• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.216-221
• /
• 2001

Objective: To compare, in terms of their demonstration of tears of the anterior glenoid labrum, oblique axial MR arthrography obtained with the patient's shoulder in the abduction and external rotation (ABER) position, with conventional axial MR arthrography obtained with the patient's arm in the neutral position. Materials and Methods: MR arthrography of the shoulder, including additional oblique axial sequences with the patient in the ABER position, was performed in 30 patients with a clinical history of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. The degree of anterior glenoid labral tear or defect was evaluated in both the conventional axial and the ABER position by two radiologists. Decisions were reached by consensus, and a three-point scale was used: grade 1=normal; grade 2=probable tear, diagnosed when subtle increased signal intensity in the labrum was apparent; grade 3=definite tear/defect, when a contrast material-filled gap between the labrum and the glenoid rim or deficient labrum was present. The scores for each imaging sequence were averaged and to compare conventional axial and ABER position scans, Student's t test was performed. Results: In 21 (70%) of 30 patients, the same degree of anterior instability was revealed by both imaging sequences. Eight (27%) had a lower grade in the axial position than in the ABER position, while one (3%) had a higher grade in the axial position. Three whose axial scan was grade 1 showed only equivocal evidence of tearing, but their ABER-position scan, in which a contrast material-filled gap between the labrum and the glenoid rim was present, was grade 3. The average grade was 2.5 (SD=0.73) for axial scans and 2.8 (SD=0.46) for the ABER position. The difference between axial and ABER-position scans was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: MR arthrography with the patient's shoulder in the ABER position is more efficient than conventional axial scanning in revealing the degree of tear or defect of the anterior glenoid labrum. When equivocal features are seen at conventional axial MR arthrography, oblique axial imaging in the ABER position is helpful.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.353-360
• /
• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of depression, somatization, and jaw disability on graded chronic pain of TMD using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Ninety-three patients (17 men and 76 women, mean$\pm$SD age of 30.1$\pm$12.5 years) diagnosed with TMD based on RDC/TMD axis I criteria were administered RDC/TMD axis II history questionnaire. The relationships between depression, somatization, jaw disability, and each parameters of graded chronic pain (e.g. pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, graded chronic pain scale) were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Among 93 TMD patients, the prevalence of low disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 42.0% and high disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 51.5%. 2. Depression did not show any significant influences on pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, and graded chronic pain scale. 3. Somatization showed a significant effect on pain intensity (p<0.01), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (p<0.01) except for both pain days and disability score. 4. Jaw disability also showed a significant effect on pain intensity (P<0.001), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (P<0.001) except for both pain days and disability score. Somatization and jaw disability may closely relate to the pain intensity and degree of disability that TMD patients perceive. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of psychological profile and improvement of functional limitation of jaw movements in the patient should be considered to obtain an excellent outcome of chronic TMD management.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.38-48
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study described female college students' knowledge, self-efficacy and health behaviors related to bone health. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 214 students were conveniently recruited from a school of nursing in Korea. Participants (mean age=21.2, SD=1.9 years) bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptionmetry. Participants also completed a questionnaire consisting of knowledge test, self-efficacy scale and health behaviors related to bone health. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The mean BMD at left femoral neck site was $0.86g/cm^2$ and 6.1~12.6%. Results showed that participants were below the expected range of BMD. Level of knowledge (correct rate=54%) and self-efficacy were moderate (mean 54.8 out of 84). More than 84% of subjects drank alcohol more than once a month and 58.4% did participate in regular exercise. Only 7.9% participants took calcium and vitamin-D rich foods every day. There were significant positive correlations between knowledge and self-efficacy (r=.17), health behaviors (r=.14) and self-efficacy and health behaviors (r=.28, all p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that health care professionals need to provide effective interventions for young women in order to enhance knowledge, self-efficacy and health behaviors related to bone health.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.40 no.10
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2003

In this study, microscale, high-performance, solenoid-type RF chip inductors were investigated. The size of the RF chip inductors fabricated in this work was 1.0${\times}$0.5${\times}$0.5㎣. The materials (96% Al2O3) and shape (I-type) of the core were determined by a Maxwell three-dimensional field simulator to maximize the performance of the inductors. The copper (Cu) wire with 40${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ diameter was used as the coils. High frequency characteristics of the inductance (L), quality-factor (Q), and capacitance (C) of developed inductors were measured using an RF Impedance/Material Analyzer (HP4291B with HP16193A test fixture). The inductors developed have inductances of 11 to 39 nH and quality factors of 28 to 50 over the frequency ranges of 250MHz to 1 GHz, and show results comparable to those measured for the inductors prepared by CoilCraf $t^{Tm}$ that is one of the best chip inductor company in the world. The simulated data predicted the high-frequency data of the L, Q, and C of the inductors developed well.l.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.42 no.11
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we present design and prototyping of a low-cost, integrated multi-functional micro health sensor chip that can be used or embedded in widely consumer devices, such as cell phone and PDA, for monitoring environmental condition including air pressure, temperature and humidity. This research's scope includes basic individual sensor study, architecture for integrating sensors on a chip, fabrication process compatibility and test/evaluation of prototype sensors. The results show that the integrated TPH sensor has good characteristics of ${\pm}\;1\%FS$ of linearity and hysteresis for pressure sensor and temperature sensor and of ${\pm}\;5\%FS$ of linearity and hysteresis But if we use 3rd order approximation for humidity sensor, full scale error becomes much smaller and this will be one of our future study.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.44 no.11
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

A wideband continuous-time sigma delta modulator for wireless application is implemented in 130nm CMOS. The SNR for small input signal is improved using a proposed adaptive quantizer which can effectively scale the quantization level. The modulator comprises a second-order loop filter for low power consumption, 4-bit quantizer and DAC for low jitter sensitivity and high linearity. Designed circuit achieves peak SNR of 51.36B with 10MHz signal Bandwidth and 320MHz sampling frequency dissipating 30mW.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The objective of this study was to collect the basic data for improving the quality of nursing education by identifying the teaching efficiency of the ordered clinical nursing education by preceptor which was accepted by Gachongil College since 2001. Method: The data was collected from 30 Sept to 20 Oct 2002. The subjects of this study were 240 nursing students, junior 2nd term trained by the preceptors and 137 preceptors of 12 hospitals located in Inchon, Gyong Ki-do, and Seoul. The scale for measuring the teaching effectiveness, developed by Kim Miae et al.(1998), was employed as a tool for me study. The data was analysed by SPSS using mean value(SD), and ANOVA. Results: Mean value of teaching efficiency of preceptors evaluated by me nursing students scored 3.68(maximum 5). For 5 causal factors classified en the teaching efficiency, the factor of "teaching method and evaluation" showed the highest score, but "available as resource person" get the lowest. Items showing high score en teaching efficiency were "overall effectiveness of teacher", "was able to work with staff in cooperative manner", but the item of was unclear in instructions given to me showed the lowest. The psychiatric ward get the highest score, but cardiac catheterization room showed the lowest. The hospital 10 showed the highest score, but the hospital 8 get the lowest. Conclusion: As the findings from this study, the ordered clinical nursing education by preceptor showed higher teaching efficiency than the conventional education. Thus, cooperative relationship between nursing colleges and hospitals shall be suggested for improving the quality of clinical nursing education, and ordered clinical nursing education system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.924-934
• /
• 2003

The aim of the present study was to measure intra-individual consistency in clothing style evaluation and to examine its relation to the ratings. For this study, a pilot test was conducted to 50 clothing majored university students to explore the stimulus of‘cute’,‘casual’,‘sexy’,‘elegant’,‘intelligent’,‘formal’,‘romantic’,‘individual’,‘refined’for the 9 each image styles from the 32 spring wears in fashion magazine$\boxDr$FARBE$\boxUl$(March, 2000). On the basis of the preliminary survey, the question items explored the 15 pairs of bipolar adjectives as seven-point Likert type. The main survey was preceded 94 female and 111 men of university students from March 13 to 24 in 2000, twice for 7-days interval. As a result of analyzing of correlation coefficients between the two ratings for each subjects, intra-individual consistency in the evaluation, ranged from -.11 to .87 and mean coefficient was .64 of female and .20 to .76 and mean coefficient was .57 of male. Female had higher intra-individual consistency in the evaluation than male. Based on the coefficients, the subjects were classified into three groups: high, medium, and low intra-individual consistency. Analysis of variance of mean ratings by the three groups revealed that significant difference existed in 42% of female and 25% of male in 135 combinations of 9 clothing and 15 semantic differential scales. There was an apparent tendency that subjects of female with high intra-individual consistency were mostly definitely to evaluate clothing, whereas the ones with low were least. But male shows opposit trend compare to each groups of female. The result of this study, it was found that female rated higher intra-individual consistency and definition in the two times evaluations than male and among the semantic differential scales'consistency differ depending on style and gender. It is believed that the result of this study is helpful clothing image evaluation, and clothing image selection tendency.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Standardization and clear description of locating acupuncture points guarantees reproducibility and credibility of the results in animal studies of acupuncture points and meridians. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the acupoint description of the previous experimental studies and suggesting guidelines for related journals. Methods : We searched animal studies where acupuncture points were used in Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society and Journal of Meridian & Acupoint with a limitation of period, from 2002 to 2006. Data on experimental animals, acupuncture points and their descriptions were extracted and put in a predefined form. They were classified as one of the 4 classes; A) descriptions of the acupuncture points present, B) no description of the acupuncture points and only reference provided, C) neither description of the acupuncture points nor reference provided, or D) acupuncture point detector used. Two authors independently extracted and classified the data and the disagreements were resolved by discussion. Experts were invited to rate acupuncture point description validity on a numeric rating scale in the 11-item questionnaire. Results : Two hundred and five studies were identified and classified as follows; A) 32.2% (n=66), B) 7.8% (n=16), C) 51.2% (n=105), and D) 8.8% (n=18). Experts ratings were significantly lower for class C (mean${\pm}$SD, 2.14${\pm}$1.35, 95% CI [1.90, 2.39], P = 0.004 compared with class B, P ${\leq}$ 0.001 compared with class A or C) and no difference was found between classes A, B, and D. Conclusions : Reporting of acupuncture points in experimental animals is poor and validity and reliability of the result from such reporting is hampered. We suggest that journal editors and experts provide guidelines for reporting animal acupuncture points and adopt them into guide for authors for related journals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.1177-1182
• /
• 2007

This study aims at identifying the effect of preferred visual and auditory stimuli on the road traffic noise perception through the series of psychoacoustic experiments. The first experiment was designed to find the addition effect of a sound reproducing system in a square where lay adjacent to roads with road traffic noise, provide appropriate music corresponding to the varying conditions of weather in the given space. In result, it was found that the rating around the square improved toward more positive adjectives. The second experiment was designed to assess the visual effect of twelve roadsides with different landscapes on the road traffic noise perception. As a result, approx. 3 to 5 dB(A) of psychological reduction was seen in places where natural landscape was preferred, compared to the others, although the noise levels were similar. The third experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of visual screen from adjacent roads on road traffic noise perception by means of ME method in a laboratory. In result, the effect of psychological reduction was observed at 65dB(A) or lower. Especially, complete screening from adjacent roads led to 5 to 10% of loudness reduction effect, compared to non-screening cases. Finally, the fourth experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of visual and auditory information with ME method and 7-point SD rating scale in a laboratory. In result, up to 10% of loudness reduction and about 2dB(A) of noise perceptional reduction were seen at 65dB(A) or lower.