• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.593-600
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• 2019

We identified how plants affected by the human behavior of crushing plants respond and what kind of plants responded sensitively. We investigated Lactuca sativa "Gaesebadak", Syneilesis palmata and Peucedanum japonicum as plants that humans use for edible purposes, and Achyranthes japonica and Bidens bipinnata as wild plants that stick to people's clothes and disperse seed. Plants exposed to human breathing air were compared with those exposed to human breathing air after being crushed. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a chemical word, was measured using Syft/MS, which detects real-time VOC, and related genes were analyzed. The amount of MeJA of Syneilesis palmata and Peucedanum japonicum as edible plants was greater than that of non-edible plants that disperse seeds using humans. The amount of MeJA ranged from 0.20 ppb to 0.35 ppb when the control group were not exposed to human breathing air. On the other hand, MeJA decreased after increasing for the first hour in human breathing air. Also, MeJA affected by human breathing after crushing plants was higher than that affected by just human breathing air. Peucedanum japonicum showed the most distinctive difference between the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants and the treatment with just human breathing. In addition, the gene activity of JAR1 and JMT increased 3 hours after the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants. Therefore, in the treatment with human breathing after crushing plants, the concentration of MeJA and the activity of related genes showed the same tendency to increase. As a result, the plant that responded sensitively to human behavior was Peucedanum japonicum. Plants released MeJA as a chemical word in the treatment with human breathing air after crushing plants.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of middle school students' recognition of food and nutrition part in Home Economics by gender, school location and school type. The study was carried out through questionnaire about three category: perception (interests, practical usefulness, attitude change in food behavior), difficulty (nutrition and health in adolescence, balanced diet, principle of cooking and preparing food), necessity (nutrition and health in adolescence, balanced diet, principle of cooking and preparing food). The subjects were 1014 middle school students of 1st grade in Jeonbuk area; urban 334, suburban 339 and rural 341. The results of this study were as follows. 1) There was difference in ‘interests’ by gender (girls > boys), school location (urban, suburban > rural) and school type (coeducation > boys, girls). There were differences in ‘practical usefulness’ by school location (urban > rural) and in ‘attitude change in food behavior’ by school location (urban > suburban > rural) and school type (boys, girls > coeducation). 2) There was difference in difficulty in section of ‘nutrition and health in adolescence’ by school location (suburban > rural). There were no differences in section of ‘balanced diet’ by gender, school location and school type. But there were differences in section of ‘ principle of cooking and preparing food’ by school location (urban, rural > suburban) and school type (coeducation > boys). 3) There were differences in necessity for ‘balanced diet’ and for ‘ principle of cooking and preparing food’ by school location (urban, suburban > rural) and school type (coeducation > boys, girls). Characteristically, the boys had more necessity for ‘nutrition and health in adolescence’ and for ‘balanced diet’ than girls but girls had more necessity for ‘principle of cooking and preparing food’ than boys. It suggests that gender, school type and school location should be considered for an effective and practical curriculum of food and nutrition part in Home Economics.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 1999

The objective of the study was to examine and compare health behavior between rural area and urban area in Soonchun city. Data were collected through personal interviews from 25, April to 30, May in 1998. Questions were asked to the rural area residents(n=399) and urban area residents(n=149) about their health behaviors, including such as self-recognition of health status, health related behaviors(smoking, drinking, eating habit, and exercising), status of disease and prevention, and utilization of hospital. As we examine the demographic characteristics, rural area residents were more aged(p<0.001) than urban area residents. And the urban residents had higher education(p<0.01), higher income(p<0.01) and higher health care cost(p<0.01) than rural residents. There were difference in health status existed between rural and urban residents. Rural residents had poorer health status(p<0.01) than urban residents, and however urban residents had more anxiety about their health(p<0.01) than rural residents. Comparison of the health related behavior between rural and urban area residents, rural residents were more likely to smoke(p<0.05), less intake of milk(p<0.01), do not exercise(p<0.01), and less try to lose their weight(p<0.01) than urban residents. Rural resident used to suffer from chronic diseases than urban residents(p<0.01). Consideration of health care need for rural residents are required due to the results shown as above. Therefore, the health care center, where most of the rural residents depend on for their treatment and prevention of disease, should make inquiries about resident's health care need and evaluate the important information sources for construction of a health care information system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.224-236
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• 2017

This study analyzed the characteristics of traffic accidents among elderly drivers according to area type in Gyeonggido(urban areas, urban-rural complex areas, and rural areas). Traffic accidents caused by unsafe driving are common in all three types of areas. In urban areas and urban-rural complex areas, traffic accidents were more frequent due to traffic violations and intersection accidents, while rural areas were more affected by central lines. Urban areas and urban-rural complex areas require simpler signal exposures, such as a simple straight line, left turn, or straight line and left turn signal rather than complex signal operations, such as overlaps in a signal operation. Improvement of non-signal intersections and unprotected traffic signal processing is also needed. In order to prevent the intrusion of the central line in rural areas, the center line guard rail should be prevented from penetrating the center line, and the influence of the vehicle headlamp should be reduced in the opposite direction. It is necessary to improve the visibility by using fluorescent letters to enlarge the font size of traffic signs and road signs, particularly to increase visibility at night and prevent traffic accidents at sunset. Minimal, simplified should be provided rather than complex phrases and information.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.329-339
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to obtain empirical data for deriving necessary items for the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks while maintaining the publicness of the place by examining the difference in perception among park visitors about the gardens in the public parks. Methods: A survey was conducted on users of urban agricultural parks in 6 locations and 113 copies of the questionnaire were collected. After understanding the demographic characteristics and the current use of the garden, we identified the importance of the necessary items for the public gardens. Results: 108 subjects(95.6%) responded that gardens are needed in urban parks, for psychological and emotional health (26.2%) and for interaction and friendship with family and neighbors(23.2%). For use of garden crops, most were private sales(96 subjects, 64.4%), and both sales preferred to partially donate their crops. Most used communal gardens operated by public institutions(30.1%). It was found that 96.4% of the respondents were satisfied with gardening activities, and 107(94.7%) of them showed their intention to participate in the gardening in the future. The Kaiser Meyer Olkin value was .848 and the significance level was .001, proving the validity of factor analysis. The factors were named composition elements(Factor 1), management items(Factor 2), convenience elements(Factor 3), and operational facilities(Factor 4). In the survey on the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks, there were no statistically significant differences, but all items had correlations. Conclusion: The results have reflected the needs of actual users in establishing the plans to operate urban gardens, thereby having great utility value as the basic data for continuous garden management. Further research can be conducted to derive detailed elements that can guarantee sustainability of urban gardens and suggest high-quality data for management of gardens in urban agricultural parks.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.341-354
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• 2019

Urban agriculture, which promotes communication in vulnerable classes and the formation of social networks has been gaining attention with an emphasis on healthy city, elderly-friendly city, safe city and happy city as future keywords about urban life. There is a growing interest in public awareness in many areas such as health, society, economy, and ecology. As an attempt to improve the diversity of urban gardens, this study begins with collecting suitable crops for urban gardens from "Imwongyeongjeji (林園經濟志)," an encyclopedia written by Yoo-Ku Seo, a scholar in the 18-19th century. Out of those recorded in "Gwanhyuji (灌畦志)," 128 kinds of crops with linkage of the historical achievements of the realists who gave their priority to public welfare were selected and 53 crops which had traditionality, historicality, health functionality and popularity were finally selected. The properties (cold, warm, clam) of the selected crops were evenly distributed, and there was no crop that was hot and cool. In addition, the number of crops that have a sweet taste was the highest, followed by spicy and bitter, but there was no salty vegetable, which can be attributed to the fact that 12 namuls (wild vegetables) that grow in seas were excluded in this study since they were not suitable for urban gardens. Urban gardens can be transformed from those that focus on primary production and secondary consumption activities into a new resource that offers educational and traditional values by applying humanities to urban agriculture as a content resource in the era of cultural consilience and convergence. It is expected to satisfy urban residents' intellectual and participatory needs and to enhance the diversity and utility of urban gardens by applying traditional knowledge to a new model of urban agriculture. We hope that further research will be conducted to develop new types and models of urban agriculture going forward.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.635-652
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• 2010

In recent time, rural-studying programs have emerged as an alternative to promoting exchange between urban and rural areas. The purpose of this research will be to take a look at such exchange activities through the study of cases involving rural areas using its human and material resources. The research will also consider the implications resulting from the possibility of its application in Korea. According to a Japan's rural-studying program, there was a whole family participation and there was cooperation between the school, village and the local government. There are some domestic places that applied this program, but only a few are successfully being implemented. To increase the possibility of successful application, building network systems between rural-studying schools will be vital. So will be the building of critical infrastructure to induce the return to farming and the establishment of assistance institutions. Also, visible assistance towards farms in rural area and conversion of recognition upon exchange activities between urban and rural will be necessary. Legislation of rural-studying program, establishment of local government assistance ordinance and continual education to local inhabitants will be central to the role of central and local government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to deduce the image of city people on rural district, and to clarify the city people's demands on rural tour and their consciousness on green tourism. This study also aims to propose the effective ways of improving the environment of rural district to revitalize green tourism and to promote the exchange between urban and rural districts. The study results indicate that most city people have a warm-hearted lyric image on rural district. In addition, it is indicated that the city people like the rural district with beautiful scenery, which is easy to contact with nature. On the other hand, as the goal of green tourism, in addition to the contact with nature, the exchange between urban and rural districts and the understanding on the rural life through personal experience are also considered very important. Finally, the city people are classified into four types, and it is necessary to develop the green tour program with emphasis on the city people of overall-type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of fashion leaders in relation to attitude toward change and socioeconomic level among Dae Gu woman as well as among rural women living on the suburbs of Dae Gu: and to compare the characteristics of these urban women in a mass society with the rural women living in a traditional society. Measures selected for this study consisted of the Schrank Fashion Opinion Leadership Inventory(1973), the Schrank ana Sugawara Attitudes Toward Change Inventory(1977), and socioeconomic level. The fashion Innovation Inventory was developed by author which consisted of a list of clothing and accessory items selected after surveys to local stores, campus, and main streets, and study of fashion magazines for the current seasons. The data from 280 respondents were analyzed by Pearson corrleation coefficients, analysis of variance, and t-test. The results were as followers : 1) A significant relationship was found between fashion leadership and socioeconomic level for both urban and rural women. High attitude toward change was significantly related to high fashion innovativeness and high fashion opinion leadership among the urban groups. re significant relationship was found between fashion opinion leadership and attitude toward change among the rural sample. 2) A significant difference was found in attitude toward change scores of four urban sub-sample groups : fashion innovators, fashion opinion leaders, fashion innovative communicators(who exhibit high scores on both fashion innovativeness and fashion opinion leader-ship), and non-fashion innovative communicators. No significant difference was found in attitude toward change scores of four rural sub-sample groups. No significant differences were found in socioeconomic level of four sub-sample groups for both urban and rural women.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.413-425
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the health services information need between urban area and rural area in Sooncheon City. For accomplishing this purpose, we selected 1,060 adults randomly, 744 urban residents and 314 rural residents were surveyed from 1st, December to 31st, December in 1999. Compared the difference between two areas by cross tabulation, and chi-square test were used. The results of this study are as follows: 1. There were statistically difference in sociodemographic characteristics between urban residents and rural residents, such as age, education, job, income, and insurance payment(p<0.001). 2. According to the health utilization behavior, types of health facility, satisfaction of medical cost, and satisfaction of medical results were statistically different between the two areas(p<0.001). Also utilization of the health service center, and accessibility were statistically different between urban and rural areas(p<0.001). 3. Experiencing the health service information, type of health service information, methods of information, effectiveness, and satisfaction were statistically different between the two areas(p<0.001). 4. And experience of using computer, and internet and preference of method of health service information were statistically different between urban and rural areas. Therefore, the construction of health information system should be carefully reviewed by community health service centers and they should consider the different residents information needs, and accessibility and convenience of community residents.