• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.576-583
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• 2018

Investigation of optimal temperature, irradiance and photoperiod conditions for free-living gametophytes of Saccharina sculpera for natural resources conservation and mass cultivation of endangered species in the eastern coast of Korea. Induction of regeneration and maturation of the free-living gametophytes of S. sculpera were cultured at temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$), irradiance (10, 20, 40, 60 and $80{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and photoperiods (14:10, 12:12 and 10:14 h L:D). The female gametophyte were actively regenerated without reaching sexual maturity under $10^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and 12:12 h (L:D) conditions. In contrast, the conditions for male gametophytes were slightly different at $15^{\circ}C$, $10{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and 12:12 h (L:D). The sexual maturation of female and male gametophytes took place under $15^{\circ}C$, $40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 14:10 h (L:D) and $10^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10:14 h (L:D), respectively. These results provide basic information for controlling the regeneration and maturation of free-living gametophytes for conservation and utilization of S. sculpera.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.342-348
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to compare the change of S. Enteritidis with S. Typhimurium populations in liquid egg products. S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium was inoculated into egg white and egg yolk and stored at 8, 10, 15, 25, and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. In egg white, no growth of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium was observed at 8, 10, 15, and $35^{\circ}C$, while both S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in egg white stored grew more than 1 log CFU/ml after 50 hours storage at $25^{\circ}C$. In egg yolk, there was no growth of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium at $8^{\circ}C$ but growth of both strains was observed at 10, 15, 25, and $35^{\circ}C$. Since growth of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium was only observed in egg yolk, primary growth models for both strains were developed using modified Gompertz equation and then secondary models for lag time (LT), specific growth rate (SGR), and maximum population density (MPD) were developed as a function of temperature. At all temperatures, more rapid growth of S. Enteritidis than S. Typhimurium was observed in egg yolk, indicating the greater risk of S. Enteritidis than S. Typhimurium in egg products. In conclusion, the results indicate that temperature control less than $8^{\circ}C$ is very important to ensure safety of liquid egg products, especially liquid egg yolk.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.241-257
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• 2013

An automorphism group of a graph is said to be $s$-regular if it acts regularly on the set of $s$-arcs in the graph. A graph is $s$-regular if its full automorphism group is $s$-regular. In the present paper, all $s$-regular cubic graphs of order $10p^3$ are classified for each $s{\geq}1$ and each prime $p$.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2010

We introduce and investigate the concepts of ($T_i,T_j$)-fuzzy $\beta$-(r, s)-open sets, ($T_i,T_j$)-fuzzy $\beta$-(r, s)-closed sets and fuzzy pairwise $\beta$-(r, s)-continuous mappings in smooth bitopological spaces.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2012

Soil amendments have been used to improve the physical and chemical condition of turf soil, which might optimize turfgrass growth in golf courses. This study was to investigate the effect of inorganic soil amendment (ZC) established in USGA root zone system on growth of creeping bentgrass, cv. 'Penncross' carried out from May to Dec. in 2005 at the nursery on Sinwon Golf Course. To analyze the effects of inorganic soil amendment on pH, specific gravity, infiltration rate, water content, soil hardness, root length, tiller density and dry weight were measured. pH was 6.7-6.8, specific gravity of sand (S) 100% was 1.48 heavier than the other treatments (1.28-1.38). Infiltration rate with ZC 15% + peat moss (P) 5% + S 80% and ZC 10% + S 90% was faster than S 100%. Soil hardness of S 100% was the highest. Root length of creeping bentgrass of P 10% + S 90% (8.6-12.0 cm) was the longest. Tiller density with P 5% + S 95% was more 4-7 ea than other treatments in summer season. In growing season, however, ZC 10% + P 5% + S 85% was more 2-3 ea than others. Dry weight of creeping bentgrass treated by ZC 10% + P 5% + S 85% in summer season and P 5% + S 95% in growing season were heavier than other treatments. It is recommended to combine 5-15% inorganic soil amendment and peat moss 5% with sand in order to sustain soil balance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.576-587
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• 2015

This paper presents a quantitative evaluation of water permeability in concrete with cold joint considering mineral admixture and loading conditions. Concrete samples with OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) and GGBFS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) are prepared considering 0.6 of W/C ratio and 40% of replacement. 30% and 60% loading levels for compression and 60% loading level for tension are induced to concrete samples. In compression conditions, the permeability in control case shows $2.41{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ in OPC concrete, and it changes to $2.07{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (30% of peak) and $2.36{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (60% of peak). The results in GGBFS concrete shows the same trend, which yields $2.17{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (control), $1.65{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (30% of peak), and $1.96{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (60% of peak), respectively. In tensile conditions, the permeability increases from $2.37{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (control) to $2.67{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (60% of peak) while that in GGBFS concrete increases from $2.17{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (control) to $2.24{\times}10^{-11}m/s$ (60% of peak). Permeability coefficients decreases in 30% of compressive level but increases in 60% level, while results in tensile level increases rapidly. This shows pore structure in concrete is condensed and with loading and permeability increases due to micro-cracking. Permeability evaluation considering the effects of loading conditions, cold joint, and GGBFS is verified to be important since water permeability greatly changes due to their effects.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 1986

To improve the starch fermentation ability of yeast, hybrids were introduced by protoplast fusion of S. cerevisiae and S. diastaticus. The protoplasts of parental auxotrophic cells were fused in the presence of 10 mM CaCl$_2$and 30% of polyethyleneglycol (M.W 4, 000). The frequencies of fusant formation varied depending upon the strains used and were 3.51$\times$10$^{-4}$ to 5.04$\times$10$^{-4}$ for the regenerated protoplasts. The strains capable of extensive starch hydrolysis produce only 10% to total fusants. The 4 strains were finally selected by the results of starch fermentation and genetic stability test. The DNA content and cell volume of the fusants were greater than those of the parental strains.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.2333-2339
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• 2011

In the field of maritime transport, various researches on next generation of standards are underway to realize e-navigation. While IHO leading the way, many studies on several S-100 based standards for exchange, sharing and utilizing maritime geographical information and related data are going on. IHO S-100 as a profile of ISO 19100 series of standards. Based on their application and service they provide, there can be different S-10x standards. In order to support the safe operation, various information should be integrated. When integrating a various information, it is crucial to make sure the same data model should be treated consistently and interpreted clearly across different profiles, such as S-101, S-102, etc. in this case. In this paper, I suggested a way to covert maritime metadata of S-100 to ontology so that we can perform consistent semantic analysis and processing of data in S-100 standards, which is the basis of other S-10x standards.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.215-218
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• 1984

A series of S-(2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteine derivatives (10a-e) were synthesized from the reaction of $\beta$$\beta$-diethoxycarbonylstyrene with L-cysteine in 1:1 aqueous methanol. Thus, S-(2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteine( 10a), S-[2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-1-(3',4'-methylendioxy)ph enylethyl]-L-cysteine (10b), S-[2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy)phe nylethyl]-L-cyseine (10c), S-[2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-1-(p-hydroxy)phenylethyl] -L-cysteine (10d), S-[2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-1-(p-methoxy)phenylethyl] -L-cysteine (10e) were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The structure of the adducts was characterized by analytical and spectral data. The effects of pH upon the product yields were also briefly examined.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2011

Unsaturated soil column tests were performed for weathered gneiss soil and weathered granite soil to assess the relationship between infiltration velocity and rainfall condition for different rainfall durations and for multiple rainfall events separated by dry periods of various lengths (herein, 'rainfall break duration'). The volumetric water content was measured using TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) sensors at regular time intervals. For the column tests, rainfall intensity was 20 mm/h and we varied the rainfall duration and rainfall break duration. The unit weight of weathered gneiss soil was designed 1.21 $g/cm^3$, which is lower than the in situ unit weight without overflow in the column. The in situ unit weight for weathered granite soil was designed 1.35 $g/cm^3$. The initial infiltration velocity of precipitation for the two weathered soils under total amount of rainfall as much as 200 mm conditions was $2.090{\times}10^{-3}$ to $2.854{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s and $1.692{\times}10^{-3}$ to $2.012{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s, respectively. These rates are higher than the repeated-infiltration velocities of precipitation under total amount of rainfall as much as 100 mm conditions ($1.309{\times}10^{-3}$ to $1.871{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s and $1.175{\times}10^{-3}$ to $1.581{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s, respectively), because the amount of precipitation under 200 mm conditions is more than that under 100 mm conditions. The repeated-infiltration velocities of weathered gneiss soil and weathered granite soil were $1.309{\times}10^{-3}$ to $2.854{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s and $1.175{\times}10^{-3}$ to $2.012{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s, respectively, being higher than the first-infiltration velocities ($1.307{\times}10^{-2}$ to $1.718{\times}10^{-2}$ cm/s and $1.789{\times}10^{-2}$ to $2.070{\times}10^{-2}$ cm/s, respectively). The results reflect the effect of reduced matric suction due to a reduction in the amount of air in the soil.