• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.276-282
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• 2011

CoreNet is a valuable resource to use in the domain of natural language processing including Korean-Chinese-Japanese multilingual text analysis, and translation among natural languages. CoreNet is mapped to SUMO in order to encourage its application in broader fields and enhance its international status as a multilingual lexical semantic network. To do this, indirect and direct mapping methodologies are used. Through the indirect mapping among CoreNet-KorLex-PWN-SUMO, we alleviate the difficulty of translating CoreNet concept terms in Korean into SUMO concepts in English, and maximize recall of SUMO concepts corresponding to the concept of CoreNet.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2012

Sumoylation is a reversible conjugation process that attaches the small ubiquitin modifier (SUMO) peptide to target proteins and regulates a wide variety of cellular functions in eucaryotes. As final step of the sumoylation, SUMO E3 ligases facilitate conjugation of SUMO to target proteins. To characterize the functions of the SUMO E3 ligases in Oryza sativa, we isolated a single recessive rice SUMO E3 ligase, Ossiz1-2 mutant. In addition, we also confirmed the interaction between OsSIZ1/-2 and OsSUMO1, respectively, by using an Agrobacterium-based tobacco luciferase transient expression system. Ossiz1-2 mutant exhibited approximately 20% reduction in growth and developmental units compared with wild type. Especially, number of filled seeds and total seed weight were dramatically decreased in the Ossiz1-2 mutant rice. Thus, these results suggest that sumoylation by the OsSIZ1 as SUMO E3 ligase plays an important role in regulating growth and development in rice.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The covalent conjugation of SUMO(Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier) protein to its substrates regulates numerous cellular processes, including protein stability and activity in eukaryotes as well as in plants. In this present review, we summarize biochemical aspects of SUMO conjugation and deconjugation and the functions of SUMO and sumoylation-related proteins in Arabidopsis and other plants. In particular, we provide an overview of the roles of the SUMO in widely different biological processes including the ABA response, floral induction, pathogen defense, abiotic stresses and hormone signaling. Furthermore, we explore the possible roles of SUMO in embryo and seed development.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.36-43
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• 2021

[Purpose] Exercise is a key factor in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. Sumo wrestlers increase their body size from childhood for athletic advantage; however, the risk of metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers is undetermined. Preventive measures against pediatric obesity should be initiated during childhood to prevent obesity in adulthood, considering its high global incidence. We comparatively evaluated the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers and children with obesity. [Methods] We enrolled 70 male children (age 9-17 years [sumo group, n = 14] and 9-14 years [other sports and non-exercise groups, n = 28 each]) and evaluated their anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference, waist to height ratio) and hematological parameters (total, low-density, high-density, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; triglycerides; plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels). [Results] The BMI z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference (p < 0.05, along with the non-exercise group), and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher and the high-density cholesterol level was lower in the sumo group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). The waist to height ratio was significantly higher in the non-exercise group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other blood lipid, plasma glucose (significantly lower level than the reference range in the sumo group, p < 0.05), and glycated hemoglobin (within the reference range in all groups) levels among the three groups. [Conclusion] Junior sumo wrestlers had a larger body size and higher blood pressure than children with obesity who exercised regularly. This provides direction for future research into targeted preventive interventions against metabolic syndrome for junior sumo wrestlers with large body size.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.339-343
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• 2010

Post-translational covalent modifications by small molecules or peptides remodel target proteins. One such modification, made by ubiquitin or small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO), is a rapidly expanding field in cell signaling pathways. Ubiquitin attachment controls the turnover and degradation of target proteins while SUMO conjugation regulates their activity and function. Recent studies report many examples of cross-talk between ubiquitin and SUMO pathways, indicating that the boundary is no longer clear. Here, we review recent progress concerning how ubiquitin and SUMO participate in new regulatory roles in plant cell, and how ubiquitination and sumoylation control plant growth and development.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2016

The major structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are derived from ORFs 4, 5, and 6. They have been considered very important to arouse the humoral and cellular immune responses against PRRSV infection and proposed to be the excellent candidate proteins in the design of PRRS bioengineering vaccine. However, the PRRSV structural proteins are produced in low levels in the infected cells because it forms insoluble protein and possesses several transmembrane regions. To overcome this problem, we fused the ORF4, ORF5, and ORF6 with SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier). The resulting fusion protein SUMO-ORF4, -ORF5, and -ORF6 were highly expressed in Bm5 cells. The level of protein expression using the Bombyx mori larvae was higher than that using Bm5 cells. In addition, fusion to SUMOstar, which is not processed by native SUMO proteases, significantly enhanced protein expression levels compared to SUMO fusion. This study demonstrated that SUMO or SUMOstar, when fused with PRRSV structural proteins, was able to promote its soluble expression. This may be a better method to produce PRRSV structural proteins for vaccine development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.01a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 VANET 환경에서 SUMO와 ns-3를 이용하여 속도 변화에 따라 AODV 프로토콜의 통신에 대해 모의실험을 수행하였다. 해당 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면, AODV 라우팅 프로토콜은 VANET 환경에서 차량이 일정 속도 이상 빨라지게 되면 통신율이 급격히 하락함을 볼 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2010

Modification of proteins by the reversible covalent addition of the small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) protein has important consequences affecting target protein stability, sub-cellular localization, and protein-protein interactions. SUMOylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions, which resembles the process of ubiquitination. In this study, we characterized the SUMOylation system from an important crop plant, rice, and show that it responds to cold, salt and ABA stress conditions on a protein level via the accumulation of SUMOylated proteins. We also characterized the transcriptional regulation of individual SUMOylation cascade components during stress and development. During stress conditions, majority of the SUMO cascade components are transcriptionally down regulated. SUMO conjugate proteins and SUMO cascade component transcripts accumulated differentially in various tissues during plant development with highest levels in reproductive tissues. Taken together, these data suggest a role for SUMOylation in rice development and stress responses.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2006

Protein modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) controls diverse cellular functions of protein targets including transcription factors and coregulators mainly in the nucleus and participates in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In addition, SUMO system plays important roles in DNA damage repair and maintaining genome integrity. Thus, in some cases, the loss of control on SUMOylation or deSUMOylation processes causes a defect in maintaining homeostasis and hence gives a cue to cancer development. Furthermore, recent study showed that SUMO system is also involved in cancer metastasis. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the possible role of SUMO system in cancer development and metastasis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2014

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and its brain-specific homologue, PTBP2, are associated with pre-mRNAs and influence pre-mRNA processing, as well as mRNA metabolism and transport. They play important roles in neural differentiation and glioma development. In our study, we detected the expression of the two proteins in glioma cells and predicted that they may be sumoylated using SUMOplot analyses. We confirmed that PTBP1 and PTBP2 can be modified by SUMO1 with co-immunoprecipitation experiments using 293ET cells transiently co-expressing SUMO1 and either PTBP1 or PTBP2. We also found that SUMO1 modification of PTBP2 was enhanced by Ubc9 (E2). The mutation of the sumoylation site (Lys137) of PTBP2 markedly inhibited its modification by SUMO1. Interestingly, in T98G glioma cells, the level of sumoylated PTBP2 was reduced compared to that of normal brain cells. Overall, this study shows that PTBP2 is posttranslationally modified by SUMO1.