• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.300-307
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the content of inorganic metals in botanical pills and assess the safety of mineral balance in body. Inorganic metals (Fe, Ca, Zn, Na, Mg, K, Pb, Cd, Cr) were detected in 11 kinds, 51 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The average concentration of inorganic metals in botanical pills was in the order of K(7933.32 mg/kg)>Na(5848.58mg/kg)>Ca(2741.60mg/kg)>Mg(1595.34mg/kg)>Fe(353.14mg/kg)>Zn(22.49mg/kg)>Cr(3.51mg/kg)>Pb(0.24mg/kg)>Cd(0.09mg/kg). In samples, Morus and Laminaria contained a great quantity of K and Na, Acanthopanacis cortex, Eucommia ulmoides, Pinus densiflora, Lycii fructus, Allium sativum for. pekinense, and Platycode radix had much more amount of K than that of Na, in the mean time, Artemisia capillaris, Carthamus tinctorius seed, and Rubi fructus had various kinds of plenty inorganic metals.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.615-625
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• 2005

Objectives : Poststroke depression is a frequent and specific entity that impaires the rehabilliation and functional recovery of patients with hemiplegia. The author evaluated the effect of Banhahubak-tang(Banxiahoupotang) in patients with poststroke depression. Methods : 38 patients suffering from poststroke depression(determined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised. 3rd edition. and Beck Depression Inventory[BDI] cutoff $point{\geqq}10$) in Kyunghee Oriental hospital were randomized into two groups; treatment group(n=19) and control group(n=19). The treatment group was prescribed with Banhahubak-tang(Banxiahoupotang) three times a day fur a week. Control troop was prescribed with other herbal medicines used for stroke Patients three times a day for a week. Patients were evaluated by use of BDI scale, Modified Barthel Index, Depression of Ki score, Yin syndrome score, and Yang syndrome score. Among 38 patients, 24 patients got BDI scores above 21, which is the cut-off score for depression in Korean. The same procedures and assessments described above were applied. Results : Treatment group did not significantly improve compared with control group. Results yielded only slight significance (P=0.086). Especially. patients with poststroke depression as yin syndrome improved more significantly on BDI than those classified as yang syndrome. When BDI cutoff point for depression was defined as being ${\geq}\;21$, treatment group did not significantly improve compared with control group(P=0.114). However, patients with poststroke depression classified as yin syndrome were also significantly improved on BDI than those classified as yang syndrome. Conclusions : This study suggests that Banhahubak-tang(Banxiahoupotang) is significantly effective in patients with poststroke depression classified as yin syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-79
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• 2002

To screen the effective materials for hair loss treatment, several natural extracts were tested using in vivo and in vitro test models. Firstly, all test materials were applicated onto the back skin of C57BL／6 mouse and then hair growth promoting effect was measured using hair growth index. As a result, Prunus mume, black bean, Brassica campestris subsp. black sesame and Rubi Fructus showed potent hair growth promoting effect, ranking as 1.5-2.0 of hair growth index. However, there were no plant extracts, which have remarkable potential of growth promotion of human hair dermal papilla cells cultured in vitro. In the experiments of 5${\alpha}$-reductase type Ⅱ inhibition assay, Prunus mume, Eriobotryae Folium showed effective potential to inhibit the activity of 5${\alpha}$-reductase type Ⅱ. To investigate the possible involvement of the effect of several plant extracts on the gene expression of growth factors in human hair dermal papilla cells, RT - PCR analyses were performed. However, there were no plant extracts, which have profound effect on the gene expression of several growth factors such as IGF-I, KGF, HGF and VEGF in the dermal papilla cells. Another tests for inhibition of microbial such as P. acne were also carried out to find whether these plant extracts have anti -microbial activities. Rubi Fructus showed anti -microbial effects on Propionibacterium acnes, which is believed as a pathogen of acne. Together, these results showed several plant extracts can be used for hair growth promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data regarding the perceptions of medicated diets among chefs. The subjects were 22 exemplary restaurant chefs in the Danyang area. The results showed that 40.9% of the chefs regarded the taste of medicated diets as good. Conversely, 22.7% of the subjects answered that they didn't know about medicated diets. Mass media and education from relevant institutions were the means of acquiring information about medicated diets. The chefs recognized that varieties of sauce could make medicated diets popular because of special flavor. Female chefs were generally more familiar with herbs than male chefs. Overall, the chefs were not familiar with Menthae Herba, Atractylodis Japonica, Adenophorae radix, Caryophylli Flos, or Carthami Flos. However, they were familiar with Glycyrrhizae Radix, Cassiae Semen, Cinnamomi Cortex, Polygonati Rhizoma, Mume Fructus, and Ginseng Radix, even though they didn't like the tastes pertaining to medicated diets. Ginseng Radix was the most well-known oriental herb, and Mume Fructus and Rubi Fructus were also popular. The most popular cooking methods for medicated diets were, in order, boiling rice, roasting items, and preparing the herbs as beverages.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.54-72
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this review is to investigate studies on Estrogen-like activity and to contribute to the utilization of herbal medicines including phytoestrogens. Methods: Electric searches were performed with Pubmed from 2013 to June 2018, for the words, 'herb and estrogen', 'traditional Chinese medicine and estrogen', 'Oriental medicine and estrogen', and 'Korean medicine and estrogen'. 49 papers are investigated and classified into 'in vitro', 'in vivo' and 'in vivo and in vitro' experimental studies. Results: 1. In vitro experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rubi Fructus, Sparganii Rhizoma, Epimedii Herba, Spatholobi Caulis, Evodiae fructus, Curcumae longae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Puerariae Radix, Scutellariae Radix are present. 2. In vivo experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Phytolaccae Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix, Puerariae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, Cistanchis Herba, Cynomorii Herba, Granati fructus, Astragali Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus, Epimedii Herba, Polygalae Radix, Artemisiae Annuae Herba are present. 3. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies have shown that estrogen-like effects of the components extracted from Cirsii Herba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cynomorii Herba, Cinnamomi cortex, Drynariae Rhizoma, Psoraleae Semen, Schisandrae Fructus, Epimedii Herba, Astragali Radix are present. Conclusions: Future studies will require additional research on numerous herbal medicines used in clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

The immune activities of the extracts from Ephedrae Herba and Rubi Frutus extraction with ultrasonification at $60^{\circ}C$ were compared with the extracts though water extraction at $100^{\circ}C$. The growth of human T cells was increased up to $13{\times}10^4\;viable\;cells/m{\ell}$ in adding $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ of the ultrasonification extracts of R. Fructus at $60^{\circ}C$, compared to adding the extracts at $100^{\circ}C$. The secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$ for human T cells were also increased up to $13.9{\times}10^{-4}$ pg/cell by adding extracts at $60^{\circ}C$, compared to extracts at $100^{\circ}C$. The extracts of R. Fructus at $60^{\circ}C$ increased NK cell activities up to 50% and the secretion of $NO^{-1}$ from macrophage to $31\;{\mu}M$ for ultrasonification extracts at $60^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 1991

In the preceding paper, it was reported that total 63 traditional Korean herbal medicines listed in the Korean Pharmacopoeia and Korean Natural Drug Standards were found to be different plants in terms of systematic botany when those were compared with other two countries' drug compendia, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia and Japanese Natural Drug Standards. Among 63 traditional Korean herbal drugs, 28 items were subject to the chemical identification test by using official methods that are described in the Korean Pharmacopoeia and the Korean Natural Drug Standards. In addition, 5 items were also tested by using the official methods described in Chinese and Japanese drug compendia, since there are no official chemical tests available in the Korean drug compendia. It was found that most of chemical tests appeared to be suitable. It was noted that the chemical test for Atractylodis Rhizoma(蒼朮) was incorrect and unapplicable. Those chemical tests for Clematidis Radix(威靈仙), Rubi Fructus(覆盆子) and Viticis Fructus(蔓荊子) are desirable to be revised for more accurate identification.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.882-890
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• 2009

In this study, dietitians working in the school foodservice industry in the Chungbuk region were surveyed to determine their perception of medicinal herbs and medicinal foods in order to obtain basic data for developing medicinal food menus. The findings of this study are as follows. Many of the dietitians had low confidence in medicinal herbs used in medicinal foods. However the more the subjects ate such food, the higher their perception was. The higher the perception and reliability were, the more positive the answer was in terms of taste, nutrition and efficacy. Regarding the familiarity with medicinal herbs, the subjects, regardless of their age, showed a high perception of easily accessible medicinal herbs; younger subjects preferred Schisandrae fructus, Rubi fructus and Acanthopanacis cortex. The higher the perception and the eating frequency were, the higher the familiarity was. Regarding the development of medicinal food menus, the older the subjects were, the more positive they viewed the development of menus. Also, dietitians with 15 years of experience showed a high interest in the development of new menus.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of HTE001, a multi-herbal mixture consisting of 10 herbs, Cornus Frutus, Schizandrae Fructus, Rubi Fructus, Cnidi Fructus, Acanthopanacis senticosi Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex, Eucommiae Cortex, Allii Bulbus, Rehmanniae Radix and Ginseng Radix, on electrostimulation-induced penile erection in rats. Methods : Intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were simultaneously monitored through electric stimulation of the cavernous nerve after the oral administration of HTE001 (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) in normal rats. Statistical analysis was performed on maximal intracavernous pressure (ICP), maximal intracavernous pressure/mean arterial blood pressure (ICP/MAP) ratio, and the area under the curve (AUC) of ICP/MAP ratio. Results : Oral administration of HTE001 300 mg/kg caused the ICP to increase in a frequency-dependent manner. And HTE001 300 mg/kg treatment group showed the highest value in the ICP/MAP ratio and the AUC value of the ICP/MAP ratio compared to the control group at 2 Hz, 6 Hz and 10 Hz, respectively without an effect on the mean arterial blood pressure under the same stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Conclusions : These results show that HTE001 improve penile erection and prolong the decay period in normal rats without affecting mean arterial blood pressure, and suggest that HTE001 could be a good therapeutic candidate to treat erectile dysfunction.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2008

The five flavonoids, isoqueritrin, juglanin, astragalin and 2-O-trans-p-coumaroyl astragalin were quantitatively analyzed in the leaves, unripe- and ripe fruits of four Korean Rubus species including Rubus crataegifolius, R. pungens var. oldhami, R. parvifolius, and R. coreanus belonging to the Rosaceae family. The HPLC analysis demonstrated that flavonoids are more abundant in the leaves than in the fruits. In the four Rubus species, ripe fruits generally contained similar or more amount of flavonoids than in unripe fruits. In particular, the quantity levels of total flavonoid (49.81${\pm}$0.50 mg/g) and isoquercitrin (35.08${\pm}$0.37 mg/g) were highest in the leaf of R. crataegifolius. In addition, the content of the flavonoids were quite low in the unripe fruits of R. coreanus that is most widely used as Rubi Fructus.