• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국경영과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
• /
• pp.8-23
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop a Cross Impact System Alternatives Tree(CISAT) model necessary for selecting the interdependent R&D planning system alternatives. This model modifies System Alternatives Tree(SAT) model developed by Kwon et al.. The SAT model is composed of several functions necessary for the achievement of a final goal and several subsystems for satisfying each function. In case that the relationship of technology alternatives is interdependent, this model overlooked a relative importance derived from occurrence or nonoccurrence of the technology alternatives in the future time varience. However, a complex evaluation process within the ballot system is another disadvantage of the SAT. To solve such problems, the Cross Impact Analysis(CIA) model is applied in the SAT model so as to consider the cross impact among interdependent system alternatives.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보처리학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.1176-1179
• /
• 2012

To ensure the correctness of high performance satisfiability (SAT) solvers, several proof formats have been proposed. SAT solvers can report a formula being unsatisfiable with a proof, which can be independently verified by a trusted proof checker. Among the proof formats accepted at the SAT competition, the Reverse Unit Propagation (RUP) format is considered the most popular. However, the official proof checker was not efficient and failed to check many of the proofs at the competition. This inefficiency is one of the drawbacks of SAT proof checking. In this paper, I introduce a work-in-progress project, vercheck to implement an efficient RUP checker using modern SAT solving techniques. Even though my implementation is larger and more complex, the level of trust is preserved by statically verifying the correctness of the code. The vercheck program is written in GURU, a dependently typed functional programming language with a low-level resource management feature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.815-818
• /
• 2010

Free base meso-tetraarylporphyrins ($H_2T(X)PP$) react with tellurium(IV) chloride ($TeCl_4$) in mild conditions for formation sandwich intermediate sitting-atop (i-SAT) complexes, [$TeCl_4(H_2T(X)PP)_2$]. $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, UV-vis, FT-IR and elemental analysis were used for characterization of the products. In the proposed structure of the i-SAT complexes, four pyrroles of each porphyrin ring are tilted alternatively up and down and this appropriates suitable orientation of lone pairs of two pyrrolenine nitrogens for electron donation to a tellurium center. $^1H$ NMR and FT-IR results showed that in the produced complex, hydrogen atoms of porphyrin macrocycles remained on the pyrrole nitrogens.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2007

This study was designed to validate Spreading Activation Theory (SAT) for an evaluation methodology for menu structure through Eye-Tracking approach. When a visual search is on the way, more eye fixations and time are necessary to visually process complex and vague area. From the aspect of recognition, well-designed menu structures were hypothesized to have fewer numbers of fixations and shorter duration because well-designed menu structures reflecting the users' mental model would be well matched with the product's menu structure, resulting in reducing the number of fixations and duration time. The results show that the shorter reaction times for SAT had significantly fewer numbers of fixation and shorter duration time as the hypothesis for this study stated. In conclusion, SAT was proved to be an effective evaluation methodology for menu structure with the eye tracking equipment. In addition, using SAT instead of the real performance experiment would be useful for designing user-centered systems and convenient information structures because SAT was proven to be the theoretical background for design and evaluation of menu structures.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제30권8호
• /
• pp.1715-1718
• /
• 2009

A series of sitting-atop (SAT) complexes, [(ZrO)$H_2t(X)pp(NO_3)_2$], have been prepared via the reactions of free base meso-tetraarylporphyrins, $H_2$t(X)pp, with zirconyl nitrate hydrate, ZrO(N$O_3)_2{\cdot}xH_2$O. The products have been characterized by a variety of methods including $^1H\;NMR,\;^{13}C$ NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies, elemental analysis and conductance measurements. The data indicate that the meso-tetraarylporphyrins coordinate with two pyrrolenine nitrogen atoms to the zirconyl cation located above the distorted porphyrin plane and two protons remain on the pyrrole nitrogens. Such half sandwich-type sitting-atop complexes may be considered as models for the initial steps of the metallation of the macrocycles.

• 대기
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2020

We investigate regional differences in the characteristics of cold surges that occurred over the South Korea during winter season (December-February, 1981/1982~2017/2018). A significant regional contrast of cold surge characteristics exists and we found that this is closely related to the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of winter-mean climatological surface temperature in association with the complex topography of the Korean peninsula. For the regions of the temperature below -1℃ (Region1; R1), the frequency of cold surges is inversely proportional to the surface temperature almost linearly. In case of the regions above -1℃ (Region2; R2), cold surge frequency does not exhibit any clear dependency on the surface temperature. Duration and number of occurrences of cold surge between the two regions showed clear difference. Dynamical evolution of cold surges before the onset showed a sharp contrast between R1 and R2. In R1, cold surface air temperature (SAT) was already predominant over East-Asia before the onset and the cold temperature was sustained after the occurrence. On the contrary, warm SAT was predominant over East-Asia before the onset in R2. The SAT suddenly drops just after the cold surge occurrence. We present different origin of wave activity and propagation characteristics between the two types: Wave-activity flux (WAF) was relatively weaker and wave disturbances moved eastward in R1 along with the WAF mainly directing eastward. In case of R2, WAF was stronger and directing southeastward in the upstream of South Korea movement erasing predominant warmer air eventually causing sudden temperature drops over southern provinces over South Korea.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.110.1-110.1
• /
• 2014

The optics of Space telescope is one of the major parts of space mission used for imaging observation of astronomical targets and the Earth. These kinds of space mission have a bulky and complex opto-mechanics with a long optical tube, but there are attempts have been made to observe a target with a small satellite in many ways. In this paper, we describe an optical design of a reflecting telescope for use in a CubeSat mission. For this design, we adopt the off-axis segmented method of astronomical observation techniques based on the Ritchey-Chr$\acute{e}$tien type telescope. The primary mirror shape is a rectangle with dimensions of $8cm{\times}8cm$, and a secondary mirror has dimensions of $2.4cm{\times}4.1cm$. The focal ratio is 3 which can obtain a $0.3{\times}0.2$ degree diagonal angle in a $1280{\times}800$ CMOS color image sensor with a pixel size of $3{\mu}m{\times}3{\mu}m$. This optical design can capture a ${\sim}4km{\times}{\sim}2.3km$ area of the earth's surface at 700 km altitude operation. Based on this conceptual design, we will keep trying to study more for astronomical observation with Attitude control system.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.533-537
• /
• 2013

Space telescope optics is one of the major parts of any space mission used to observe astronomical targets or the Earth. This kind of space mission typically involves bulky and complex opto-mechanics with a long optical tube, but attempts have been made to observe a target with a small satellite. In this paper, we describe the optical design of a reflecting telescope for use in a CubeSat mission. For this design we adopt the off-axis segmented method for astronomical observation techniques based on a Ritchey-Chr$\acute{e}$tien type telescope. The primary mirror shape is a rectangle with dimensions of $8cm{\times}8cm$, and the secondary mirror has dimensions of $2.4cm{\times}4.1cm$. The focal ratio is 3 which can yield a 0.383 degree diagonal angle in a $1280{\times}800$ CMOS color image sensor with a pixel size of $3{\mu}m{\times}3{\mu}m$. This optical design can capture a ${\sim}4km{\times}{\sim}2.3km$ area of the earth's surface at 700 km altitude operation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 2009

다양한 물리화학적 특성을 지닌 12개의 유기오염물이 저표면적의 무기물 지반 수착제로 수착 시 12개의 유기오염물을 적은 수의 pseudocompound로 집략화하는 접근법(lumped approach)의 타당성과 정확성을 평가하였다. 집략화 접근법은 복잡한 혼합 유기오염물의 수착 거동을 근거로 통계적인 처리방법인 집략분석(cluster analysis)을 통해 개발되었다. 집략화 접근법을 이용해 수용액상에서 복잡한 혼합 유기오염물이 친수성 무기물로 수착 시 감소된 수의 집략화된 오염물(pseudocompound)과 집략화된 오염물의 수착 매개변수($K_f$, n)를 이용하여 복잡한 혼합 유기오염물의 수착을 설명할 수 있었다. 또한, 실험을 수행하지 않고(a priori) 복잡한 혼합 유기오염물 내 각 유기오염물의 특성(${\gamma_w}^{sat}$)을 근거로 pseudocompound를 예측할 수 있었다. 따라서 집략화 접근법은 복잡한 혼합 유기오염물의 수착거동을 단순화하여 반응관련 매개변수 산출에 필요한 시간과 비용을 감소시켜주고 통계적으로 정확성이 동일한 범위 내의 실용적인 수착 결과를 제공해 줄 수 있다. 향후 더 많은 반응 인자소결합크기, 수착제 내 반응 지점 수 및 반응성 그룹 등)를 고려한 다중회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 통해 집략화 접근법(lumped approach)의 정확도를 높일 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 2015

A newly designed Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) has been developed for the CubeSat mission, SIGMA (Scientific cubesat with Instruments for Global Magnetic field and rAdiation) to investigate space radiation. In order to test the performance of the TEPC, we have performed heavy ion beam experiments with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan. In space, human cells can be exposed to complex radiation sources, such as X-ray, Gamma ray, energetic electrons, protons, neutrons and heavy charged particles in a huge range of energies. These generate much a larger range of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) than on the ground and cause unexpected effects on human cells. In order to measure a large range of LET, from 0.3 to $1,000keV/{\mu}m$, we developed a compact TEPC which measures ionized particles produced by collisions between radiation sources and tissue equivalent materials in the detector. By measuring LET spectra, we can easily derive the equivalent dose from the complicated space radiation field. In this HIMAC experiment, we successfully obtained the linearity response for the TEPC with Fe 500 MeV/u and C 290 MeV/u beams and demonstrated the performance of the active radiation detector.