• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2007

A study on the relation between some husbandry practices and brucellosis in goats in Bangladesh was conducted at selected areas of Mymensingh and Dhaka district, Bangladesh, from March 2005 to May 2006. Sera from 300 goats were tested by Rose bengal test (RBT), plate agglutination test (PAT), tube agglutination test (TAT) and mercaptoethanol test (MET). Out of the 300 goats, 1.670% (n=5) were positive to RBT and PAT respectively, and 2.0% (n=6) were positive to TAT and 2.33% (n=7) were positive to MET. The prevalence of brucellosis was bigger in goats reared collectively (n=2, 4%) than reared individually (n=5, 2%), and bigger in goats housed with concrete floor (n=2, 4%) than that of bare floor (n=5, 2%). The rate of brucellosis was higher in goats keep separately (n=6, 2.61%) than that of kept with other animals (n=1, 1.43%) especially with cattle. Out of 290 goats from free grazing, 7 were positive but no positive reactor(n=10) was found in non grazing goats. In conclusion, however, seroprevalence of brucellosis had no statistically significant association with rearing type, housing type and grazing or not.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2008

This study investigates the different characteristics (mainly of community life) in representative intentional communities, between the ecovillage and cohousing, since the different purpose of the establishment of the community might result different characteristics. The study method is data analysis: the analysis material is Community Directory, A Comprehensive Guide to Intentional Communities and Cooperative Living (Rutledge, 2005). Of 750 listed communities, 397 (211 ecovillages and 186 cohousings) communities were analyzed. The findings of the study reveal that there are clear differences of community life between ecovillages and cohousings even though two communities are regarded as similar intentional communities. The similarities between the two communities are as follows: 1) Those mostly distributed in the USA, and established before 2000. 2) Dominant size of intentional communities is less than 20 residents and 20 houses. 3) They make decisions in consensus. 4) They eat together very frequently; at least once a week or more. 5) Shared work is required. The differences between the two communities are as follows: 1) They have different aims of establishment. For instance, ecovillage focus more on eco-living, while cohousing focuses more on the cohousing idea. 2) There are more female residents in cohousings than in ecovillages. 3) There are more cohousings in urban areas with a smaller area of land, contrary to that there are more ecovillages in rural areas with larger areas of land. 4) There are less identified leaders or leadership core groups in cohousing than in ecovillages. 5) Income sharing is more common in ecovillages than in cohousings. According to there findings, it is evident that a different purpose of establishment result in different characteristics of community life even though those belong to the similar category of the intentional community. Thus, it is recommended to adapt the correct characteristics that fit the aim of the community in the establishment an intentional community Topics and discussions about establishing intentional Topics and discussions abut establishing intentional communities could contribute to gather the intentional communities could contribute to gather the interests communities could contribute to gather the interests of residents as well as those of relevant civil-workers and administrators in Korea.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2008

A new movement in forming community villages for better living standards is becoming popular. In order to sustain a proper community, it is essential to design proper community programs and facilities, which can encourage the proactive participation of residents. In this study, detailed aspects of the Mindlre (Dandelion) community (including formation process and management of the village) are investigated. The Mindlre community is a successful community village in Korea concerned with residents' participation and community activities. The community is located in Sancheong, Gyungsangnamdo province in Korea. The study methods are references, field trips, and interviews with residents. Six areas were surveyed and investigated: the physical environment of the Mindlre community and eco-friendly elements, respondents' background and the motivation to join, residents composition, residents' participation in the formation process of the community, self-management systems and common activities, and residents's life satisfaction. The mindlre Community was founded on Christian religions faith. The primary idea of this village was building a new hope for rural areas without discrimination. The size of the village was expanded with housing for teachers and students who were linked with the Mindlre School (substitution school). When the community was founded, existing shapes of the village were preserved. The village was physically renovated based on the original environment, in addition nature friendly materials and methods were used. The residents were proactively involved in the community through regular meetings, self-regulation, and community worship. Although the survey results should that most residents were highly satisfied with living standards, there seemed to be no clear division between community facilities and private houses. A systematic and detailed space planning technique was required. In addition, various community facilities are required due to the expansion of the community.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-117
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of anxiety about economic change in middle-aged and elderly people and to analyze the factors that influence this anxiety. The data, derived from Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) were collected from Survey Research Center of Sung Kyun Kwan University. The samples included 821 people over the age of 40, including 529 middle-aged people who were from 40 to 59, and elderly people who were over 60. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the research model. The findings from the analysis showed that age and subjective economic status had crucial effects on the entire group's anxiety about unemployment and poverty, housing prices, financial markets, and economic recession in the older life. For the middle-aged group, age in particular had crucial effects on all the components of its anxiety about economic change. For the elderly group, geographical region was the most critical factor that affected its anxiety about economic change, the elderly people who were living in metropolitan area and towns had more anxiety than those who were living in rural areas. In particular, region was the only factor that affected the elderly group's anxiety about financial markets, and economic recession. These results showed that specific age of middle-aged and elderly people had the crucial effects while their sex, educational level, and the employment status of their spouse had no effects on their anxiety about economic change. Objective economic indices such as their earned-income and other income including savings and pensions had no effects on their anxiety level. While as noted above subjective economic indices such as their standard of living compared with their parents, projected economic status, and level of socio-economic success had an effect on anxiety about economic change.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.125-145
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to examine low-income households' financial statuses and the socio-economic characteristics of single-person and non-single person households according to the financial indexes used for evaluating financial security and growth status developed based on financial ratios. Using 2009 KLIPS(Korean Labor & Income Panel Survey) data collected by the Korean Labor Institute, the satisfaction levels from the indexes were analyzed and compared between the two household types. The results showed that 46.0% of single-person households were not satisfactory in terms of all financial growth indexes but were partially satisfactory in terms of all financial security indexes. These householders tended to be females and in the their 70s, who lived in Seoul or in a suburb of Seoul, Korea. They reported problems with a lack of financial growth possibilities. 47.0% of non-single person households were not satisfactory in terms of all financial growth indexes but were partially satisfactory in terms of all financial security indexes. These householders tended to be males in their 60s and 70s with no job who were living in Seoul or in a suburb of Seoul, Korea. They reported having low level of liquidity and high level of debt redemption. 42.6% of single-person households were not satisfactory in terms of both financial security and growth indexes partially. These householders tended to be females in their 20s or 70s who were living in rural areas. They reported problems related to an adverse balance between household income and expenditures and a large scale of debt. 43.1% of non-single households were not satisfactory in terms of both financial security and growth indexes partially. These householders tended to be males in their 60s or 70s and homeowners. They reported problem related to an adverse balance of household income and expenditures and high a level of housing expenditures and liquidity. The research findings have implication for policy makers considering financial support programs and welfare programs for low-income householders, considering the recent changes in households structures.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 2015

This research aims to study agricultural dwelling welfare's application plan according to empty house reality condition. Study's subject was empty houses in Yeongwol-gul in year 2013. Data analysis was concentrated on measuring questionnaires and SPSSWIN 16.0 was used for statistics of frequency analysis and average analysis. As a result, first, empty house's background occurrence and environment was investigated. Second, due to dead mine and rural exodus, there was increase in the number of empty houses, which damaged regional scenary. Furthermore, the region became a crime-ridden district, which is a social issue. Third, it was found that plans as empty house remodeling, policy support, various alternatives, systematic management, housing welfare, and continuous promotion were needed. This research will provide implications in solving social issues due to empty houses, and through application plan, there will be improvement in agricultural dwelling welfare and income increase. There also will be improvement in environment, and policy source for inducing city people and original residents to empty houses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.579-586
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• 2019

The object of this study are 32 floor plans types of "Standard Korea Traditional-Houses Design=SKTHD.". The purpose of the research was to enhance the satisfaction level of users by comparing and analyzing the characteristics of the SKTHD. Research decision : 1. It tried to accommodate modern life by including space elements of modern housing, such as the 'entrance space', in the SKTHD. 2. The SKTHD. also favored the southern layout of living rooms and entrance spaces. 3.The number of bedrooms was generally planned to be two to three and it was judged that more various space and bedroom were needed to hold various functions of rural areas. 4. It has been analyzed that the depth of space is deeper to enter the entrance space(E)' than to enter from Thet-maru(TM). And as the depth of space in the Master bedroom is related to personal privacy, it is needed that the depth of space should be sufficiently.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2019

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of communicable diseases at household level and associated risk factors among urban slum residents of Rupandehi district of Nepal. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 259 purposively selected households in the urban slum of Butwal sub-metropolitan city, Rupandehi, Nepal between 25 November and 7 December, 2018. Prevalence of communicable diseases in the households within past one year were reported followed by assessment of risk factors associated with prevalence of communicable diseases using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The study result revealed that out of 259 study participants, more than two third (71.8%) reported to have at least any one of the communicable diseases in the household within past one year, and most common (91.9 %) reported to have cold and cough and diarrheal diseases. Final multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that study participants who did not have appropriate lightening in their houses were more likely (aOR 2.75; 95% CI (1.356-5.586)) to have communicable diseases. This study recommends understanding of the existing prevalence of communicable diseases and risk associated with it while designing health promotion activities and appropriate urban planning in Nepal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2019

Recently, rural housing in urban areas has been increasing due to the improvement of income level. With the increase of the construction of the power house, the installation of the heating system using the harmonious fuel for the purpose of heating and the beauty of the room is increasing rapidly. In addition to the increasing use of firewood heating equipment, the incidence of fire is also increasing. Analysis of the National Fire Data System of the Fire Department The result of the analysis of the National Fire Data System Many parts of the fire are incinerated by the accumulation of tar due to the incompleteness of periodic cleaning inside the cylinder. The distance between the fire extinguisher and the combustible materials such as ceiling, Resulting in fire. In addition, it was found that much of the fire of the firewood heating system in the time zone occurs during the sleeping and resting time and there is not enough time for the residents to cope. This, in turn, causes serious harm to the lives and property of the users of the pyrotechnic heating system. Therefore, in this study, domestic and foreign standards and laws related to fuel oil heating facilities were analyzed and 12 cases of fire accidents were analyzed. Through the revision of the fire prevention and firefighting facilities installation and maintenance law, the installation standards of the alarm and fire extinguishing facilities were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.68-92
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• 1995

Recentry the structure of the retail trade have been chanaed with its environmantal changes. Some studies may be necessary on the changing process of environment and fundamental structure analyses of the retail trade. This study analyzes the location of retail trades, inhabitants' behavior in retail tredes and their desirable utilization scheme of them in Kwangju-si. Some study methods, contents and coming-out results are as follows: 1. Retail trades can be classified into independent stores, chain-stores (supermarket, voluntary chain and frenchiise system and convenience store), department stores, cooperative associations, traditional, markets mail-order marketing, automatic vending and others by service levels, selling-items, prices, managements, methods of retailing and store or nonstore type. 2. In Kwangju, the environment of retail trades is related to the consumers of population structure: chanes in consumers pattern, trends toward agings and nuclear family, increase of leisur: time and female advances to society. Rapid structural shift in retail trade has also been occurred due to these social changes. Traditionl and premodern markets until 1970s altere to supermarkets or department stores in 1980s, and various types, large enterprises and foreign capitals came into being in 1990s. 3. The locational characteristics of retail trades are resulted from the spatial analysis of the total population distribution, and from the calculation of segregation index in the light of potential demand. The densely-populated areas occurs in newly-built apartment housing complex which is distributed with a ring-shaped pattern around the old urban core. The numbers and rates of the aged over sixty in Kwangsan-gu and the circumference area of Mt.Moodeung, are larger and higher where rural elements are remarkable. A relation between population distribution and retail trade are analysed by the index of population per shop. The index of the population number per shop is lower in urban center, as a whole, being more convenient for consumers. In newly-formed apartment complex areas, on the other, the index more than 1,000 per shop, meeting not the demands for consumers. Because both the younger and the aged are numerous in these areas, the retail trade pattern pertinent to both are needed. Urban fringes including Kwangsan-gu and the vicinity of Mt.Moodeung have some problems owing to the most of population number per shop (more than 1, 500) and the most extensive as well. 4. The regional characteristic of retail trade is analyzed through the location quotient of shops by locational patterns and centerality index. Chungkum-dong is the highest-order central place in CBD. It is the core of retail trades, which has higher-ordered specialty store including three big department stores, supermarkets and large stores. Taegum-dong, Chungsu-dong, Taeui-dong, and Numun-dong that are neiahbored to Chungkum-dong fall on the second group. They have a central commercial section where large chain stores, specialty shopping streets, narrow-line retailing shops (furniture, amusement service, and gallary), supermarkets and daily markets are located. The third group is formed on the axis of state roads linking to Naju-kun, Changseong-kun, Tamyang-kun, Hwasun-kun and forme-Songjeong-eup. It is related to newly, rising apartment housing complex along a trunk road, and characterized by markets and specialty stores. The fourth group has neibourhood-shopping centers including older residential area and Songjeong-eup area with independent stores and supermarkets as main retailing functions. The last group contains inner residential area and outer part of a city including Songjeong-eup. Outer part of miscellaneous shops being occasionally found is rural rather than urban (Fig. 7). 5. The residents' behaviors using retail trade are analyzed by factors of goods and facilities. Department stores are very high level in preference for higher-order shopping-goods such as clothes for full dress in view of both diversity and quality of goods(28.9%). But they have severe traffic congestions, and high competitions for market ranges caused by their sma . 64.0% of respondents make combined purpose trips together with banking and shopping. 6. For more efficiency of retail-trading, it is necessary to induce spatial distribution policy with regard to opportunity frequency of goods selection by central place, frontier regions and age groups. Also we must consider to analyze competition among different types of retail trade and analyze the consumption behaviors of working females and younger-aged groups, in aspects of time and space. Service improvement and the rationalization of management should be accomplished in such as cooperative location (situation) must be under consideration in relations to other functions such as finance, leisure & sports, and culture centers. Various service systems such as installment, credit card and peremium ticket, new used by enterprises, must also be carried service improvement. The rationalization and professionalization in for the commercial goods are bsically requested.