• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

This study evaluates the effects of cultured wild ginseng root (0.05%, 0.1% v/w) and xylitol in kimchi. The fermented characteristics of kimchi were investigated during 28 days of fermentation at $4^{\circ}C$. The pH value in the sample with the cultured wild ginseng root was higher than that of control group. The total acidity in the sugar groups (SG groups) was higher than that of xylitol groups (XG groups). Comparing total bacterial count, XG groups were lower than SG groups, regardless of the additional ratio of the cultured wild ginseng root. Reducing sugar of XG groups decreased more slowly than SG groups for seven days; glucose and fructose of XG groups were lower than the control group. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in groups with cultured wild ginseng root than in control. In the result of sensory evaluation, XG groups were more preferred than other groups. In conclusion, our results indicate that cultured wild-ginseng root and xylitol have a positive effect on the quality of kimchi, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant functions.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.392-396
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• 2003

Maysin, a C-glycosylflavone, was isolated from the silks of maize, Zea mays L. The ESI mass spectrum indicates that molecular weight of maysin is $577\textrm{M}^+$m/z, and the ether-linked sugar is rhamnose, $431\textrm{M}^+$m/z (MW$^{+}$-146). The DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of maysin was higher than that of rutin. However, as compared with its aglycon luteolin, maysin showed the relatively moderate DPPH scavenging activity mainly due to the glycosylation of two sugars moieties, keto-fucose and rhamnose. In the in vitro cytotoxicity test against the five human tumor cell lines such as lung (A549), ovarian (SK-OV-3), melanoma (SK-MEL-2), central nerve system (XF-489), and colon (HCT-15), maysin exhibited the relatively weaker activities than cisplatin. The $\textrm{ED}_{50}$ values of maysin were 62.24, 43.18, 16.83, 37.22, and 32.09/$m\ell$, respectively. Result suggests that maysin is a potential cytotoxicity compound, particularly for human colon, central nerve system, and melanoma tumors.s.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical properties of safflower seeds cultivated at some areas in Korea. Safflower was used as one of the functional foods and medicinal plants for many centuries. Porximate compositions of safflower seeds were moisture, 4.8~8.1%, crude protein 16.5~19.5%, crude ash 2.7~3.3%, curde fiber 38.5~43.4%, and crude fat 16.6~24.4%, respectively. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine were the major amino acids and their contents were 2,587.4~3,143.5 mg%, 1,315.8~1,654.8 mg%, and 1,171.9~1,484.2 mg%. K, P, Ca, and Mg were major minerals and their contents were 611.6~886.3 mg%, 501.5~596.7 mg%, 208.5~641.2 mg%, and 530.6~639.5 mg%, respectively. The free sugars that were identified include raffinose, sucrose, glucose, fructose. ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content was 0.14~3.82 mg%. Contents of vitamin C was 0.43~3.39 mg%. The safflower seeds fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linoleic acid. The major fatty acid was linoleic acid it's content was 74.8~82.9%.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.403-415
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• 2018

The aims of this novel work were to determine the microbial strains and exopolysaccharide (EPS) producers in water kefir from Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Thirty-three microbial strains were identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis consisting of 18 bacterial strains, as 9 strains of acetic acid bacteria (AAB), 9 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and 15 yeast strains. All bacteria were able to produce EPS with a diverse appearance on agar media containing different sugars at a concentration of 8%. Culture supernatants from AAB and LAB showed 31-64% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity with the highest antioxidant activity of 64% from Acetobacter pasteurianus WS3 and WS6. Crude EPS from A. pasteurianus WS3 displayed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power at 280 mM $FeSO_4/g$ EPS, greatest anti-tyrosinase activity at 20.35%, and highest EPS production of 1,505 mg EPS/L from 8% sucrose. These microbes offer beneficial health implications and their EPSs can be used as food additives and cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2019

We investigated the mortality and the oxidative damages of Deschampsia antarctica in response to waterlogging stress. In field, we compared the changes in the density of D. antarctica tuft at the two different sites over 3 years. The soil water content at site 2 was 6-fold higher than that of site 1, and the density of D. antarctica tuft decreased significantly by 55.4% at site 2 for 3 years, but there was no significant change at site 1. Experimental results in growth chamber showed that the $H_2O_2$ and malondialdehyde content increased under root-flooding treatment (hypoxic conditions-deficiency of $O_2$), but any significant change was not perceptible under the shoot-flooding treatment (anoxic condition-absence of $O_2$). However, total chlorophyll, soluble sugar, protein content, and phenolic compound decreased under the shoot-flooding treatment. In addition, the catalase activity increased significantly on the 1st day of flooding. These results indicate that hypoxic conditions may lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and anoxic conditions can deplete primary metabolites such as sugars and protein in the leaf tissues of D. antarctica. Under present warming trend in Antarctic Peninsula, D. antarctica tuft growing near the shoreline might more frequently experience flooding due to glacier melting and inundation of seawater, which can enhance the risk of this plant mortality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2023

Microbial biofilms are resilient, immune-evasive, often antibiotic-resistant health challenges, and increasingly the target for research into novel therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the effects of a nutraceutical enzyme and botanical blend (NEBB) on established biofilm. Five microbial strains with known implications in chronic human illnesses were tested: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans (coagulase-negative, penicillin-resistant), Borrelia burgdorferi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains were allowed to form biofilm in vitro. Biofilm cultures were treated with NEBB containing enzymes targeted at lipids, proteins, and sugars, also containing the mucolytic compound N-acetyl cysteine, along with antimicrobial extracts from cranberry, berberine, rosemary, and peppermint. The post-treatment biofilm mass was evaluated by crystal-violet staining, and metabolic activity was measured using the MTT assay. Average biofilm mass and metabolic activity for NEBB-treated biofilms were compared to the average of untreated control cultures. Treatment of established biofilm with NEBB resulted in biofilm-disruption, involving significant reductions in biofilm mass and metabolic activity for Candida and both Staphylococcus species. For B. burgdorferi, we observed reduced biofilm mass, but the remaining residual biofilm showed a mild increase in metabolic activity, suggesting a shift from metabolically quiescent, treatment-resistant persister forms of B. burgdorferi to a more active form, potentially more recognizable by the host immune system. For P. aeruginosa, low doses of NEBB significantly reduced biofilm mass and metabolic activity while higher doses of NEBB increased biofilm mass and metabolic activity. The results suggest that targeted nutraceutical support may help disrupt biofilm communities, offering new facets for integrative combinational treatment strategies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1329-1336
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• 2023

Microbial fermentation is often used to improve the functionality of plant-based food materials. Herein, we investigated changes in the physicochemical and functional properties of cabbage during yeast fermentation to develop new products using fermented cabbage. Among the 8 types of food-grade yeast, both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii fermented 10% cabbage powder solution (w/w) the most effectively, leaving no soluble sugars after 12 h of fermentation. In addition, the yeast fermentation of cabbage resulted in functionally positive outcomes in terms of sulforaphane content, antioxidant properties, and anti-inflammatory activity. Specifically, the yeast-fermented cabbages contained about 500% more sulforaphane. The soluble fraction (5 ㎍/ml) of yeast-fermented cabbage had no cytotoxicity in murine RAW 264.7 cells, and the radical-scavenging capacity was equivalent to 1 ㎍/ml of ascorbic acid. Moreover, cabbage fermented with S. boulardii significantly suppressed both lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production and LPS-induced reactive oxygen species production in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect. These results support the idea that yeast fermentation is promising for developing functionally improved cabbage products.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2024

Objective: A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of barley and co-products from barley, corn, and wheat produced in South-East Asia or Australia, and to test the hypothesis that production area or production methods can impact the chemical composition of wheat co-products. Methods: Samples included seven barley grains, two malt barley rootlets, one corn gluten feed, one corn gluten meal, one corn bran, eight wheat brans, one wheat mill mix, and four wheat pollards. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid hydrolyzed ether extract, ash, minerals, starch, and insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber. Malt barley rootlets and wheat co-products were also analyzed for sugars. Results: Chemical composition of barley, malt barley rootlets, and corn co-products were in general similar across countries. Wheat pollard had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of tryptophan, magnesium, and potassium compared with wheat bran, whereas wheat bran had greater (p<0.05) concentration of copper than wheat pollard. There were no differences in chemical composition between wheat bran produced in Australia and wheat bran produced in Thailand. Conclusion: Intact barley contains more starch, but fewer AA, than grain co-products. There were only few differences in the composition of wheat bran and wheat pollard, indicating that the two ingredients are similar, but with different names. However, corn gluten meal contains more protein and less fiber than corn bran.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2006

본 실험에 사용하였던 미숙성 오미자의 일반성분은 수분 $79.6{\pm}0.8%$, 조단백질 $1.7{\pm}0.5%$, 조지방 $1.2{\pm}0.1%$, 회분 $0.6{\pm}0.0%$이었다. 후숙기간 동안 착즙수율은 $4^{\circ}C$에서는 $55.3{\pm}0.6-56.3{\pm}0.6%$로서 큰 변화가 없었고, $25^{\circ}C$와 실온에서는 6-7% 정도 감소하였다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 $25^{\circ}C$와 실온 저장시 6일째 $12.2{\pm}0.15%$로서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 그 이후에는 약간 감소하였다. pH는 $4^{\circ}C$와 실온 저장시 후숙기간 동안 pH 2.76-2.81로서 큰 변화가 없었으며, $25^{\circ}C$ 저장시 초기 pH $2.81{\pm}0.02$에서 점차 낮아져 저장 8일째 pH $2.68{\pm}0.03$을 나타내었다. 적정산도는 $25^{\circ}C$와 실온 저장시 저장 6일째 각각 $7.49{\pm}0.03%$ 및 $7.20{\pm}0.03%$로서 가장 높게 나타났으며 그 이후 감소하였다. 색도의 변화는 $25^{\circ}C$와 실온 저장시 a값(적색도)은 초기 5.04에서 8일째 각각 6.77 및 7.65로 증가하였으며, L값(명도)은 후숙기간 동안 모든 처리구에서 증가하였다 유리당은 fructose(0.55%), glucose(0.56%), sucrose(0.50%)가 주로 검출되었으며, 후숙이 진행되면서 fructose와 glucose 함량은 증가하였고, sucrose 함량은 감소하였다. 총 유리당의 함량은 $25^{\circ}C$와 실은 저장시 초기 1.61%에서 저장 6일째까지 각각 2.53%와 2.13%로 증가하였고, 후숙 8일째에는 각각 1.94%와 2.08%로 감소하였다. 유기산은 후숙 초기에 citric acid, malic acid 및 succinic acid의 함량이 각각 0.17, 0.07 및 1.21%로서 succinic acid의 함량이 가장 많았고, 후숙기간 중 변화는 유리당의 경우와 비슷하였다. 오미자의 후숙을 위해서는 가용성 고형분 함량과 총 유리당 함량을 기준으로 할 때 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 경우 8일동안, 그리고 $25^{\circ}C$ 및 실온에서 저장하는 경우 6일 동안 후숙시키는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.849-856
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• 2017

본 연구는 까마중 열매의 수확시기에 따른 성분변화, 항산화효과 및 항염증 효과를 분석하여 최적 수확시기를 구명하였다. 까마중 열매의 유리당은 4가지가 검출되었으며, 유리당 중 fructose는 대체적으로 수확시기가 늦어짐에 따라 증가하였다. 까마중 열매의 주요 유기산은 malic acid와 acetic acid로 나타났으며, 총 유기산 함량은 10월 18일과 10월 25일에 수확한 까마중 열매들에서 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 10월 18일에 수확한 까마중 열매, 10월 11일에 수확한 까마중 열매 및 10월 25일에 수확한 까마중열매 순으로 높게 나타났다. 수확시기별 까마중 ethanol 추출물들의 항산화효과와 항염증효과 검정을 위하여 DPPH radical scavenging assay와 ABTS radical scavenging assay를 수행하였으며, 항염증 효과 측정을 위하여 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)로 염증을 유발시킨 RAW 264.7 cells을 NO 저해실험에 사용하였다. 항산화 효과와 항염증 효과는 10월 18일에 수확한 까마중 열매 ethanol 추출물에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 10월 18일에 수확한 까마중 열매는 총 폴리페놀 함량, 항산화 효과 및 항염증 효과가 우수하였다. 까마중 열매의 수확시기에 따른 성분분석 및 생리활성 실험 결과, 까마중 열매의 최적 수확시기는 성숙 중기인 10월 18일과 10월 11일로 밝혀졌다.