• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2000

Since cancer is not easily curable, patients who suffer from cancer may have physical, psychological and spiritual problems for the rest of their lives. Especially when cancer patients do not have much to live for and are placing a burden on their family they will experience more suffering emotionally as much as physically. This study was conducted to provide a basis of data for nursing intervention strategies to minimize a cancer patient`s suffering and to understand the relationship between suffering, burden and the meaning of life in cancer patients. The samples were composed of 160 cancer patients who were inpatients or outpatients of two university hospitals and two general hospitals in Seoul. Data collection were carried out from January, 25, 1999 to February, 26, 1999. The data were analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistics, pearson correlations, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results were as follows; 1. The scores on the two suffering scale ranged from 132 to 40 with a mean of 87.3(SD 17.5). The mean scores on the burden scale is 28.9(SD 6.9) and the score of the meaning of life ranged from 35 to 51 with a mean of 95.6(SD 18.4). 2. There were significant correlations between the amount of suffering and the magnitude of burden (r=.74, p=.00), the suffering and the meaning of life (r=-.59, p=.00) and the burden and meaning of life (r=-.61, p=.00). 3. In the degree of the suffering, the burden and the meaning of life were two very strong factors, the level of the suffering in cancer patients by age (F=2.64, p=.03) and education level (F=4.16, p=.00). The level of the burden in cancer patients differed by education level (F=4.70, p=.00) and type of cancer (F=2.97, p= .03). Also the level of the meaning of life in cancer patients was different by education level (F=3.55, p=.02). In conclusion, the burden and the meaning of life was identified as important variable that is contributed to reduce the suffering of cancer patients.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2020

Background: Cadmium exposure may induce chronic intoxication with renal damage. Silver soldering may be a source of cadmium exposure. Methods: We analyzed working environment measurement data and periodic health screening data from a small-scale silver soldering company with ten workers. Concentrations of cadmium in air from working environment measurement data were obtained. Concentrations of blood and urinary cadmium, urine protein, and urine β2-microglobulin (β2M) were obtained. The generalized linear model was used to identify the association between blood and urine cadmium and urine β2M concentrations. Clinical features of chronic cadmium intoxication focused with toxicological renal effects were described. Results: The mean duration of work was 8.5 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.9, range = 3-20 years). Cadmium concentrations in air were ranged from 0.006 to 0.015 mg/㎥. Blood cadmium concentration was elevated in all ten workers, with a highest level of 34.6 ㎍/L (mean = 21.288 ㎍/L, SD = 11.304, range = 9.641-34.630 ㎍/L). Urinary cadmium concentration was elevated in nine workers, with a highest level of 62.9 ㎍/g Cr (mean = 22.151 ㎍/g creatinine, SD = 19.889, range = 3.228-62.971 ㎍/g creatinine). Urine β2M concentration was elevated in three workers. Urinary cadmium concentration was positively associated with urine protein concentration (beta coefficient = 10.27, 95% confidence interval = [4.36, 16.18]). Other clinical parameters were compatible with renal tubular damage. Conclusion: Cadmium intoxication may occur at quite low air concentrations. Exposure limit may be needed to be lowered.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2017

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired postural control, but critically require the control of stability. Consequently, therapeutic interventions for enhancing postural control in children with CP have undergone extensive research. One intervention is sensorimotor training (SMT) using a Flexi-bar, but this has not previously been studied with respect to targeting trunk control in children with CP. Objects: This study was conducted to determine the effect of SMT using a Flexi-bar on postural balance and gait performance in children with CP. Methods: Three children with ambulatory spastic diplegia (SD) participated in the SMT program by using a Flexi-bar for forty minutes per day, three times a week, for six weeks. Outcome variables included the pediatric balance scale (PBS), trunk control movement scale (TCMS), 10 meter walking test (10MWT), and 3-dimensional movement coordination measurement. Results: The SMT provided no statistically significant improvement in PBS, TCMS, 10MWT, or 3-dimensional movement coordination measurement. However, positive changes were observed in individual outcomes, as balance and trunk control movement were improved. Conclusion: SMT using a Flexi-bar may be considered by clinicians as a potential intervention for increasing postural balance and performance in children with SD. Future studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of Flexi-bar exercise in improving the functional activity of subjects with SD.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5063-5069
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in most countries of the world. It is ranked first in females in Morocco (accounting for 33.4% of the total cancer burden) and more than 60% of cases are diagnosed at stage III or IV. During the last decade, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important aspect of breast cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to describe self-reported HRQOL in patients with breast cancer and to investigate its associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the main oncology centers in Morocco. Quality of life was measured using the Moroccan Arabic versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C 30 (EORTC QLQ C30) and the Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23). Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 1463 subjects were included in the study, with a mean age of 55.6 (SD. 11.2) years, 70% being married. The majority had stage II (45.9%) and a few cases stage IV (12.9%) lesions. The participants' global health mean score was 68.5 and in "functional scales", social functioning scored the highest (Mean 86.2 (SD=22.7)). The most distressing symptom on the symptom scale was financial difficulties (Mean 63.2 (SD=38.2)). Using the disease specific tool, it was found that future perspective scored the lowest (Mean 40.5 (SD=37.3)). On the symptom scale, arm symptoms scored the highest (Mean 23.6 (SD=21.6)). Significant mean differences were noted for many functional and symptom scales. Conclusion: Our results emphasized that the general HRQOL for our study population is lower than for corresponding populations in other countries. This study provided baseline information on the quality of life for a large sample of Moroccan women diagnosed with breast cancer.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2024

Objectives This study aims to analyze clinical studies on subacromial-subdeltoid (SA-SD) bursitis and propose future directions for clinical research on SA-SD bursitis. Methods We searched eight databases to investigate research trends in Korean medicine treatments for SA-SD bursitis up to November 2023. A total of thirty-one studies were included in this analysis. Results Among the included studies, there were six case reports from Korea, fifteen case reports, and ten randomized controlled trials from abroad. Various interventions were uesd, including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, manual therapy, electro-acupuncture, cupping, physiotherapy, acupotomy, warm-acupuncture, herbal medicine, and moxibustion. The evaluation tools used in these studies included the total effective rate, visual analogue scale, range of motion, and numeral rating scale. Conclusions This study provides an overview of the research trends in Korean medicine treatments for SA-SD bursitis. However, given the low quality and small sample sizes of the studies, the evidence supporting effect of Korean medicine treatments for SA-SD bursitis was insufficient. Further clinical trials and systematic reviews are required.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

This study was aimed at developing a scale to evaluate Korean home environments for infants and toddlers for the purpose of being used by teachers caring for infants and toddlers. The subjects of this study were 250 mothers of 0- to 2-year-olds. Mean, SD, $x^2$, Cramer's V, factor analysis, Pearson correlations, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were calculated in order to analyze the outcomes of this study. As a result, 38 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item distribution and item discrimination. Four factors with 21 items were extracted from the factor analysis : 'developmental stimulus', 'responsivity', 'encouragement of verbal interaction', and 'arrangement of daily routines'. Our analysis of the correlation of this scale with SES, HOME, and children's developmental outcomes showed acceptable concurrent validity. Internal consistency of this scale was high. These results identify this scale as a valid and reliable measure of the Korean home environment for infants and toddlers.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess a Korean home environment for middle childhood children. The subjects were 283 mothers of 6- to 8-year-old children in Korea. The method for data analysis included Mean, SD, $x^2$, Cramer's V, factor analysis, Pearson correlations, and Cronbach's $\alpha$. As a result, 45 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item distribution and item discrimination(Cramer's discriminant coefficients ranged from .256-.615). Four factors with 21 items were extracted from the factor analysis. Subscales were 'academic stimulation(9)', 'acceptance(4)', 'child-centered environment(4)', 'basic care for daily routine(4)'. Analysis of the relation of this scale to SES, MC-HOME, and children's developmental functioning(cognitive, language, and social) showed acceptable concurrent validity. Internal consistency of this scale was high, including internal reliability of subscales. These results confirm this scale as a valid and reliable measure of the Korean home environment for middle childhood children.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2021

본 연구는 간호대학생을 대상으로 핵심수기술 자가학습용 모바일 앱을 개발하고, 유용성을 평가하기 위해 실시된 융합적 연구이다. 모바일 앱 평가도구(MARS)와 7개의 서술형 문항을 사용하여 22명의 간호대학생을 대상으로 모바일 앱의 유용성 평가하였다. 정보제공성 영역이 4.19(SD 0.79)점으로 가장 높았으며, 주관적 앱의 질영역이 3.08(SD 0.87)점으로 가장 낮은 평가를 받았다. 대상자의 핵심수기술 수행자신감은 8.23(SD 1.60)점 이었으며, 학습만족도는 7.89(SD 0.87)점이었다. 또한, 서술형 문항에서 학생들은 시공간의 제약이 없는 편리성과 반복적인 자가학습이 가능하다는 점을 가장 큰 강점으로 꼽았으며, 디자인과 기술적인 보완, 교수자 피드백의 필요성을 언급하였다. 본 융합연구의 결과를 활용하여 핵심수기술 자가학습의 효과적인 학습 촉매제로 모바일 앱의 사용을 도모할 수 있을 것이며, 향후 간호대학생의 핵심수기술 수행역량에 대한 모바일 앱의 효과연구가 필요하다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify related factors of stress, social support and rehabilitation motivation of stroke survivors and analyze their relationship. Method: A sample of 106 stroke survivors completed face-to-face interviews. The levels of stress, social support and rehabilitation motivation were measured by the Neuman's stress, Multidimentional Scale Perceived Social Support and Han's Rehabilitation Motivation, respectively. The t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation were conducted using the SPSS 17.0. Results: The mean scores of stress, social support and rehabilitation motivation were 3.3 (SD=0.76), 3.2 (SD=0.88), and 3.4 (SD=0.49) respectively. Compared to stroke survivors who had no spouses, those with spouses had a lower level of stress (t=9.52, p=.003), a higher level of social support (t=7.32, p=.008) and a higher level of rehabilitation motivation (t=15.39, p=.001). The rehabilitation motivation was significantly higher in stroke survivors with higher education (F=5.00, p=.001), more monthly income (F=15.39, p=.001), greater income satisfaction (F=3.80, p=.026), shorter duration of disease (F=3.64, p=.030) and absence of dysarthria (t=6.81, p=.010). Stress, social support and rehabilitation motivation are significantly related with each other. Conclusion: The findings suggest that these significant factors should be considered when caring for stroke survivors.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.64-68
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• 1993

The idia of modern product design is translated from the concept of functional importance as the basic function to that of emotional importance as the supplement function. In other words, the interests of the emotion in human performance side based on psychological factors of human are increased as well as the function in technical performance side based on physical factors of product. The standard emotional works for understanding the human's emotion are arranged in this paper. The standard emotional words are composed of words expressing the humaa's emotion. The adjectives adaptable to human's emotional works are collected from Korean dictionaries and arranged in the semantic differential(SD) scale. Next, the words with great marks evaluated by SD method are analyzed by factor analysis(FA) method and characterized as emotional words for understanding the human's emotion. The standard emotional words arranged in this paper are important because they are basic information for the development of product or technology as well as for the matter of emotional measurement technical development.