• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 1998

The changes in gelatinization patterns of potato were investigated while steeping in water for 7 days at 30${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$. The transmittance of 0.1% starch suspension was increased rapidly from 60$^{\circ}C$ in raw starch and the starch steeped for 2 days, and increased rapidly from 65$^{\circ}C$ in the starch steeped for 4 and 6 days. As the steeping period increased, the transmittance was decreased at above condition. The gelatinization temperature of the starch measured by differential scanning calorimetry was increased from 62.79$^{\circ}C$ to 63.72$^{\circ}C$ as the steeping period increased. The gelatinization enthalpy reached the maximum in the starch steeped for 4 days. By amylograph, the initial gelatinization temperature was increased from 66$^{\circ}C$ to 84$^{\circ}C$ as the steeping period increased. Peak viscosity was decreased during steeping and the starch steeped for 5 days had no peak viscosity. Peak height after cooling to 50$^{\circ}C$ was increased up to the 4th day and began to decrease. As the steeping period increased, there was much loss of birefringence at higher temperature. The crystallinity by X-ray diffraction disappeared from 65$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate mechanical properties of the porous Ti implants according to porosity. Porous Ti implant will be had properties similar to human bone such as microstructure and mechanical properties. Methods: Porous Ti implant samples were fabricated by sintering of spherical Ti powders(below $25{\mu}m$, $25{\sim}32{\mu}m$, $32{\sim}38{\mu}m$, and $38{\sim}45{\mu}m$) in a high vacuum furnace. Specimen's diameter and height were 4mm and 40 mm. Surface and sectional images of porous Ti implants were evaluated by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Porosity and average pore size were evaluated by mercury porosimeter. Young's modulus and tensile strength were evaluated by universal testing machine(UTM). Results: Porosity of Implant was increased according to larger particle size of the powder. Boundary portions of particles are sintered fully and others portions were formed pore. Young's modulus was decreased by formed porous structure. Tensile strength was decreased according to larger the particle size of the powder, but higher than human bone. Conclusion: If prepared by adjust the porosity of the porous Ti implant will be able to resolve the stress shielding phenomenon.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2006

The electrical properties of viologen derivatives were studied in terms of the tunneling current characteristics on the length of the viologen derivatives using self-assembling techniques and ultra high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-STM). We fabricated the Au substrate were deposited by thermal evaporation system ($420^{\circ}C$. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were prepared on Au (111), which had been thermally deposited onto freshly cleaved, heated mica. The Au substrate was exposed to a 1 mM solution of viologen derivatives in ethanol for 24 hours to form a monolayer. We measurement of the morphology on the single viologen molecules ($VC_{8}SH$, $VC_{10}SH$, $HSC_{8}VC_{8}SH$, and $HSC_{10}VC_{10}SH$). The current-voltage (I-V) and differential conductance (dl/dV-V) properties were measured while the electrical properties of the formed monolayer were scanned by using a STS. The effective barrier height of viologen derivatives ($VC_{8}SH$, $VC_{10}SH$, $HSC_{8}VC_{8}SH$, and $HSC_{10}VC_{10}SH$) were calculated to be 1.076 eV, 1.56 ${\pm}$ 0.3 eV, 1.85 eV, 2.28 eV, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2010

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is expected to be applied for making patterns below 32 nm in device industry. An ultrathin EUV photoresist (PR) of a few nm in thickness is required to reduce minimum feature size further. Here, we show that pentacene molecular layers can be employed as a new EUV resist for the first time. Dots and lines in nm scale are successfully realized using the new molecular resist. We clearly provide the mechanism for forming the nanopatterns with scanning photoemission microscope (SPEM), EUV interference lithography (EUV-IL), atomic force microscope (AFM), photoemission spectroscopy (PES), etc. The molecular PR has several advantages over traditional polymer EUV PRs; for example, high thermal/chemical stability, negligible outgassing, ability to control the height and width on the nanometer scale, leaving fewer residuals, no need for a chemical development process and thus reduction of chemical waste to make the nanopatterns. Besides, it could be applied to any substrate to which pentacene bonds chemically, such as $SiO_2$, SiN, and SiON, which is of importance in the device industry.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2003

Dramatic changes in the patterns of satellite-derived pigment concentrations, sea-level height anomaly, sea surface temperature anomaly, and zonal wind anomaly are observed during the 1997-1998 El Ni$\bar{n}$o. By some measures, the 1997-1998 El Ni$\bar{n}$o was the strongest one of the 20$^{th}$ century. A very strong El Ni$\bar{n}$o developed during 1997 and matured late in the year. A dramatic recovery occurred in mid-1998 and led to La Nina condition. The largest spatial extent of the phytoplankton bloom was fellowed recovery from El Ni$\bar{n}$o over the equatorial Pacific. The evolution towards a warm episode (El Ni$\bar{n}$o) started from spring of 2002 and continued during January 2003, while equatorial SSTA remained greater than +1$^{\circ}C$ in the central equatorial Pacific. The OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multispectral Imager) data are used for detection of dramatic changes in the patterns of pigment concentration during next El Ni$\bar{n}$o.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.310-317
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• 2020

This study investigated the damage to the specimen due to liquid droplet impingement erosion corrosion, which improved the corrosion resistance and durability via hard anodization of 5083-H321 aluminum alloy, which is widely used for small ships and marine structures. The experiment combined liquid droplet impingement erosion and electrochemical equipment with the flow rates in natural seawater solution. Subsequently, Tafel extrapolation of polarization curves was performed to evaluate damage due to the liquid droplet impingement erosion corrosion. The damaged surface was observed using a 3D microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The degree of pitting damage was measured using the Image J program, and the surface hardness was measured using the micro-Vickers hardness tester. The corrosion current density, area, depth, and ratio of the damaged areas increased with the increase in flow rate. The grain size of the damaged area at a flow rate of 20 m s-1 showed fewer and minor differences in height, and a smooth curved shape. The hardness of the damaged surface tended to decrease with increase in flow rate.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.236-242
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• 2021

In this paper, we report the fabrication of the tip-on-gate of a field-effect-transistor (ToGoFET) probe using a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process and the performance evaluation of the fabricated probe. After the CMOS process, I-V characteristic measurement was performed on the reference MOSFET. We confirmed that the ToGoFET probe could be operated at a gate voltage of 0 V due to channel ion implantation. The transconductance at the operating point (Vg = 0 V, Vd = 2 V) was 360 ㎂/V. After the fabrication process was completed, calibration was performed using a pure metal sample. For sensitivity calibration, the relationship between the input voltage of the sample and the output current of the probe was determined and the result was consistent with the measurement result of the reference MOSFET. An oxide sample measurement was performed as an example of an application of the new ToGoFET probe. According to the measurement, the ToGoFET probe could spatially resolve a hundred nanometers with a height of a few nanometers in both the topographic image and the ToGoFET image.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.255-264
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• 1996

This studies were carried out to identify the characteristics of the tongue of Korean native goat(Capra hircus) by macroscopy, microscopy and scanning microscopy. Korean native goat had torus linguae, median lingual sulcus, lingual fossa and ventral median fissure but did not have glossoepiglottic fold and terminal sulcus in the tongue. The whole length of tongue was $11.51{\pm}0.76cm$. The length of tongue apex, tongue body, tongue root and the torus linguae were $2.62{\pm}0.28$, $7.39{\pm}0.27$, $1.56{\pm}0.26$ and $6.37{\pm}0.29cm$, respectively. The width of tongue apex, torus linguae and tongue root were $3.41{\pm}0.24$, $3.74{\pm}0.29$ and $3.68{\pm}0.11$, respectively. The thickness of tongue apex was $1.60{\pm}0.10$, and the height of torus linguae was $1.52{\pm}0.15cm$. Filiform papillae were present at the tongue apex and the tongue body rostral to torus linguae. Fungiform papillae were scattered from tongue apex to rostral portion of torus linguae, being in abundance at the tongue apex. Vallate papillae were showed at the lateral portion of torus linguae, while lentiform papillae were present at its central portion. Conical papillae were located between vallate and lentiform papillae. The numbers of filiform, fungiform, conical, vallate and lentiform papillae were $46,980{\pm}1070.98$, $446.8{\pm}36.97$, $818.4{\pm}43.99$, $34.8{\pm}2.77$, and $255.6{\pm}39.30$, respectively. The average numbers of taste bud were $8.3{\pm}2.04$ in a fungiform papilla and $247.3{\pm}37.44$ in a vallate papilla. The filiform papilla had secondary and tertiary papillae. The height of filiform papilla was about $150{\mu}m$ and the diameter was $100{\mu}m$. The diameters of fungiform papillae were 350 to $550{\mu}m$. The long and short diameters of maximum-sized lentiform papilla were 4000 and $3000{\mu}m$, respectively, while those of minimum-sized papilla were 700 and $600{\mu}m$, respectively. The height of conical papillae was 450 to $600{\mu}m$ and diameter was 250 to $450{\mu}m$. The vallate papilla was round or oval in shape and its diameter was 500 to $850{\mu}m$. It had well-developed papillary groove around itself. The modified conical papillae were not observed in the tongue of Korean native goat.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.376-380
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• 2008

This paper presents the Projection Moire method using a line scan camera. The high resolution feature of a line scan camera makes it possible to scan an image quickly, thus enabling a much quicker 3D profile. This method uses a high resolution line scan camera making it possible to scan an image at high speed simultaneously measuring the 3D profile of a large FOV. When using a high resolution scan camera, a full FOV is scanned, thus requiring just one movement of a projection grating. As a result, the number of grating movements is reduced drastically. The end result is a faster and more accurate 3D measurement. Moving the grating too quickly causes vibration in the imaging system, which will normally be required to apply a stitching technique when using an area scan camera. However the technique is not required when using a line scan camera. Compared with the previous techniques, it has the advantages of simple hardware without moving mechanical parts - single exposure for obtaining three-dimensional information. A method using a high resolution line scan camera can be used in mass production to measure the bump height of wafers or the bump height of package substrates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.959-967
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• 2008

The body measurement ratios and indices used in this study are all 3D female measurement data of the two countries were obtained from Size Korea Project and SizeUSA Project. The purpose of the study is to compare and analyze body measurement data between two countries. The results of this research are helpful for the clothing manufacturer and company to trade with America. The samples were 1,988 Korean and 6,306 American females. Thirty-five body measurement ratios and indices were chosen as the principal measurements in making garments. The conclusion of this research was as follow; First, U.S. females have measurements that exceed Korean women, except for crotch length total and shoulder slope. Second, the correlation coefficients of height and weight are relatively higher than other measurements in the two countries' body measurements. Finally, American women's height ratios are significantly bigger than Korean women's in most height ratios. On the other hand, Korean are significantly bigger than American in weight ratios. The drop values of Korean females are also smaller than those of American. It was recognized that American women are much bigger, wider and more obese than Korean according to the results by utilizing the girth ratios. BMI, Rohrer and Vervaeck index.