• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) gene is one of the essential transcription factors plants use for responding to stress conditions including salinity, drought, and cold stress. The purpose of this study was to isolate the full length and characterize the DREB gene from three different genotypes of sugarcane, wild, commercial cultivar, and interspecific hybrid sugarcane. The length of the gene, designated ScDREB was 789 bp, and coding for a putative polypeptide of 262 amino acid residues. Sequences of the gene were submitted to the GenBank database with accession numbers of KX280722.1, KX280721.1, and KX280719.1 for wild sugarcane, commercial cultivar (KPS94-13), and interspecific hybrid (Biotec2), respectively. In silico characterization indicated that the deduced polypeptide contains a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence, and a conserved AP2/ERF domain of the DREB family, at 82-140 amino residues. Based on multiple sequence alignment, sequences of the gene from the three sugarcane genotypes were classified in the DREB2 group. Gene expression analysis indicated, that ScDREB2 expression pattern in tested sugarcane was up-regulated by salt stress. When the plants were under 100 mM NaCl stress, relative expressions of the gene in leaves was higher than those in roots. In contrast, under 200 mM NaCl stress, relative expressions of the gene in roots was higher than those in leaves. This is the first report on cloning the full length and characterization, of ScDREB2 gene of sugarcane. Results indicate that ScDREB2 is highly responsive to salt stress.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to prove the effect of pig slurry application with charcoal on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), feed value and ammonia (NH₃) emission from maize forage. The four treatments were applied: 1) non-pig slurry (only water as a control), 2) only pig slurry application (PS), 3) pig slurry application with large particle charcoal (LC), 4) pig slurry application with small particle charcoal (SC). The pig slurry was applied at a rate of 150 kg N ha^-1, and the charcoal was applied at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 regardless of the size. To determine the feed value of maize, crude protein, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrient, and relative feed value were investigated. All feed value was increased by charcoal treatment compared to water and PS treatment. Also, the NUE for plant N was significantly higher in charcoal treatments (LC and SC) compared to PS treatment. On the other hand, there is no significant difference for feed value and NUE between LC and SC. The NH₃ emission was significantly reduced 15.2% and 27.9% by LC and SC, respectively, compared to PS. Especially, SC significantly decreased NH₃ emission by 15% compared to LC. The present study clearly showed that charcoal application exhibited positive potential in nitrogen use efficiency, feed value and reducing N losses through NH₃ emission.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1397-1410
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• 2021

The present study was designed to determine the influence of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on adipogenesis-related gene regulation in bovine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose cells during differentiation. Bovine IM and SC adipocytes were isolated from three 19-mo-old, crossbred steers. Adipogenic differentiation was induced upon cultured IM and SC preadipocytes with various doses (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) of ATRA. After 96 h of incubation, cells were harvested and used to measure the gene expression of CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), and Smad transcription factor 3 (Smad3) relative to the quantity of ribosomal protein subunit 9 (RPS 9). Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist also tested to identify the effect of ATRA on PPARγ -RAR related gene expression in IM cells. The addition of ATRA to bovine IM decreased (p < 0.05) expression of PPARγ. The expression of PPARγ was also tended to be downregulated (p < 0.1) in high levels (10 µM) of ATRA treatment in SC cells. The treatment of RAR antagonist increased the expression of PPARγ in IM cells. Expression of C/EBPβ decreased (p < 0.05) in SC, but no change was observed in IM (p > 0.05). Increasing levels of ATRA may block adipogenic differentiation via transcriptional regulation of PPARγ. The efficacy of ATRA treatment in adipose cells may vary depending on the location.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.331-345
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• 2023

The effects of pink inhibiting ingredients (PII) to eliminate the pink color defect in cooked turkey breast produced from presalted and stored raw ground turkey in the absence or presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) were examined. Ground turkey breast was mixed with 2% sodium chloride and vacuum packaged. After storage for 6 d, ten PII were individually incorporated without or with added STP (0.5%) as follows: none (control), citric acid (CA; 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%), calcium chloride (CC; 0.025%, 0.05%), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA; 0.005%, 0.01%), and sodium citrate (SC; 0.5%, 1.0%). Treatments were cooked at a fast or slow cooking rate, cooled, and stored before analysis. All PII tested were capable of lowering inherent pink color compared to the control (No STP: CIE a^* pooled day reduction of 23.0%, 5.2%, 12.6%, and 12.6% for CA, CC, EDTA, and SC, respectively; STP: reduction of 21.5%, 17.4%, 6.0%, and 18.2% for CA, CC, EDTA, and SC, respectively). For samples without STP, fast cooking rate resulted in higher CIE a^*. However, slow cooking resulted in more red products than fast cooking when samples included STP. Presalting and storage of ground turkey caused the pink discoloration in uncured, cooked turkey (CIE a^* 6.24 and 5.12 for without and with STP). This pink discoloration can be decreased by inclusion of CA, CC, EDTA, or SC, but incorporation of CA decreased cooking yield. In particular, the addition of SC may provide some control without negatively impacting the cooking yield.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1063-1074
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• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the Sasang constitution (SC) and cold and heat pattern identification (CHPI). Methods: SC, CHPI, MetS, and component data were obtained from 2,561 participants in 26 Korean medical clinics from 2007 to 2013. SC, diagnosed by Korean medicine doctors, was confirmed by positive responses to herbal medicines administered according to that constitution. The CHPI was verified by a questionnaire about thermal sensitivity and drinking habits. The diagnosis criteria for MetS were: 1) waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm (male) and ≥80 cm (female); 2) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; 3) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) <40 mg/dL (male) and <50 mg/dL (female); 4) blood pressure ≧130/85 mmHg; and 5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. Odds ratios (ORs) and differences in MetS and its components were compared using logistic regression and ANCOVA. Results: The MetS prevalence rates were 54.1%, 22.0%, and 33.3% for Taeeumin (TE), Soeumin (SE), and Soyangin (SY), respectively, and 30.5% and 44.5% for the cold and heat patterns, respectively. ANCOVA for MetS components showed significantly higher WC in TE than in SE or SY, and all components except HDL were higher in the heat pattern group than in the cold pattern group. Logistic regression for MetS prevalence showed a significant association between TE and the heat pattern group (OR=1.653) but not for non-TE and the cold pattern group. Conclusions: Considering SC and CHPI together may be more effective in managing MetS than considering SC alone.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.395-403
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• 2023

The paper investigates the effect of two parameters - sand content (SC) and grain migration during shearing - on the mechanical properties of gravel-sand mixtures. Consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial tests were carried out on eight series of mixtures containing gravel (1<d<16 mm) and sand (0.1<d<1 mm). The prepared mixtures have sand contents of 0, 10, 15, 20, 40, 54, 94 and 100%, and a relative density of 60%. The transition sand content (TSC) is experimentally defined and marks the transition from gravel-driven to sand-driven behavior. For SC<TSC, the dry density of the mixture increases with SC. This induces an increase in undrained peak strength and dilative trend. The slope and position of the critical state line (CSL) are also deeply dependent on SC. At SC=TSC, the mixtures exhibit the largest dry density and yield the highest undrained peak strength and the largest dilative trend. During shearing, large internal migration of grains was observed at the TSC, causing heterogeneity in the sample. Analysis of the CSL deduced from the final points of the triaxial tests shows that, at the TSC, failure appears to correspond to the behavior of the coarsest fraction of the soil. This fraction is located in the upper part of the sample, where the sand particles had been eliminated by suffusion. On the other hand, in the more stable materials, the CSL is consistent with the bulk grain size distribution of the soil.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.197-204
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• 2010

This paper proposes a new body-effect compensated switch configuration for low voltage and low distortion switched-capacitor (SC) applications. The proposed circuit allows rail-to-rail switching operation for low voltage SC circuits and has better total harmonic distortion than the conventional bootstrapped circuit by 19 dB. A 2-1 cascaded sigma-delta modulator is provided for performing the high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion on audio codec in a communication transceiver. An experimental prototype for a single-stage folded-cascode operational amplifier (opamp) and a 2-1 cascaded sigma-delta modulator has been implemented m a 0.25 micron double-poly, triple-metal standard CMOS process with 2.7 V of supply voltage. The 1% settling time of the opamp is measured to be 560 ns with load capacitance of 16 pF. The experimental testing of the sigma-delta modulator with bit-stream inspection and analog spectrum analyzing plot is performed. The die size is $1.9{\times}1.5\;mm$.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

This study was conducted to monitor the insecticidal susceptibility of western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis, which damage horticultural crops in the Gyeonggi area. Bioassays were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions by using the recommended concentrations of commercial insecticides being used for the control of thrips. Neonicotinoid insecticides, especially acetamiprid (8%) soluble powder (SP), clothianidin (8%) SC, imidacloprid (10%) wettable powder (WP) and thiacloprid (10%) water dispersible granule (WG) were not toxic to F. occidentalis collected from horticultural crops. However, F. occidentalis collected from vegetable greenhouses was extremely susceptible to acetamiprid + spinetoram (6 + 4%) suspension concentration (SC), clothianidin + spinetoram (6 + 4%) SC and methoxyfenozide + spinetoram (6 + 4%) SC, which resulted in over 90% control of thrips. In the greenhouse test, spinetoram (5%) WG, which caused 100% F. occidentalis mortality in the laboratory test, showed 87.4, 88.0, and 98.3% control at 3, 6, and 9 days after treatment, respectively, while imidacloprid (10%) WP showed below 44% control. From the results of this study, spinosin insecticides, such as more than over 4 and 10% of spinetoram and spinosad, and pyrrole insecticide, such as 5% chlorfenapyr, are recommended for the effective control of F. occidentalis.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2019

In this study, the extraction of Conger myriaster oil by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) and organic solvent was investigated. The extraction conditions conducted for SC-CO₂ varied for pressure (25, 30 MPa) and temperature (45, 55 ℃), while the SC-CO₂ flow rate was kept constant during the experiment (27 g min^-1) and hexane was used as a conventional organic solvent. The extraction yield indicated that the best extraction condition would be SC-CO₂ at 55 ℃ and 30 MPa, resulting in the highest yield of 37.73 ± 0.14%. The oils were characterized for their fatty acid (FAs) composition using gas chromatography, while it was revealed that the major FAs were mystric acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, electroosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The oxidation stability of the extracted C. myriaster oil was evaluated by measuring the acid value, peroxide value, and free fatty acid. The best oxidative stability was obtained from SC-CO₂ extracted oil at 30 MPa and 55 ℃. There was a significant difference in the color properties of the SC-CO₂ and hexane extracted oils, with the SC-CO₂ extracted oil showing better chromaticity than the oil extracted using hexane. Extracting oils from C. myriaster with SC-CO₂ could bring better economic benefits than using organic solvents. When supercritical carbon dioxide was used, there was no post-treatment process; thus, it was confirmed that this is a more environmentally friendly oil extraction method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.673-679
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted to determine in situ rumen degradability of soybean meal (SM), fish meal (FM), sesame cake (SC) and Italian ryegrass hay (IRGH) and the effect of supplementing the above protein meals to IRGH on digestibility and balance of nutrients in three Saanen goats. For measuring the degradability, nylon bags containing each meal were incubated in the rumen of one fistulated dry cow for 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hrs. Degradability revealed that SM protein was highly degradable in the rumen (99.1%), while FM protein was less degradable (76.8%) with SC protein being intermediate (91.2%) at 48 hrs of incubation (p < 0.01). Degradation rate of the potentially degradable fraction was estimated to be 12.12, 5.88 and 5.88%/hr for SM, FM and SC, respectively. In the metabolism trial, all goats were offered daily 900 g IRGH and one of the supplements, SM (100 g), FM (75 g) or SC (100 g). Intake of DM, OM, CP and GE was similar among diets. However, digestibility of OM for SC diet was significantly lower than that for diets supplemented with FM and SM (p < 0.10). Nitrogen (N) excreted in faeces (p < 0.05) and in urine (p < 0.10) was, respectively, higher and lower for SC diet than that for the other two diets. The same tendency was observed in energy losses in faeces (p < 0.10) and in urine (p < 0.05). There was no difference in energy loss in methane or in heat production among diets. Consequently, no significant difference was observed in N retention (2.13, 0.42 and -0.11 g/day for FM, SC and SM diet, respectively) or in energy retention (-1.49, -2.14 and -2.70 MJ/day for FM, SM and SC diet, respectively). These results showed that protein supplements affected the digestion of diets based on grass hay with 7.45% CP in DM in goats, although there was no significant influence on N or energy retention.