaction was higher. Factors that affect happiness index are friendship, health condition, relationship satisfaction, perception satisfaction, school satisfaction, curriculum satisfaction and department satisfaction. Conclusions: The happiness index was higher as the department satisfaction was higher. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various programs to increase the happiness.