• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1993

This study is to analyze both root growth and soil moisture extraction pattern during the growing period of upland crops with respect to soybean, redpepper, sesame. Field and lysimeter tests were conducted under 12 treatments of soil moisture level by the San Cristobal experimental design(1981) and 3 soil type(sand, sandy loam, silty loam) for 4 years('87-'90) at the experimental plot of Rural Development Administration located in Suwon. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1.For soybean, redpepper and sesame, root growth in dry soil was better than that in wet soil and it could be expressed as a sin function in terms of time. Maximum root depth was about 55cm, 44cm, 40cm respectively. 2.The average soil moisture extraction pattern for soybean, redpepper and sesame were 61.4%, 62.8%, 79.5% for zone l(0-l5cm). 25.5%, 27.1%, 18.3%, for zone 2(15-30cm).11.4%, 9.8%, 2.3% for zone 3(30-45cm), 1.7%, 0.3%, 0.04% for zone 4(45-60cm) respectively. This means that Zone 1 would be the dominant zone in irrigation scheduling. 3.With respect to soybean, the soil moisture extraction pattern(SMEP) was varied somewhat according to the erent maintenance of soil moisture level. The average SMEP for high maintenance of soil moisture was 46%, 29%, 17%, 8%, for middle maintenance of soil moisture was 43%, 29%, 17%, 11 % and for low maintenance of soil moisture was 40%, 28%, 20%, 12%, respectively. 4.With respect to soybean, the soil moisture in the upper layer was distinctly consumed more than that in the lower layer for clay loam soil and the soil moisture of all layers was consumed evenly for sand soil. The SMEP for sandy loam soil showed a middle result compared with the above 2 soil types.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.522-529
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• 2009

To supply safe drinking water to areas lacking in water supply and drainage system, such as rural area and military bases in proximity to Demilitarized Zone, effective method for treating organic contaminants such as MTBE is required. This study focuses on seeking optimal conditions for effective degradation of MTBE using a bath type ultrasound reactor. Effectiveness of MTBE degradation by ultrasound is dependent on the frequency, power, temperature, treatment volume, initial concentration, catalyst, etc. In this study the degradation rate of MTBE by ultrasound was proportional to power/unit volume ratio and removal is relatively more efficient for 0.1 mM than for 1 mM of MTBE solution. Efficiency of ultrasound treatment for 1 mM MTBE solution was enhanced under bath temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ compared to $4^{\circ}C$, but the temperature effect was negligible for 0.1 mM MTBE solution. Also for 0.1 mM MTBE solution, effect of catalyst such as $TiO_2$ and $Fe^0$ on treatment speed was negligible, and zeolite even increases the time taken for the degradation. Under these specific experimental conditions of this study, the most determinant factor for degradation rate of MTBE in solution was frequency and power of ultrasound. The results have shown that a continuous ultrasound reactor system can be used for small scale remediation of organically polluted groundwater, under optimal conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Increased value added by rapeseed (Brassica napus) by-product and the development of a usable rapeseed functional tea. METHODS AND RESULTS: To develop a usable rapeseed functional tea, the total flavonoid content in the varieties Youngsan, Tammi, Tamra, Naehan, Hanra, Mokpo No. 68, and Mokpo No. 111 was investigated. Effect of three treatments, i.e., drying, leaching, and roasting, on flavonoid contents or flower was tested using multiple processing methods per treatment. Total flavonoid content decreased under the various drying methods, confirming that flavonoid content is heat-dependent. This finding was more pronounced for freezing and oven-drying (15.3 and 13.8 mg/g DW, respectively), with a 10% difference in the total flavonoid content between the two methods. Under leaching conditions, the flavonoid content decreased with increasing treatment time. Notably, roasting methods did not result in loss of flavonoid content. The total flavonoid content in the rapeseed varieties decreased in the following order: Youngsan, Tammi, Tamra, Naehan, Hanra, Mokpo No. 68, and Mokpo No. 111. CONCLUSION: The flavonoid content in rapeseed flower was higher in Youngsan than in the other varieties, under processing conditions such as freeze-drying, leaching at $90^{\circ}C$ for 5 min, and roasting.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.617-642
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• 2011

The purpose of our study is to analyze the determinants of the benefits of the long-term care insurance in Korea using 2008 and 2009 cross-sectional data. Per capita long-term care insurance benefits can be divided into home care services utilization rate, institutional care services utilization rate, per capita home care services benefits, and per capita institutional care services benefits, which are used as the dependent variables in our regression analysis. Admission rate and the ratio of the admitted to the applicant also used as the dependent variables. The results of our analysis show that the explanatory variables such as income level, needs for care, family type, access to the services, and regional characteristics are statistically significant to explain the dependent variables, the long-term care insurance benefits. The higher is the regional income and the more of the female residents, the more are the long-term care insurance benefits. The easier is the access to the services, the more are the insurance benefits. In the rural area, the level of the insurance benefits is relatively high. We propose that copayment rates of the long-term care insurance should be examined and monitoring on the over-use of the services should be done. Also preventive services and care by the family member should be expanded.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-43
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• 2011

Access to health care is complicated to define. It is a multidimensional process. In addition to the matters of quality of care, geographical accessibility and availability of the right type of care, finance, and acceptability are all involved. The purposes of this paper are to measure the geographic distances between patient residency locations and health service organizations in which the patients hadvisited, and to investigate the association between geographical distance measures and variables involved in health service utilization. The study used the first and the second wave of the 2008 Korea Health Panel Survey. The samples of analyses were patients who had visited outpatient or used ambulatory health services, and the total observations (visit numbers) analyzed were 229,128. We divided the samples into a frequent-visit illness group (Group 1) and a non-frequent visit illness group (Group 2) based on over 5,000 total visit numbers. We exploited three level analyses using xtmixed of STATA${\Box}$ 11.1 command with/without interaction terms among age, sex, and occupation. Geographical distances were measured using the Haversine method. Group 1 was tended to older and lower equivalent income than those of Group 2, but the geographic difference were not observed in terms of area deprivation index and standard mortality ratios. Amongst group 1, diabetes mellitus patients travelled far to visit health care organizations, and arthritis patients were more deprived in terms of the personal and areal characteristics. The study revealed that residents in rural areas traveled about 10 times more long distances than those whom lived in larger cities after adjusting for various variables, which we used for analyses. This study contributed to the practical understanding of health service utilizations using empirical analyses, and found that the types of diseases and socioeconomic characteristics of patients tended to define the amount of travel distance to healthcare organizations.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.427-431
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• 2006

In vitro high-frequency plant regeneration of Muscari comosum var. plumosum through somatic embryogenesis was obtained via two developmental pathways: direct embryos and multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic callus. Flower bud with pedicel, receptacle, petal and ovary wall, floral stalk and leaf as explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators. Embryos formed directly from pedicel, receptacle and floral stalk. Depending on explant sources, the optimal medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA and 0.3 mg/L BA, 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA, and MS-free medium for pedicel, receptacle, and floral stalk, respectively. Multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic cal]i which was initiated from petal, ovary and leaf were observed in MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of hormone. The most suitable medium for each type of explant was 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA(petal and ovary) and 5.0 mg/L IBA and 5.0 mg/L BA (leaf) Furthermore, the combination of 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA was also good for all sources of explants not only for direct embryo formation, but also, for embryogenic callus induction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2018

Water management impacts both methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from rice paddy fields. Although irrigation is one of the most important methods for reducing $CH_4$ emission in rice production systems it can also $N_2O$ emissions and reduce crop yields. A feasibility study on the system of rice intensification (SRI) methods with respect to irrigation requirements, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was conducted for either 2 or 3 years depending on the treatment in Korea. The SRI methods (i.e. SRI and midsummer drainage (MD) with conventional practice (CT)) reduced the irrigation requirement by 49.0 and 22.0 %, respectively. Global warming contribution of GHG to different depending on the type of GHG. Therefore, the emission of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ shall be converted to Global Warming Potential (GWP). The GHG emission from the conventional practice with midsummer drainage (MD) and the SRI plots, in GWP were reduced by 49.1 and 77.1 %, respectively. Application of SRI water management method could help to improve Korea's water resources and could thus contribute to mitigation of the negative effects of global warming.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2015

Due to the impact of birth rate, the school age population decreases year by year, and as a result, the Ministry of Education conducts the layout adjustment for middle and primary schools and cancels substantial rural schools. Nearly half of the cancelled and idle schools are not applied till now. Combining the practical demand of local residents, it is quite necessary to make use of the idle schools effectively again. Consequently, field investigation is conducted for the architectural status of 28 idle schools in Pingle County of Guilin, Guangxi, and detail investigation and analysis has been carried out for the different scales of schools from various aspects, including the covered area, traffic, building construction, space composition, degree of aging, etc. The investigation result shows that small teaching schools are remote, being small in scale, single in space and serious in aging. Complete primary schools are close to the villages and towns, being large in scale, abundant in space, and well preserved. The teaching schools are between the previous two types. Meanwhile, it is generally convenient in traffic, and good in structure. It can provide fundamental data for the future utilization and study.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1998

This study aimed to find out the relationship between the body shape and the degree of obesity and the eating attitude influenced by the eating disorder among male and female college students. Followings are the summary of the results obtained in this study : 1. Male students perceived their own body shape properly, however female students perceived their body shape fatter than their real one even if almost all of them were maintaining normal weight. 2. For both male and female students the EAT-26 score was high when they perceived themselves fat, and in the group of students perceiving themselves fat the F I score was high and the F III score was low. Contray to this, in the group of students perceiving themselves thin the F nt score was high. The EAT-26 of female students marked higher than that of males in total questionares. 3. The EAT-26 score was high for both male and female students whose degree of obesity was high. The higher the degree of obesity the higher the F I score, and the lower the degree of obesity the higher the F III score. 4. For both male and female students the dieting frequency was high when they were in the group perceiving themselves fat and in the group with the high degree of obesity. And the number of females' is higher than that of males'. For male students there was no significant difference of dieting frequency in accordance with the perceived body shape and the degree of obesity. However, for female students the frequency was high when they were in the group perceiving themselves fat and in the group with the high degree of obesity. The frequency was high when they were in the group perceiving themselves thin and in the group with the low degree of obesity. 5. For the matter of relationship between the degree of obesity and the frequency of buying meals there was significant difference only in the female students and the frequency of buying meals was higher when the degree of obesity was higher.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.57-74
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• 2001

The risk of the soil and groundwater that contaminated with petroleum is well known. The behaviour of petroleum in subsurface is governed by combined mechanism of several processes such as volatilization, adsorption, dissolution, biodegradation, etc. Large number of methods of remedial investigation and plan, therefore, have been developed and practiced. In application of the method, it is required engineer understands the mechanism of fate of petroleum in subsurface. So sampling procedures is very important for investigating the type of contaminants and their concentration as well as the selection of items that must be tested. For designing the remedial method, it is also required engineers to verify the structural formation of geology and the locational conditions of a land in detail, to familiar with the regulation, and to investigate the problems that can be happened after the performance was begun. In this paper it is shown that the investigation methods of contaminated land and the proper selection procedure of remedial method using the case history.