• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.191-210
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• 2021

To compare the antifungal effect of two nanomaterials (NMs), nanoparticles of zinc oxide were synthesized by a chemical route and zinc oxide-based nanobiohybrids were obtained using green synthesis in an extract of garlic (Allium sativum). The techniques of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopies and Scanning (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopies (TEM) were used to determine the characteristics of the nanomaterials synthesized. The results showed that the samples obtained were of nanometric size (< 100 nm). To compare their antifungal capacity, their effect on Cercospora sp. was evaluated. Test results showed that both nanomaterials had an antifungal capacity. The nanobiohybrids (green route) gave an inhibition of fungal growth of ~72.4% while with the ZnO-NPs (chemical route), inhibition was ~87.1%. Microstructural studies using High Resolution Optical Microscopy (HROM) and ultra-structural analysis using TEM carried out on the treated strains demonstrated the effect of the nanofungicides on the vegetative and reproductive structures, as well as on their cell wall. To account for the antifungal effect presented by ZnO-NPs and ZnO nanobiohybrids on the fungi tested, effects reported in the literature related to the action of nanomaterials on biological entities were considered. Specifically, we discuss the electrical interaction of the ZnO-NPs with the cell membrane and the biomolecules (proteins) present in the fungi, taking into account the n-type nature of the ZnO semiconductor and the electrical behavior of the fungal cell membrane and that of the proteins that make up the protein crown.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2024

This study reports a direct growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of LiCoO₂ (LCO) powders to apply as highly efficient cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). The CNT synthesis was performed using a thermal chemical vapor deposition apparatus with temperatures from 575 to 625 ℃. Ferritin molecules as growth catalyst of CNTs were mixed in deionized (DI) water with various concentrations from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/mL. Then, the LCO powders was dissolved in the ferritin solution at a ratio of 1g/mL. To obtain catalytic iron nanoparticles on the LCO surface, the LCO-ferritin suspension was dropped in silicon dioxide substrates and calcined under air at 550℃. Subsequently, the direct growth of CNTs on LCO powders was performed using a mixture of acetylene (10 sccm) and hydrogen (100 sccm) for 10 min. The growth behavior was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The optimized condition yielding high structural quality and amount of CNTs was 600 ℃ and 0.5 mg/mL. The obtained materials will be developed as cathode materials in LIB.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2024

We investigate the effect of T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA365 (Al-10.3Si-0.37Mg-0.6Mn-0.11Fe, wt.%) alloy fabricated by vacuum-assisted high pressure die casting by means of thermodynamic calculation, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The as-cast alloy consists of primary Al (with dendrite arm spacing of 10~15 ㎛), needle-like eutectic Si, and blocky α-AlFeMnSi phases. The solution treatment at 490 ℃ induces the spheroidization of eutectic Si and increase in the fraction of eutectic Si and α-AlFeMnSi phases. While as-cast alloy does not contain nano-sized precipitates, the T6-treated alloy contains fine β' and β' precipitates less than 20 nm that formed during aging at 190℃. T6 heat treatment improves the yield strength from 165 to 186 MPa due to the strengthening effect of β' and β' precipitates. However, the β' and β' precipitates reduce the strain hardening rate and accelerate the necking phenomenon, degrading the tensile strength (from 290 to 244 MPa) and fracture elongation (from 6.6 to 5.0%). Fractography reveals that the coarse α-AlFeMnSi and eutectic Si phases act as crack sites in both the as-cast and T6 treated alloys.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.518-525
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• 2007

내열성 유기화 점토를 사용하여 얻은 폴리(에틸렌 테레프탈레이트)(PET) 나노복합체 섬유들의 열적, 기계적 성질 및 모폴로지를 서로 비교하였다. PET 나노복합체 섬유에는 도데실트리페닐포스포늄-마이카($C_{12}PPh-Mica$)와 1-헥사데칸벤즈이미다졸-마이카($C_{16}BIMD-Mica$) 등의 유기화 점토가 사용되었다. In-situ 중합법을 이용하여 PET에 다양한 농도의 유기화 점토가 나노 크기로 분산된 복합재료를 합성하였다. PET 나노복합체 섬유의 열적-기계적 성질을 측정하기 위해 시차 주사 열분석기(DSC)와 열 중량 분석기(TGA), 넓은 각 X-선 회절 분석기(WAXD), 전자현미경(SEM과 TEM) 그리고 만능 인장 시험기(UTM)를 이용하였다. 전자현미경으로 관찰된 나노복합체 섬유 중 점토의 일부는 나노 크기로 잘 분산되었으나 한편으로는 뭉쳐진 형태도 보였다. 본 연구로부터 소량의 유기화 점토의 첨가가 나노복합체 섬유의 열 안정성과 기계적 성질을 증가시키는데 크게 기여하였음을 알았고, 5 wt% 이하의 소량의 유기화 점토를 이용한 복합재료의 열적 기계적 성질은 순수한 PET 섬유보다도 더 높은 값을 보여주었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

Barium zirconate는 화학적 안정성이 우수하고 고온에서의 프로톤 전도성이 뛰어나지만, 프로톤 전도도에 비해 전자전도도가 현저히 떨어진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 높은 수소 분리 특성을 위해 다공성 지지체 상에 Pd-Barium zirconate를 얇고 치밀한 박막으로 제조하고자 하였고, dual sputtering법을 이용하여 성공적으로 증착하였다. X-선 회절 분석을 통해 증착된 $BaZr_{0.85}Y_{0.15}O_{3-{\delta}}$ 박막은 300 이상에서부터 $BaZrO_3$(Pm-3m) 결정상으로 결정화됨을 확인할 수 있었으며 표면과 단면에 대한 구조적 형상은 SEM과 TEM을 통해 관찰하였다. 관찰 결과 증착된 분리막은 치밀하였고 부채꼴의 주상으로 결정이 성장함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 고분자 전해질 연료전지의 타소 지지체로 중형기공 실리카(SBA-15)를 이용한 전통적인 주형합성법을 이용하여 중형기공 탄소(CMK-3)를 합성하였다. 합성된 CMK-3는 추가적으로 비표면적과 물리적 성질을 증가시키기 위하여 활성화제로 수산화 칼륨 (KOH)양을 0, 1, 3, 및 4g으로 달리하여 활성화하였다. 그리고 활성화된 CMK-3(K-CMK-3)에 화학적 환원 방법을 이용하여 백금과 루테늄을 답지하였다. CMK-3에 담지된 백금-루테늄 촉매의 특성을 확인하기 위해 비표면적 장치(BET), X-선 회절분석법(XRD), 주사전자현미경(SEM), 투과전자현미정(TEM), 유도결합 플라즈마 질량분석기(ICP-MS)를 이용하였다. 또한, 백금 루테늄 촉매의 전기화학적인 특성을 순환전류전압 실험으로 분석하였다. 결론적으로, 3 g의 KOH로 활성화된 CMK-3(K3g-CMK-3)가 가장 넓은 비표면적을 나타냈다. 또한, K3g-CMK-3의 높은 비표면적은 백금-루테늄의 균일한 분산과 함께 전기적인 촉매의 성능을 향상시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.885-892
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• 2018

Molybdenum disulfide ($MoS_2$) based electrocatalysts have been proposed as substitutes for platinum group metal (PGM) based electrocatalyst to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis. Here, we studied $MoS_2/CNFs$ hybrid catalyst prepared by electrospinning method with heat treatment for polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM) water electrolysis to improve the HER activity. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties such as average diameter, crystalline properties, electrocatalitic activity for HER of synthesized $MoS_2/CNFs$ were investigated by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman Spectroscopy (Raman) and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV). The as spun ATTM/PVP nanofibers were prepared by sol-gel and electrospinning method. Subsequently, the $MoS_2/CNFs$ was dereived from reduction heat treatment of ATTM at the ATTM/PVP nanofibers and carbonization heat treatment. Synthesized $MoS_2/CNFs$ electrocatalyst had an average diameter of $179{\pm}30nm$. We confirmed that the $MoS_2$ layers in $MoS_2/CNF$ electrocatalyst consist of 3~4 layers from the Raman results. In addition, We confirmed that the $MoS_2$ layers in $MoS_2/CNF$ catalyst consist of 7.47% octahedral 1T phase $MoS_2$, 63.77% trigonal prismatic 2H phase $MoS_2$ with 28.75% $MoO_3$ through the XRD, Raman and XPS results. It was shown that $MoS_2/CNFs$ had the overpotential of 0.278 V at $10mA/cm^2$ and tafel slope of 74.8 mV/dec in 0.5 M sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) electrolyte.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 제17회 워크샵 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.561-566
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• 2005

Polycrystalline silicon films were deposited using hot wire CVD (HWCVD). The deposition of silicon thin films was approached by the theory of charged clusters (TCC). The TCC states that thin films grow by self-assembly of charged clusters or nanoparticles that have nucleated in the gas phase during the normal thin film process. Negatively charged clusters of a few nanometer in size were captured on a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid and observed by TEM. The negatively charged clusters are believed to have been generated by ion-induced nucleation on negative ions, which are produced by negative surface ionization on a tungsten hot wire. The electric current on the substrate carried by the negatively charged clusters during deposition was measured to be approximately $-2{\mu}A/cm^2$. Silicon thin films were deposited at different $SiH_4$ and $H_2$ gas mixtures and filament temperatures. The crystalline volume fraction, grain size and the growth rate of the films were measured by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The deposit ion behavior of the si1icon thin films was related to properties of the charged clusters, which were in turn controlled by the process conditions. In order to verify the effect of the charged clusters on the growth behavior, three different electric biases of -200 V, 0 V and +25 V were applied to the substrate during the process, The deposition rate at an applied bias of +25 V was greater than that at 0 V and -200 V, which means that the si1icon film deposition was the result of the deposit ion of charged clusters generated in the gas phase. The working pressures had a large effect on the growth rate dependency on the bias appled to the substrate, which indicates that pressure affects the charging ratio of neutral to negatively charged clusters. These results suggest that polycrystalline silicon thin films with high crystalline volume fraction and large grain size can be produced by control1ing the behavior of the charged clusters generated in the gas phase of a normal HWCVD reactor.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2013

$CoAl_2O_4$는 열적 및 화학적으로 매우 안정한 물질이며 독특한 광학적 특성으로 인해 도자기 제품, 유리, 페인트, 플라스틱을 장식하는 세라믹 착색제로 사용되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 착체중합법(Polymerized complex method)과 고상합성법(Solid state reaction)을 이용하여 단상의 $CoAl_2O_4$ 청색 무기 안료를 합성하였고, 잉크젯 프린팅용 잉크로의 응용 시 노즐 막힘 및 분산안정성과 같은 문제점을 방지하기 위해 고에너지 밀링 공정 중 하나인 어트리션밀을 이용하여 입자를 미세화하였다. 밀링 공정은 직경 1 mm의 지르코니아 볼을 이용하여 BPR(Ball to powder weight ratio) 100 : 1, 800 rpm의 조건에서 3시간 동안 진행되었다. 합성된 안료는 XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, PSA, 그리고 CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ 측정을 통하여 어트리션밀링 전후의 특성을 분석하였다. XRD 측정 결과 단상의 $CoAl_2O_4$ 청색 무기 안료가 합성되었고, 고에너지 밀링 공정을 통하여 100~200 nm의 입자 크기를 가지는 청색 나노 무기 안료를 얻었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.4205-4209
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• 2011

The $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$ silicate was prepared by blending of $Li_2MnSiO_4$ and $Li_2FeSiO_4$ precursors with same molar ratio. The one of the silicates of $Li_2FeSiO_4$ is known as high capacitive up to ~330 mAh/g due to 2 mole electron exchange, and the other of $Li_2FeSiO_4$ has identical structure with $Li_2MnSiO_4$ and shows stable cycle with less capacity of ~170 mAh/g. The major drawback of silicate family is low electronic conductivity (3 orders of magnitude lower than $LiFePO_4$). To overcome this disadvantage, carbon composite of the silicate compound was prepared by sucrose mixing with silicate precursors and heat-treated in reducing atmosphere. The crystal structure and physical morphology of $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$ was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$/C nanocomposite has a maximum discharge capacity of 200 mAh/g, and 63% of its discharge capacity is retained after the tenth cycles. We have realized that more than 1 mole of electrons are exchanged in $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$. We have observed that $Li_2Mn_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}SiO_4$ is unstable structure upon first delithiation with structural collapse. High temperature cell performance result shows high capacity of discharge capacity (244 mAh/g) but it had poor capacity retention (50%) due to the accelerated structural degradation and related reaction.