• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of row width and hill space on growth and yield in cynanchum wilfordii on experimental fields of chungbuk Provincial Rural Development Administration. Emergence date was May 25 and had no differences between planting density. Vine length was 219cm with row 40cm, 220cm, with 50cm and 225cm with 60cm, and in hill spaces, it was 225cm with hill space 10cm, 219cm with 15cm, and 218cm with 20cm. No. of leaves was same tendencies to vine length and was more increased as the hill space was narrower. Root length was longer about 0.9cm to 1.4cm as the hill space was wider, and no. of root had no difference between planting tensity. Yield was more increased row width was wider and was decreased hill space was wider. And the profitalble planting density was row width 50cm and hill space 10cm in the cultivation cynanchum wilfordii.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effect of row covering materials on the growth and yield of broccoli for early production in the open meld. Materials for plastic tunnel were row-covering (ventilating non-woven fabric), perforated film (2.3％ pore space) and P.E. film. The types of row covers were tunnel and covering period was one months after transplanting. The row cover and perforated film increased daily air and soil temperature by 3~4$^{\circ}C$ and 2~3$^{\circ}C$, respectively as compared to no covering. Also, relative humidities in those treatments were higher than those in P.E. and no covering. The row covering and perforated film enhanced plant growth. Broccoli grew best and abnormal head appeared the least with row covering treatment. Days taken for head formation, however, did not differ between treatments but the weight of curd was over 400 g in the treatment of row covering and perforated film covering. Marketable yield doubled under row covering as compared to no covering. The first harvest time was earlier by two weeks in row-covering. The results of this experiment indicated that covering row-cover film in spring cultivation was effective fer not only yield increase but also quality evaluation in early production of broccoli.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1421-1441
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• 2017

We compute explicitly the matrix represented by the Toeplitz operator on the Hardy space over a smoothly finitely connected bounded domain in the plane with respect to special orthonormal bases consisting of the classical kernel functions for the space of square integrable functions and for the Hardy space. The Fourier coefficients of the symbol of the Toeplitz operator are obtained from zeroth row vectors and zeroth column vectors of the matrix. And we also find some condition for the product of two Toeplitz operators to be a Toeplitz operator in terms of matrices.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-114
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• 2006

This study was conducted on the premise that plan types of the public residential houses proposed after the 1945 implicatively showed the developing process of the modern housing. The formal characteristics created through the developing process were analyzed in Micro-Historically. Moreover, by providing a new viewpoint on the changes of the residential houses that occurred around 1945, we tried to provide the fundamental research background for the research on the developing processes of the future housing cultures. The research pursued mainly on the major spaces that became the modern change indices of housing plan changes from the traditional housings in 1940s to the modern housings such as the master bedrooms(An-Bang), kitchen, the main floored-space(Maru), and the secondary bedroom (Kune-Bang). The major experimental subjects are the 87 public residential plan types designed and supplied by the Korea Housing Cooperation in between 1945 and 1970. The study synthesized the developing process of the public residential houses from the traditional residential houses in 1940s through modern situation and intrusion of foreign housing cultures. Following results were derived from the study: First, various and experimental housing plan types had been proposed as public residential houses since 1945. Among them, the plan having the main floored-space(Maru) were the representative type of public residential houses and various series of houses were constructed based on this type. Second, the main floored-space(Maru) type had continued building connection order of the R-M-R that were used in the traditional houses. On the other hand, with decomposition of connecting ring between the main floored-space(Maru) and the kitchen, rationalization of women circulations and introduction of family-centered spaces had been resolved the demands of modern society. It had greate effect on settlement of the current double-row Maru plan type. Third, in Korea most of plan types for the public residential houses were proposed in between 1945 and 1965. Forth, the location of kitchen and relation between Maru and the master bedroom were arranged visually on the corner and center of the rear row with the micro change characteristics of the public residential houses. In this process, the front row was similar with traditional residential houses but the rear row was differentiated and developed with expansion of Maru and Ondol rooms, increase of closet spaces, and introduction of kitchen that divided spaces for sleeping and eating.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 1979

The effect of planting time and density of soybean on the yield component and yield when intercropped within barley rows or seeded after harvest was evaluated. Early maturing barley variety 'Olbori' was seeded at 2 levels of planting density 40 ${\times}$ 18 and 60 ${\times}$ 18 (row-hill space in em), and the soybean, variety "Dongbuktae", was seeded on June 1 as a inter-crop, June 15 and 30 as a afterharvest crop, all 2 levels of row space (40, 60 cm) and 3 levels of hill space (10, 15, 20 em). Soybean yield was increased in the following conditions: early seeding of soybeans within rows at 60 ${\times}$ 20 em density and soybean seeding after barley harvest at 40 ${\times}$ 20 em density./TEX> 20 em density.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.2 s.30
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• pp.23-35
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• 2002

Even though there have been greate changes in the types and contents of the housing plan in Korea since the Modem age, it seems that the identity of traditional dwelling culture is still remains within it. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and features in the development of the 'Public Standard' Housing Unit Plan by comparing the differences and similarities in unit plans in housings built on Japanese occupation period and those built after the period. From the study, we can conclude as follows: 1. The public standard housing unit plans on both periods have shown the common features in the composition of their physical forms in the way that the front-row area still remains the traditional housing culture and the rear-row area reflects the desires of the modem lives. The structure of the dual-row unit plan appeared in the public standard housing plan was caused by the cultural acculturation in Japanese occupation period. 2. The public standard housing unit plans, however, show the differences in the contents and meaning in units plans with the them of the Japanese housing because of the cultural differences. These differences took placed autonomously through the change of housing plans in the modern time, and have the common features such that 1) the changes in the Maru-centered plan type differ in composition from the inner-corridor plan type used Japanese housing, and 2) the composition of the open-inner spaces in the double-row housing plan reflects the single-row outer open space In the traditional housing. All of these cultural progresses in the public standard housing unit plans was took place as the result of the inner-oriented and notional circulations derived from the modernity. However, the transformed unit plans still contains the identity derived from the variation of the traditional Korean building elements such as Maru and Ondol. In other words, those are the Maru-centered and composed housing plans with juxtaposition of the inner block and the outer block. As the conclusion, though the public standard dwelling unit plan has the similarity in the physical form, it is different in the cultural Identity and meaning from the public standard plans before the independence from the Japan occupation.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 1999

In the problem of estimating estimable functions in classification linear models, we propose a method of obtaining least squares estimators of estimable functions. This method is based on the hierarchical Bayesian approach for estimating a vector of unknown parameters. Also, we verify that estimators obtained by our method are identical to least squares estimators of estimable functions obtained by using either generalized inverses or full rank reparametrization of the models. Some examples are given which illustrate our results.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.514-523
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• 2006

In this paper we propose an extended interleaving technique to improve a detailed placement. The existing row-based interleaving technique allows cells to move only within a row and it can be applied when there is no space between cells. The proposed extended-interleaving technique releases such constraints so that cells can move along with a vertical line parallel to a y-axis and space between cells is properly handled. Converged detailed-placements by a mature CAD tool have been improved by the proposed interleaving technique by 9.5% on average in half-perimeter wire length.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.345-361
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• 2005

A transform-space index indexes objects represented as points in the transform space An advantage of a transform-space index is that optimization of join algorithms using these indexes becomes relatively simple. However, the disadvantage is that these algorithms cannot be applied to original-space indexes such as the R-tree. As a way of overcoming this disadvantages, the authors earlier proposed the transform-space view join algorithm that joins two original- space indexes in the transform space through the notion of the transform-space view. A transform-space view is a virtual transform-space index that allows us to perform join in the transform space using original-space indexes. In a transform-space view join algorithm, the order of accessing disk pages -for which various space filling curves could be used -makes a significant impact on the performance of joins. In this paper, we Propose a new space filling curve called the adaptive row major order (ARM order). The ARM order adaptively controls the order of accessing pages and significantly reduces the one-pass buffer size (the minimum buffer size required for guaranteeing one disk access per page) and the number of disk accesses for a given buffer size. Through analysis and experiments, we verify the excellence of the ARM order when used with the transform-space view join. The transform-space view join with the ARM order always outperforms existing ones in terms of both measures used: the one-pass buffer size and the number of disk accesses for a given buffer size. Compared to other conventional space filling curves used with the transform-space view join, it reduces the one-pass buffer size by up to 21.3 times and the number of disk accesses by up to $74.6\%$. In addition, compared to existing spatial join algorithms that use R-trees in the original space, it reduces the one-pass buffer size by up to 15.7 times and the number of disk accesses by up to $65.3\%$.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2011

We denote by $\mathcal{Q}(A)$ the set of all matrices with the same sign pattern as A. A matrix A has signed -space provided there exists a set S of sign patterns such that the set of sign patterns of vectors in the -space of e $\tilde{A}$ is S, for each e $\tilde{A}{\in}\mathcal{Q}(A)$. In this paper, we show that the number of sign patterns of elements in the row space of $\mathcal{S}^*$-matrix is $3^{m+1}-2^{m+2}+2$. Also the number of sign patterns of vectors in the -space of a totally L-matrix is obtained.