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A Study on the Structure Style of Street Green Spaces on Port Island, Kobe, Japan

일본 고베시(神戶市) 포트아일랜드 가로녹지 구조 유형 연구

  • Kwak, Jeong-In (Environmental Ecosystem Research Foundation) ;
  • Han, Bong-Ho (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, University of Seoul) ;
  • Noh, Tai-Hwan (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, University of Seoul) ;
  • Kwak, Nam-Hyun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, University of Seoul)
  • 곽정인 ((재)환경생태연구재단) ;
  • 한봉호 (서울시립대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 노태환 (서울시립대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 곽남현 (서울시립대학교 대학원 조경학과)
  • Received : 2015.04.28
  • Accepted : 2015.07.23
  • Published : 2015.08.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to provide examples of planting methods for the construction of street green spaces with abundant greenery by analyzing road type, surrounding land use and planting structures in street green spaces on Port Island, Kobe, Japan. Port Island_(total area: 826ha) is a marine cultural city located in Japan's first artificial island with facilities of urban function and port facilities. The study site was designated at 11 plots of $55{\sim}285m^2$ on Port Island, and topography structure styles were divided into four types with mounding style, slope style, slope and flat style, flat style according to the adjacent roads width. The area adjacent to the middle roads with high levels of noise and pollution set up the mounding style, slope style, slope and flat style of multi-layer structures using topographic properties. The area adjacent to small roads focused on a green strip with shrubs on a flat style. Surrounding land-uses include a public institution, housing complex, and a commercial building. The planting concept was a buffer and landspace function in case of the middle road_(lane 4) while the small road_(lane 2) was a landspace function. Planting species were diverse with Liquidambe formosana, Cinnamomum camphora, Sapium sebiferum, Cedrela sinensis, Laeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Zelkova serrata, Quercus glauca, Juniperus chinensis, Magnolia kobus, Rhododendron spp., Camellia japonica, Abelia mosanensis, etc. Planting density was 0.02~0.08(0.04) individual/$m^2$ at the canopy layer, 0.02~0.08(0.04) individual/$m^2$ at the understory layer. Ratio of green coverage was 40.0~173.7(93.0)% at the canopy layer, 2.1~79.8(34.9)% at the understory layer and 17.9~64.2(32.9)% at the shrub layer. $Gr{\ddot{u}}volumenzahl$ was $1.43{\sim}6.67(4.13)m^3/m^2$ at the canopy layer, $0.02{\sim}2.01(0.85)m^3/m^2$ at the understory layer and $0.14{\sim}0.58(0.26)m^3/m^2$ at the shrub layer. The ratio of green coverage of street green space on Port Island was higher than that of Seoul, and particularly, the ratio of green coverage and $gr{\ddot{u}}volumenzahl$ at the shrub layer differed, compared to the main street green space in Korea. The result of this study may be applicable to other coastal reclaimed cities in terms of setting methods for street greenery considering the topography structure, planting structure and planting function.

본 연구는 일본 고베시(神戶市) 해안 매립도시인 포트아일랜드 가로녹지의 지형구조별 도로 유형, 주변 토지이용, 식재구조를 조사 분석하여 녹지량이 풍부한 가로녹지 식재기법 사례를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 포트아일랜드(총면적 826ha)는 일본 내에서도 최초의 인공섬으로 항만시설과 본격적인 도시기능시설을 겸비한 해상문화도시이다. 연구대상지내 $55{\sim}285m^2$ 면적의 조사구 11개소를 설정하여 조사 한 결과, 가로녹지의 지형구조는 마운딩형, 사면형, 사면+평지형, 평지형의 4개 유형으로 구분되었고, 인접한 도로의 폭에 따라 지형구조가 변화하였다. 인접한 도로의 차선이 많아서 소음, 공해물질 등 영향을 많이 받는 지역은 마운딩형, 사면형, 사면+평지형 등의 지형구조와 광폭의 다층구조 녹지대를 조성하였고, 도로차선이 적은 지역인 경우, 평지형의 지형구조와 화관목 위주의 관목을 식재하여 가로띠녹지를 조성하였다. 인접한 토지이용은 공공기관, 공동주택지, 주상복합지, 상업업무지 등이었고, 식재개념은 중로(4차선)의 경우 완충+경관기능, 소로(2차선)의 경우 경관기능이었다. 식재종은 대만풍나무, 녹나무, 조구나무, 참죽나무, 담팔수, 은행나무, 벚나무, 느티나무, 종가시나무, 향나무, 목련, 철쭉류, 동백나무, 꽃댕강나무 등 다양하게 나타났다. 식재밀도는 교목층 0.02~0.08(0.04)주/$m^2$, 아교목층 0.02~0.08(0.04)주/$m^2$이었고, 녹피율은 교목층 40.0~173.7(93.0)%, 아교목층 2.1~79.8(34.9)%, 관목층 17.9~64.2(4.13)%이었다. 녹지용적계수는 교목층 $1.43{\sim}6.67(4.13)m^3/m^2$, 아교목층 $0.02{\sim}2.01(0.85)m^3/m^2$, 관목층 $0.14{\sim}0.58(0.26)m^3/m^2$이었다. 포트아일랜드 가로녹지의 녹피율은 서울시 주요 가로녹지에 비해 높은 수준이었고, 특히 관목층 녹피율과 녹지용적계수는 우리나라 주요 가로녹지와 비교하였을 때 많은 차이가 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 현재 우리나라에 조성되고 있는 해안 매립기반 도시의 가로녹지 조성 시 지형구조, 식재구조, 식재기능 등을 고려하여 다양한 기능을 수행하는 가로녹지 조성기법 사례지로 응용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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