• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.227-241
• /
• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and immune regulatory effect of oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction in aged rats. 2. Methods The rats in the normal group were 14 weeks old, and those in the control and Chungsimyeonja-tang groups were 40 weeks old. The rats in Chungsimyeonja-tang group were orally treated with chungsimyeonjatang decoction daily for 2 months. To observe the anti-oxidative effect and immune regulatory effect of Chungsimyeonja-tang, we performed blood chemistry analysis, histological analysis. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The number of WBC in blood was significantly increased and the number of PLT in blood was significantly decreased by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction. 2) The levels of albumin, LDL cholesterol, ALP and GOT in serum were significantly decreased, and the level of glucose in serum was significantly increased by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction. 3) The concentrations of glutathione and catalase were significantly increased and the concentrations of NO and MDA were significantly decreased in the liver of early aged rats by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction. 4) The concentrations of SOD and catalase were significantly increased and the concentration of MDA was significantly decreased in the lung of aged rats by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction. 5) The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly decreased while the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ were significantly increased in the spleen of early aged rats by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 2003

Effect of mixture of food material water extracts(modouri) composed of Job's tears, maize, buckwheat Japanese mushroom, lovage, licorice and jujube(13 : 50 : 15 : 2 : 5 : 5 : 5, v/v)] on the content of testosterone(T) and dihydrotestosterone(DHT), biochemical and histological changes of rat were investigated. Animal experiments(30 rats) were divided into 3 experimental groups(control, modouri and propecia). The summarized results were as follows: Activities of GOT, GPT, ALP, ${\gamma}$-GTP and content of total cholesterol and total lipid are normal in modouri group. Therefore modouri does not give rise to any damage in the liver. Also in the histological view, modouri does not have any hepatotoxic effect and increase the number of hair folicle. Total(T+DHT) and DHT content in rat serum and skin are significantly decrease in modouri group compare to the control but there is not any significant difference with propecia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.70 no.6
• /
• pp.462-473
• /
• 2011

Background: Smoking is a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the mechanism of the association remains obscure. There is evidence demonstrating that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is involved in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This study was to determine whether the administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PAI-1 or PAI-1 inhibitor to the cigarette smoking extract (CSE)-exposed rat alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII cells) limits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: ATII cells were isolated from lung of SD-rat using percoll gradient method and cultured with 5% CSE. The EMT was determined from the ATII cells by measuring the real-time RT PCR and western blotting after the PAI-1 siRNA transfection to the cells and after administration of tiplaxtinin, an inhibitor of PAI-1. The effect of PAI-1 inhibitor was also evaluated in the bleomycin-induced rats. Results: PAI-1 was overexpressed in the smoking exposed ATII cells and was directly associated with EMT. The EMT from the ATII cells was suppressed by PAI-1 siRNA transfection or administration of tiplaxtinin. Signaling pathways for EMT by smoking extract were through the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and ERK1/2, and finally Snail expression. Tiplaxtinin also suppressed the pulmonary fibrosis and PAI-1 expression in the bleomycin-induced rats. Conclusion: Our data shows that CSE induces rat ATII cells to undergo EMT by PAI-1 via SMAD2-ERK1/2-Snail activation. This suppression of EMT by PAI-1 siRNA transfection or PAI-1 inhibitor in primary type II alveolar epithelial cells might be involved in the attenuation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.385-389
• /
• 2004

A novel gene Jpk, originally isolated as a trans-acting factor associating with the position-specific regulatory element of murine Hox gene has been reported to be expressed differentially in the liver of diabetic animals. Therefore, in an attempt to develop a possible diagnostic marker and/or new therapeutic agent for the Diabetes Mellitus, we analysed the expression pattern of Jpk among organs of normal and diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Total RNAs were isolated from each organs (brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, blood, and testis) of diabetic and normal rats in both normal feeding and after fasting condition. And then RT (reverse transcription) PCR has been performed using Jpk­specific primers. The Jpk gene turned out to be expressed in all organs tested, with some different expression profiles among normal and diabetes, though. Upon fasting, Jpk expressions were reduced in all organs tested except kidney, muscle and brain of normal rat. Whereas in diabetes, Jpk expressions were increased in all organs except heart, muscle and testis when fasted. Compared to the normal rat, the Jpk expression level in blood was remarkably upregulated (about 15-30times) in diabetic rat whether in normal feeding or fasting conditon, suggesting that the Jpk could be a candidate gene for the possible blood diagnostic marker for the Diabetes Mellitus.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.193-200
• /
• 2011

This study is intended to examine the tDCS and Montoya stair task(MST) on sensorimotor recovery and glial scar expression in MCAo induced stroke model of rat. To achieve this goal, this study selected 80 SD rats of 8 weeks. The experiment groups were divided them into four groups, and assigned 20 rats to each group. Group I was a experimental control group; GroupII was a tDCS application group after MCAo; Group III was a MST application group after MCAo; Group IV was a tDCS and MST application group after MCAo. In each group, neurological function test measurement, motor behavior test, montoya stair task test, immunohistochemistric finding of GFAP expression finding were analyzed. In motor behavior test, the outcome of group I was significantly difference than the other group, especially from 14days. In montoya stair task test, the outcome of group I was significantly lower than the other group especially, group II were significantly different on 14days and group IV was most significantly difference than the other group. In immunohistochemistric finding, group II, III, IV were decrease GFAP expression on depend on time stream. These results throughout the MCAo due to focal ischemic brain injury rat model four weeks tDCS and MST was applied, when the neurobehavioural, upper extremity function and ability, histopathologic data suggest that sensorimotor function recovery and a positive influence on glial scar decrease and confirmed that.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.166-170
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitive effect of Saururus chinenesis Baill (SCB) on lipid peroxidation in Sprague-Dawely rat (SD-rat) accutely exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Saururus chinenesis Baill (200 mg/kg) was administered into rats intraperitoneally for four weeks, seven days after the injection of TCDD (1 ${\mu}$g/kg). we examined th lipid parameters by measuring the levels of Total Cholestero, Triglyceride(TG), HDL-Cholestero, and LDL-Cholesterol in serum and Malone Dialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue of rats. Cholesterol was siginificantly elevated in TCDD-treated abnormal group (TTA). The higher level of HDL-Cholesterol was found in Saururus chinenesis Baill and TCDD administered group (STT), which showed the lower levels of Total-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol. TG content in the TTA was 34.84% increased compared to Non TCDD-treated group (NTT). That of STT was inhibited by 18.90% compared to TTA. MDA content in the TTA was 44.72% increased compared to NTT. That of STT was inhibited by 17.14% compared to TTA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Akebiae Lignum herbal acupuncture(AL-HA) at $KI_{10}$ in acute nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats were divided into 5 groups and 4 groups were injected LPS to induce acute nephritis. Normal group was normal SD rat, LPS group was injected LPS, AL-HA group was treated with AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ three times for a week, needle prick(NP) group with 26 gauge needle and saline group with normal saline. To evaluate the effects of AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ on acute nephritis in rats, WBC, neutrophil in blood, BUN, TNF-${\alpha}$, CINC-1 in serum and urinary volume, total protein in urine, renal MPO were measured and renal tissue was analyzed. Results : AL-HA group significantly reduced WBC, neutrophil in blood, BUN in serum, total protein in urine and renal MPO. And AL-HA group reduced concentration of neutrophil on glomerulus than LPS group in histological analysis. Conclusions : AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on acute nephritis in LPS stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that AL-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for acute nephritis in clinical field after further researches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.512-513
• /
• 2008

The study examined what effects 100kHz PWM LED light irradiation causes to bone marrow cells of SD-Rat when LED characterized cheap and safe is used onto the light therapy by replacing the low 1evel laser. We developed the equipment palpating cell proliferation using a high brightness LED. This equipment was fabricated using a micro-controller and a high brightness LED, and designed to enable us to control light irradiation time, intensity, frequency and so on. Especially, to control the light irradiation frequency, FPGA was used, and to control the change of output value, TLC5941 was used. Consequent1y, the current value could be controlled by the change of 1eve1 in Continue Wave(CW) and Pulse Width Modulation(PWM), and the output of a high brightness LED could be controlled stage by stage. MTT assay method was chosen to verify the cell increase of two groups and the effect of irradiation on cell proliferation was examined by measuring 590nm transmittance of ELISA reader. As a result, the cell increase of Rat bone marrow cells was verified in 100kHz PWM LED light irradiation group as compared to non-irradiation group.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.109-126
• /
• 2002

The herbal extract (YMT_02) is a modified herbal extracts from Yukmijihwangtang (YMJ) to promote memory-enhancing. The YMJ extracts has been widely used as an anti-aging herbal medicine for hundred years in Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to; 1) quantitatively evaluate the memory-enhancing effect of YMT_02 by hehavior task, 2) identify candidate genes responsible for enhancing memory by cDNA microarray and 3) assess the anti-oxidant effect of YMT_02 on PC12 cell. Memory retention abilities are addressed by passive avoidance task with Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rat. Before the training session, the rats are subdivided into four groups and administrated with YMT_02, Ginkgo biloba, Soya lecithin and normal saline for 10 days. The retention test was performed. 24 hours after the training session. The retention time of the YMT_02 group was significantly (p<0.05) delayed $({\sim}100%)$, whereas Ginkgo biloba and Soya lecithin treatment delayed 20% and 10% respectively. The hippocampi of YMT_02 and control group were dissected and mRNA was further purified. After synthesizing cDNA using oligo-dT primer, the cDNA were applied and mRNA was further purified. After synthesizing cDNA using oligo-dT primer, the cDNA were applied to Incyte rat GEMTM 2 cDNA microarray. The microarray results show that prealbumin(transthyretin), phosphotidy lethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and PEP-19 are expressed abundantly in the YMT_02 treated group. Especially, PEP-19 is a neuron-specific protein, which inhibits apoptotic processes in neuronal cell. On the other hand, transcripts of RAB15, glutamate receptor subunit 2 and CDK 108 are abundant in control group. Besides, neuronal genes involved in neuronal death or neurodegeneration such as neuronal-pentraxin and spectrin are abundantly expressed in control group. Additionally, the YMT_02 shows an anti oxidative effect in the PC12 cell. The list of differentially expressed genes may implicate further insight on the action and mechanism behind the memory-enhancing effect of herbal extracts YMT_02, for example, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective effects.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.263-273
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to investigate effect of scalp acupuncture (SA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intervention on neuromotor function in photothrombotic cerebral infarction (PCI) rat model. Sixty male SD rats were used. PCI was induced on M1 cortex of right frontal lobe. SA was performed at the Qianding (GV21), Xuanli (GB6) acupoints of ipsilesional M1. Low-frequency rTMS was delivered to contralesional M1. All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, normal (n, 15); group B, PCI without any stimulation intervention (n, 15); group C, PCI with SA (n, 15); group D, PCI with rTMS (n, 15). Rota-rod test and Ladder rung walking test (LWT) were done weekly for 8 weeks after PCI. SA or rTMS was started from post-PCI 4^th day as protocol for 8 weeks. H/E stain and IHC were done. Western blot and qRT-PCR study were performed for MAP2 and BDNF from ipsilesional M1 peri-infarction tissue. Brain MRI study was conducted to quantify the volume of cerebral infarction. As a result, left forelimb and hindlimb function significantly improved more in group C and D than control group, with expressed more BDNF and MAP2. And brain MRI showed focal infarction of right M1 after PCI, and infarction volume progressively decreased in group C and D than group B from post-PCI 5^th to 8^th week. SA or rTMS was more effective than no intervention group on neuromotor function of PCI rat model. The functional recovery was associated with stimulation intervention-related neurogenesis.