• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.99-102
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• 2009

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

With rapid urbanization and reckless urban development in the 21st century, the urban environment has gradually gotten worse, and urban heat island effect has been dramatically intensified. Thus, the importance of street greenery that can mitigate the urban heat island effect has further been highlighted. In this regard, this study was aimed at selecting suitable plant species for street greenery to reduce the urban heat island effect. Towards this end, five roads located in Seocho-gu, Seoul were selected as study sites, and plant species composition and difference of surface temperature were compared and analyzed in relation to the light transmittance. The street with the greatest temperature difference is Bangbae-ro(Platanus occidentalis). On the other hand, the road with the lowest temperature difference is Nambusunhwan-doro(Metasequoia Glyptostroboides). The effect of temperature reduction was found to be associated with light transmittance.Bangbae-ro(Platanus occidentalis) with the lowest light transmittance showed the highest temperature difference and Nambusunhwan-doro(Metasequoia Glyptostroboides) with the highest light transmittance showed the lowest temperature difference. It is analyzed that there are most differences in temperature when the amount of lights coming in between the crown is small. The temperature reduction effect can be obtained by planting deciduous broad-leaved trees. Also species with dense crown and broad width of crown will be able to maximize the effect of temperature reduction. In future studies, it will be necessary to expand the other species of trees in the street, and analyze the germicidal trees and shrubs as well as the differences in the packaging materials.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.13-18
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• 2008

Recently it is urgent issue in every department that problem from environmental disruption such as global warming. As the case of streetscape works essentially at city scenery, it is inevitable that changing from present view, which centers facilities and buildings, to environmental harmonic scenery. This study plans climate adjusting ability and improvement of thermal efficiency by putting ecological elements to buildings on a street which are essential factors of streetscape. Ultimately, this not only makes a pleasant environment but also revives being withered earth. Street-environment on eco-scape will take a part in designing sustainable city. This study acquires the way how buildings on a street get applied ecological elements as following. Roof level part : the greening surface of the rooftop(included plant box type), the greening roof as a type of pergola, the greening surface of the middle floor rooftop(included plant box type). Elevation part : climbing type, downfall type, espalier, flower bed in balcony type, wall-installing type, water wall type, other design types. Ground level part : paving the whole surface with permeability, paving the gap with permeability, plant box type, ground plant type, waterside zone, wetland, fence greening type, terrace greening type, retaining wall greening type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 1998

This study was to evaluate residents' environmental cognition, satisfaction and needs of distinctive outdoor space in apartment housing estates. Distinctive outdoor space of 75 apartment estates throughout the country were investigated. And the residents of 16 apartment estates were asked how they cognize disticntive outdoor space qualities, and what activities they prefer in apartment's outdoor space. Thre important factors were extracted in residents' cognition of distinctive outdoor space qualities. First factor was naturalness of the greenery, second factor was outdoor activities especially related to fitness and exercise, and third factor was design of street furniture. Residents' satisfaction degree of distinctive outdoor space tended to increase as high as the occupied housing area. Places with water, tree shades, pedestrian way, greenery with flowers, playlots, fitness places and entrances of the estates were evaluated high in the order named. And places full with greenery, places related to fitness and exercisem, playlots were prefered by the residents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.61-75
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• 2021

Roadside greenery in the city is not only a means of reducing fine dust, but also an indispensable element of the city in various aspects such as improvement of urban thermal environment, noise reduction, ecosystem connectivity, and aesthetics. However, in studies dealing with the effect of reducing fine dust through trees in existing urban spaces, microscopic aspects such as the adsorption effect of plants were dealt with, structural changes such as the width of urban buildings and streets, and the presence or absence of trees, Impact studies that reflect the actual form of In this study, the effect of greenery composition applicable to urban space on PM2.5 was simulated through the microclimate epidemiologic model ENVI-met, and field measurements were performed in parallel to verify the results. In addition, by analyzing the results of fine dust background concentration, wind speed, and leaf area index, the sensitivity to major influencing variables was tested. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the fine dust reduction effect was the highest in the case with a high planting amount, and the reduction effect was the greatest at a low background concentration. Based on this, the cost of planting street green areas and the effect of reducing PM2.5 were compared. The results of this study can contribute as a basis for considering the effect of pedestrian space on air quality when planning and designing street green spaces.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.128-141
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• 2014

This study established a plan to establish the roadside green for enhancing the urban green network and enhancing of urban greenery in Songpa-gu. As for the present conditions of the streets, that of the parks, the green axes, sidewalk in Songpa-gu were analyzed. This study derived 19 parks by the roadside and 13 lines to connect green axes. The result of roadside greenery status were selected 56,546m lines by natural green space and constructed green space. The result of sidewalks width were selected 8,600m lines that sidewalks width more than 5m for enhancing urban green network in Songpa-gu. For enhancing the urban green network lines were selected: Olympic Expressway, Songpa-daero, Nambusunhwan-no and Wiryeseong-gil. To improve the street planting strips, two plans were suggested: to improve the green structures of the street planting strips mainly with shrubs and to effectively create street planting strips through the green spaces along the streets. A plan to promote the amount of planting street trees in Songpa-gu analyzed the streets. Complements the understory layer sections were the highest the entire length of 34,206 m of 63.6% in strengthening for network streets. Greenspace network streets were calculated for planting of volume by promotion plan. Planting volume increased 4,708 trees before expand planting plan, so the total tree was considered 9,518 trees.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the quality of the street environment in residential areas on the mental health of urban residents, considering the frequency of street use. Using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model, the study analyzed the influence of walking frequency and the street environment on depressive symptoms of urban residents. The research focused on Seoul, South Korea, in 2017, with depressive symptoms as the dependent variable and street environment variables, walking variables, and individual characteristics as independent variables. Additionally, the study explores the interaction effect of street greenery and walking frequency to analyze the synergistic impacts of walking in green spaces on mental health. The findings indicate that a higher ratio of street green areas is associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Increased walking frequency is linked to a reduction in depressive symptoms or a weaker manifestation of such symptoms. The interaction effect confirms that more frequent walking in green spaces is associated with weaker depressive symptoms. Lower ratios of visual complexity are correlated with reduced depressive symptoms. This study contributes to addressing urban residents' mental health issues at the community level by emphasizing the importance of the street green environment in residential areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

This study reveals the absence of standard design guidelines by region through investigation and analysis centered on public design cases by region in Jeollabuk-do and design elements that can reflect the integration, identity, and diversity of public design in each region by five regions. Through this, the following conclusions could be obtained. First, to improve the quality of street facilities in Jeollabuk-do, the design elements (design motif, color, pattern) applicable to the standard design were analyzed by dividing them into five regions. As a design motif, it was possible to extract patterns containing straight lines, sophistication, dignity, and smartness. In the Northeast region, it is comfortable with the motif of the mountain ridge reflecting geographical characteristics, and it can be extracted elements that contain warm and natural colors. In the southeastern region, patterns that reflect design elements were extracted by applying safe, lively, and peaceful colors with the design motif of curves that blend nature and agriculture. In the southwestern region, design pattern elements that highlight nature, history, and culture were extracted with various cultural assets and natural greenery as motifs. Lastly, in the Saemangeum region, the ocean flow and greenery could be used as a design motif to reflect a positive, clear, future-oriented image in the design spot zones by region. Second, based on the standard design elements (design motive, color, pattern) by region extracted for the standard design development of street facilities in each region in Jeollabuk-do, an integrated zone(Form, structure, material, color, functional element) to which regional design guidelines can be applied. Third, an integrated zone (form, structure, material, color, functional elements) was composed. In addition, design spot zones (patterns and colors in city and county units) that can contain the diversity and identity of each region were designated. By designating design spot zones (patterns and colors in city and county units) that can contain the diversity and identity of each region, standard design development plans (integrated pillars, jaywalking prevention fences, roundabouts (urban type, rural type), street trees) Eight standard designs, including protective covers, street planters, flat benches, light benches, visual media for user guidance, and parking zones for personal mobile devices) were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2008

Generally, trees lining the streets are the most easily accessible green areas in the city and constitute the smallest basic unit in the formation of the urban linear green axis. This study attempts to interpret issues related to city trees from a comprehensive and relational viewpoint. The site of this study is Central Park Street in front of Incheon Metropolitan City Hall. This street is representative of those in Incheon City. This study is an inter-relational interpretation of issues by measuring the vitality of these trees. The following are results of this study: First, the vitality of city trees is higher in those trees growing in natural ground than those growing in plant gratings. This observation can lead to budget savings and increased natural areas in the city. Also, if planter and multi-layering planting methods are introduced where damage to trees is predicted, variation to urban landscape can be achieved while linking to reinforced rearing foundation of street-side trees. Second, there is need for a holistic approach to caring for street-side trees regarding the damage caused by drastic pruning and strong street lights. The typical functions of these trees, like supplying freshness in summer, absorbing solar radiation, and controlling the urban micro-climate are closely related to the vitality of the trees. Accordingly, the function and ecology should be understood holistically, not separately. In this aspect, the functional and ecological use of the multi-layering planting method is effective in protecting pedestrians from vehicles as well. Third, the fallen leaves of monotonous rows of trees have different ecological and functional effects. Not only is the index of greenness in the urban setting increased, but there are also aesthetic and symbolic effects. Fourth, in spite of being the street along which Incheon Metropolitan City Hall, major administrative buildings and Central Park are located, this street does not have its own special identity to discriminate it from other streets. It fulfills only functional criteria based on uniformity. If there is no paradigm shift from today's street system based on vehicles, the role of landscape architecture will be very passive in regards to street-side trees, the minimum unit of urban green. Fifth, on this particular street, many trees were planted in December, which reflects a deficiency of short and long-term strategy, like a street-tree master plan. In this aspect, we still lack a mature culture concerning these trees as a basic unit in urban greenery. Furthermore, there needs to be cultural introspection concerning present administrative practices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.62-74
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• 2015

This study was carried out to provide examples of planting methods for the construction of street green spaces with abundant greenery by analyzing road type, surrounding land use and planting structures in street green spaces on Port Island, Kobe, Japan. Port Island_(total area: 826ha) is a marine cultural city located in Japan's first artificial island with facilities of urban function and port facilities. The study site was designated at 11 plots of $55{\sim}285m^2$ on Port Island, and topography structure styles were divided into four types with mounding style, slope style, slope and flat style, flat style according to the adjacent roads width. The area adjacent to the middle roads with high levels of noise and pollution set up the mounding style, slope style, slope and flat style of multi-layer structures using topographic properties. The area adjacent to small roads focused on a green strip with shrubs on a flat style. Surrounding land-uses include a public institution, housing complex, and a commercial building. The planting concept was a buffer and landspace function in case of the middle road_(lane 4) while the small road_(lane 2) was a landspace function. Planting species were diverse with Liquidambe formosana, Cinnamomum camphora, Sapium sebiferum, Cedrela sinensis, Laeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Zelkova serrata, Quercus glauca, Juniperus chinensis, Magnolia kobus, Rhododendron spp., Camellia japonica, Abelia mosanensis, etc. Planting density was 0.02~0.08(0.04) individual/$m^2$ at the canopy layer, 0.02~0.08(0.04) individual/$m^2$ at the understory layer. Ratio of green coverage was 40.0~173.7(93.0)% at the canopy layer, 2.1~79.8(34.9)% at the understory layer and 17.9~64.2(32.9)% at the shrub layer. $Gr{\ddot{u}}volumenzahl$ was $1.43{\sim}6.67(4.13)m^3/m^2$ at the canopy layer, $0.02{\sim}2.01(0.85)m^3/m^2$ at the understory layer and $0.14{\sim}0.58(0.26)m^3/m^2$ at the shrub layer. The ratio of green coverage of street green space on Port Island was higher than that of Seoul, and particularly, the ratio of green coverage and $gr{\ddot{u}}volumenzahl$ at the shrub layer differed, compared to the main street green space in Korea. The result of this study may be applicable to other coastal reclaimed cities in terms of setting methods for street greenery considering the topography structure, planting structure and planting function.