• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.865-869
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• 2007

본 논문의 목적은 설마천 시험유역을 대상으로 2006년의 신뢰성 있는 수문 수질자료를 바탕으로 유역의 유출거동에 따른 수질인자와의 상관관계를 분석하는데 있다. 시험유역에서는 10분 단위의 연속적인 우량 및 수위관측과 연간 30회 이상의 유량측정성과를 통하여 수위-유량관계곡선식을 개발하여 유량을 산정하고 있으며, 수질분석을 위한 시료는 유량측정시 전적비교, 사방교 지점에서 샘플을 채취하여 실험실에서 분석하였다. 실험실에서 분석한 항목은 pH, DO, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, SS로 총 7개 항목으로 수질측정은 우기가 시작된 시기인 7월에 집중적으로 측정 분석하였으며, 7월 이후에도 각 지점당 6회의 추가 측정으로 각각 22회의 시료를 채취하여 분석하였다. 분석된 수질자료를 이용하여 2개 측정지점에 대하여 각 항목간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 홍수기 및 갈수기로 기간을 구분하여 각 항목간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 2개 지점의 상관관계 분석결과 BOD는 T-P와 SS, COD는 T-N과 SS가 공통적으로 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타나 전적비교와 사방교의 유기물 농도가 SS와 비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전적비교와 사방교간 홍수기의 상관관계를 살펴보면 COD는 T-N, SS와 그리고 SS는 COD와 공히 상관관계가 높으며 갈수기도 COD와 SS의 상관관계가 같이 높은 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.959-969
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• 1993

In this paper, the performance of DS/SS DPSK communications is analysed over fading dispersive channels considering the spreads of the channel in time and in frequency. The two spreads mentioned above are represented with multipath spread and Doppler spread, respectively. The bit error probabilities of DS/SS DPSK systems are derived in terms of channel and system parameters, and an approximation method is presented for computational efficiency. And the numerical results are given for various chip numbers in Rayleigh and Rician fading channels using the approximation method.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.571-580
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• 2018

In this study, hybrid adsorbents (SS) were prepared by mixing spent coffee grounds (SCG) and sericite, a kind of clay minerals, to adsorb Pb(II) from an aqueous solution. In FT-IR analyses, the main functional groups of SS adsorbents were O-H, C=O and C-N groups. The specific surface area, cation exchange capacity and the pore diameter of SS were larger than those of using SCG and sericite. Formation conditions of the SS adsorbent were the optimum pyrolysis temperature of $300^{\circ}C$, SCG : sericite ratio of 8 : 2, and particle size of 0.3 mm. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was more suitable than Freundlich one, and the maximum adsorption capacity was reached 44.42 mg/g. As a result of the adsorption thermodynamic analysis, the adsorption of Pb(II) onto SS was the physical adsorption and exothermic process in nature. The regeneration of SS adsorbent using distilled water showed 88~92% recovery and the active site of SS adsorbent decreased with increasing the reuse cycle time. As a result, SS adsorbent showed that it can be used to remove Pb(II) easily, inexpensively and efficiently without any pre-treatment from aqueous solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.350-350
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• 2022

R은 통계 및 빅데이터 분석에 널리 사용되는 오픈 소스 프로그래밍 언어로, 통계와 그래픽스에 관련된 기능을 확정할 수 있어 다양한 분야에 활용되고 있다. 특히, 수자원 분야의 연구에서 그 활용이 늘어나고 있으며, 최근 들어 다양한 수자원 관련 R 패키지가 발표되고 있다. 이중, 미국 지질조사국(U.S. Geological Survey, USGS)이 개발한 EGRET은 수질 및 유출량 자료의 장기 추세 변화 분석을 위한 패키지로 R 프로그래밍 언어를 기반으로 구동되며, 분석·처리한 데이터에 대하여 광범위한 그래픽 프리젠테이션을 제공하여 탐색적 자료 분석에 매우 효과적인 도구이다. 특히, EGRET 패키지는 농도와 유출 사이의 관계 특성, 수집된 자료의 계절성 존재 및 특성, 점진적 또는 급격한 경향의 존재를 검토할 수 있는 그래픽 결과를 제시하며, 가중 회귀(Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season, 이하 WRTDS) 모델을 적용하여 농도와 부하의 상태와 경향을 특성화한다. 시간, 유량 및 계절에 대한 WRTDS 모델은 농도 및 부하의 상태와 경향을 특성화하는 데 사용할 수 있는 수질 데이터 세트의 분석 방법으로, 근본적으로 탐색적 데이터 분석 방법으로 다양한 유형의 트렌드 시나리오에 민감하도록 설계되었으며 선형 또는 2차 함수형에 맞지 않을 수 있는 시간적 추세를 탐지하여 설명할 수 있고, 불규칙한 간격의 자료를 사용하기에 적합한 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 북한강 상류의 지속적인 흙탕물 발생으로 문제가 되고 있는 자운지구의 자운천을 대상으로 흙탕물 발생 현황을 분석하기 R을 이용하여 탐색적 자료 분석을 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 EGRET 패키지를 사용하여 수집된 자료(2016년 4월 - 2021년 7월까지 수집된 191개의 SS 자료와 인근 유량측정망의 유량자료)의 유량과 SS 농도 간의 관계, 시간에 따른 SS 농도 분포, SS 농도의 월별 특성 분석 및 유황별 SS 농도 변화 등을 검토하였으며, WRTDS 모델로 SS와 부하량을 예측하고 검토하여 자운천 유역의 흙탕물 부하 특성을 검토하였다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2007

Using complementation of RpoH deficient E. coli strain A7448, the rpoH gene encoding heat shock sigma factor 32 (${\sigma}^{32}$) from Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 DSM11726 was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of a stretch of 1,796-bp revealed existence of an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 284 amino acid (32,006 dalton). Deduced amino acid sequence of the Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 RpoH showed that 59.6%, 39.1% and 51.4% identities with those of Nitrosomonas europaea (${\beta}$-proteobacteria), Agrobacterium tumefaciens ($\alpha$-proteobacteria) and E. coli (${\gamma}$-proteobacteria). The expression level of the functional ortholog of RpoH of Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 was increased transiently after heat induction, further indicating that it functions as a heat shock sigma factor.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.625-634
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• 2003

This study was designed to analyze the differences in science achievement and satisfaction between the environments of Face-To-Face (FTF) and Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), and between the interactions of Teacher-Students (TS) and Students-Students (SS). The activities for the interaction in the FTF and the CMC were carried out in the environments of traditional classrooms and the on-line network of communication computer, respectively. These experiments for four different groups (CMC-TS, CMC-SS, FTF-TS and FTF-SS) were performed with respect to 103 students of three 10th grade classes at a girls' high school in Chungju city. The questionnaires were composed of 5questions for achievement, and 13 questions on Likert scale for satisfaction. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, and through examination of each question about the satisfaction. The mean of the science achievement in learning activity was significantly higher in the CMC environment than the FTF. Also, the score in the TS interaction was meaningfully higher than the SS. Under the common environment of the CMC, science achievement and satisfaction in the TS interaction were significantly higher than in the SS. A similar result has been obtained in the satisfaction case even in the common environment of the FTF. The itemized analysis for the satisfaction shows a high score in the individual condition of CMC and TS, compared to that of FTF and SS, respectively. Thus, the school activity, formed in the TS interaction in the CMC environment is more effective at improving science achievement and satisfaction in the teaching and learning of science.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.991-1000
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• 2011

The relationship between discharge (Q) and suspended sediment (SS) concentration often is used for the estimation of inflow SS concentration in reservoir turbidity modeling in the absence of actual measurements. The power function, SS=aQb, is the most commonly used empirical relation to determine the SS load assuming the SS flux is controlled by variations of discharge. However, Q-SS relation typically is site specific and can vary depending on the season of the year. In addition, the relation sometimes shows hysteresis during rising limb and falling limb for an event hydrograph. The objective of this study was to examine the hysteresis of Q-SS relationships through continuous field measurements during flood events at inflow rivers of Yongdam Reservoir and Soyang Reservoir, and to analyze its effect on the bias of SS load estimation. The results confirmed that Q-SS relations display a high degree of scatter and clock-wise hysteresis during flood events, and higher SS concentrations were observed during rising limb than falling limb at the same discharge. The hysteresis caused significant bias and underestimation of SS loading to the reservoirs when the power function is used, which is important consideration in turbidity modeling for the reservoirs. As an alternative of Q-SS relation, turbidity-SS relation is suggested. The turbidity-SS relations showed less variations and dramatically reduced the bias with observed SS loading. Therefore, a real-time monitoring of inflow turbidity is necessary to better estimate of SS influx to the reservoirs and enhance the reliability of reservoir turbidity modeling.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.200-203
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• 2020

The effect of stigmasterol (SS), a phytosterol, in the liposome bilayer on the stability of encapsulated ascorbic acid (ASA) was evaluated. Liposomes, consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and SS, and ASA were encapsulated by the dehydration/rehydration method. The average particle size of the liposome increased with increasing SS content. SS significantly increased the stability of encapsulated ASA. For example, ASA remaining in the liposomes of 100:0, 90:10, and 70:30 (PC:SS, w/w) ratios was 34.12%, 49.88%, and 58.58%, respectively, after storage for 8 days at 4℃, while only 7.66% ASA remained in the buffer under the same conditions. These results indicated that SS in liposomes increased the stability of encapsulated ASA.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

Kisspeptin has been reported to facilitate sexual maturation and ovulation by directly stimulating GnRH neurons via its receptor, GPR54. The KiSS-GPR54 system is playing an important role in the reproduction of several mammalian species. However, little is known about their function in fish. The aim of this study is to understand the physiological function and evolutionary conservation of KiSS-GPR54 system in teleost fish blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus. In the present study, we have partial cloned KiSS1, KiSS2 GPR54 mRNAs from a brain samples. Tissue distribution analysis using RT-PCR revealed that the KiSS1, KiSS2, GPR54 transcripts were expressed in different tissue. The KiSS-GPR54 system in gonadal of immature and mature stage were analyzed using qRT-PCR. The partial sequence of KiSS1, KiSS2, GPR54 were 232 bp, 304 bp, 613 bp long, respectively. KiSS1, KiSS2, GPR54 mRNAs are shown common expression in the brain. The amount of KiSS1, KiSS2 mRNAs expression were significantly higher in mature stage than immature stage. However GPR54 mRNA expression was higher in immature stage. These results are in good agreement with the hypothesis that KiSS-GPR54 system plays an important role in the regulation of reproductive function in the blacktip grouper.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.120
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• pp.217-250
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• 2018

Subjekt oder $Selbstbewu{\ss}tsein$ ist ein grundlegendes Prinzip neuzeitlicher Philosophie. Das $Selbstbewu{\ss}tsein$ ist bei Kant $Selbstbewu{\ss}tsein$(analytische Einheit der Apperzeption als klare Selbstbeziehung) in Objekts $bewu{\ss}tsein$(synthetischer Einheit der Apperzeptuion). Dabei zeigt er ein Reflexionsmodell des $Selbstbewu{\ss}tseins$. Aber er $erkl{\ddot{a}}rt$ nicht systematisch ein $Verh{\ddot{a}}ltnis$ zwischen synthetischer Einheit und analytischer Einheit der Apperzeption, und auch $l{\ddot{o}}st$ er nicht theorienimmanente und formale Schwierigkeiten von Zirkelargument bzw. unendlicher Iteration in der Reflxionsstruktur des $Selbstbewu{\ss}tseins$. Aufgrund der Voraussetzungen seiner eigenen Fundamentalontologie kritisiert der $fr{\ddot{u}}he$ Heidegger, $da{\ss}$ Kants $traditionsabh{\ddot{a}}ngige$ $Subjektivit{\ddot{a}}tstheorie$ Symptome der Seins vergessenheit zeigt, transformiert Kants $Selbstbewu{\ss}tseinstheorie$, interpretiert Kants transformierte Theorie als $subjektivit{\ddot{a}}tstheoretische$ $Begr{\ddot{u}}ndung$ der traditionellen Ontologie von Vorhandenheit, und versteht sie als ersten Schritt und erstes phlosophisches Modell seiner Fundamentalontologie. Durch kritische Interpretation von Kants Lehre von Selbstaffektion und $Selbstbewu{\ss}tsein$ deutet er ein Modell des $Selbstbewu{\ss}tseins$ als des $ph{\ddot{a}}nomenologischen$ $Horizontsbewu{\ss}tseins$ an. In diesem Modell der vorreflexiven und unmittelbaren Selbstbeziehung entstehen Schwierigkeiten von Zirkelargument bzw. unendlicher Iteration nicht. Apel kritisiert Kants $selbstbewu{\ss}te$ Apperzeptionstheorie in dem Sinne, $da{\ss}$ sie solipsistisch sei, und in seiner Transzendentalpragmatik $vervollst{\ddot{a}}ndigt$ er Kants transzendentalphilosophische $G{\ddot{u}}ltigkeit$ in der Dimension von $Intersubjektivit{\ddot{a}}t$ diskurierender Menschen. Hierbei ersetzt die Kommunikationsgemeinschaft Kants Apperzeption oder $Bewu{\ss}tsein$ ${\ddot{u}}berhaupt$. In der transzendentalpragmatischen Sicht, die auf den sprachlichen Bezug des Denkens und Erkennens und die Kommunikationsgemeinschaft geht, beruht das $Selbstbewu{\ss}tsein$ oder die Reflexion des Subjekts wesentlich auf seinem sprachlich vermittelten sozialen Bezug. Also geht es nicht um Zirkelargument und unendliche Iteration in denkender Selbstbeziehung des Subjekts. Ebeling hebt Heideggers Daseinsanalytik auf das Niveau von Apels Transzendentalpragmatik an und entwickelt Fundamatalpragmatik ${\ddot{u}}ber$ $Widerstandsbewu{\ss}tsein$ gegen allgemeinen Tod. Dieser $Widerstandsbewu{\ss}tsein$ ist fundamentalpragmatische Transformation von Kants $Selbstbewu{\ss}tsein$. Der $Widerstandsbewu{\ss}tsein$ der Vernunft bleibt in der solipsistischen Dimension nicht und ist ein $Bewu{\ss}tsein$, das in der Widerstandsgemeinschaft durch Argumentation universalisiert werden kann. Hierbei geht es nicht um Zirkelargument und unendliche Iteration.