• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2008

In this study, we have investigated the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the external and internal structure of human hair. For changes in morphological and chemical structure of UV-exposed hair, we utilized several microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and etc. The SEM showed the scales of UV-exposed hair appeared to be rough and bulkier because of chemical oxidation during UV irradiation. Small bulgy area of UV_exposed hair surface was appeared as a result of the decomposition in cysteic acid. In the TEM picture the UV-exposed hair showed the cleaved aperture of hair and destruction of melanin granules. Three dimensional topographical images were obtained by using CLSM. In the optical single section, high fluorescent intensity appeared in virgin hair. In the case of UV-exposed hair, low fluorescence intensity appeared. This means the aromatic amino acids in virgin hair were more abundant than UV-exposed hair.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2000

To reconstruct 3- D shape, It is a common strategy to acquire multiple range Images from different viewpoints and integrate them into a common coordinates In this paper, we particularly focus on the registration and integration processes for combining all range Images into one surface model. For the registration, we propose the 2-step registration algorithm, which consists of 2 steps the rough registration step using all data points and the fine registration step using the high-curved data points For the integration, we propose a new algorithm, referred to as ‘multi-registration’ technique, to alleviate the error accumulation problem, which occurs during applying the pair-wise registration to each range image sequentially, in order to transform them into a common reference frame Intensive experiments are performed on the various real range data In experiments, all range images were registered within 1 minutes on Pentium 150MHz PC The results show that the proposed algorithms registrate and integrate multiple range Images within a tolerable error bound in a reasonable computation time, and the total error between all range Images are equalized with our proposed algorithms.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2004

In order to investigate the effect of floor condition on the fattening performance of cattle, sixteen finishing Hanwoo steers of weighting 570kg were fed for 16 weeks to slaughter on two types of sawdust bedding pen oriented to the south(SP) and the north(NP) then obtained following results. The floor condition of SP roofed by transparent material was dry and flat during overall experimental period, whereas, that of NP roofed by solid slate was muddy and rough even in summer and fall, and then frozen in winter period resulted in interfering with the locomotion and resting behavior of steers. Average daily dry matter intake of steers was not different between tow treatments, however, the average daily gain of steers in NP and SP was 0.64kg and 0.75kg, respectively, meaning that gained 14.3% less for the NP group(p<0.05), accordingly, feed requirement(feed/gain) and TDN/gain increased by 15.9% and 15.5%, respectively. No significant differences were found in slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat yield index and meat quality traits between two treatments. In conclusion, this study revealed that poor floor condition of feeding pen could decrease weight gain and feed efficiency of cattle by increasing energy consumption for locomotion and conductive energy loss while resting on the floor surface. These results indicates that housing orientation of cattle shed and the selection of roof material are important factors in beef cattle production.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.485-490
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to assess the occurrence and damages by thrips on greenhouse-cultivated fig in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. We identified the collected species as Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, and F. intonsa Trybom. The density of thrips in the greenhouses during the summer months was monitored using yellow sticky traps; T. tabaci showed the highest density, followed by F. occidentalis and F. intonsa. The damages by thrips were characterized by stunted plant growth because of delayed discoloration of the pericarp, and development of rough fruit surface. Stereomicroscopic observation on the fruit flesh revealed the growth of gray mold at the damaged area, as well as the dead bodies and exuviae of thrips. The rates of fig fruit damages per month, were 18.2%, 9.7%, 2.9%, and 1.3% in July, August, September, and October, respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2006

Crown gall on lower stem of weeping fig(Ficus benjamina Roxb.) was first observed at Daejon in 2003. Tumors were about 15 cm in size and semi-round with rough surface texture of dark brown color. Two virulent isolates among ten bacteria isolated from the tumor tissues were characterized. Their colonies were convex, glistening, circular with an entire edge, and white or tannish cream in color on potato dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5% $CaCO_3$. They were rod shape with peritrichous flagellae, gram-negative, aerobic growth, oxidase-positive, and grew on D1M agar. The isolates were identified as Agrobacterium larrymoorei and A. tumefaciens based on biochemical and physiological characteristics, fatty acid profiles and substrate utilization patterns. Seedlings of some host plants excepting grapevine produced typical galls two to three weeks after inoculation with cell suspensions of the virulent strains. This is the first report on crown gall of weeping fig in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2006

Crown gall on lower stem and root of chrysanthemum(Dendranthema grandiflorum Kitamura) was observed at Hwasung and Gumi in 2001 and 2004, respectively. Tumors were semi-round with rough surface texture of dark brown color. Nine isolates inducing gall formation on lower stem of chrysanthemum among twenty isolates from the tumor tissues were characterized. Their colonies were convex, glistening, circular with an entire edge and whitish or tannish cream in color on potato dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5% $CaCO_3$. The virulent isolates were rod-shaped with peritrichous flagellae, gram negative, aerobic and growing on D1M agar. Among nine virulent isolates, one isolate was identified as Agrobacterium rubi and eight isolates were A. tumefaciens based on biochemical and physiological characteristics, fatty acid profiles and substrate utilization patterns. A. tumefaciens had strong pathogenicity and broad host range compared with A. rubi. This is the first report on crown gall of chrysanthemum in Korea. To our knowledge, crown gall of chrysanthemum caused by A. rubi is first report in this study worldwide.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2005

There are many tube and pipeline in nuclear power plant under high temperature and high pressure. Erosion and corrosion defects were expected on these tube and pipe-line by environmental and mechanical factors. These erosion and corrosion defects ran be evaluated by ultrasonic technique. In these study, Scanning Laser Source(SLS) technique was applied to detect defect and construct image. This technique also makes detection possible on rough and curved surfaces such as tube and pipe-line by scanning. Conventional ultrasonic scanning technique requires immersion of specimen or water jet for transferring ultrasonic wave between transducer and specimen. However, this SLS technique does not need contacting and couplant to generate surface wave and to get flaw images. Therefore, this SLS technique has several advantages, for complicated production inspection, non-contact, remote from specimen, and high resolution. In this study, SLS images were obtained with various conditions of generation laser ultrasound and receiving in order to enhance detectability of flaws on the tube. Stress corrosion cracks were produced on tube and images of stress corrosion cracks were constructed by using SLS technique.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 1987

This study was designed to determine the amino acid composition and to investigate microstructure by scanning electron micrographs of silkworm larvae protein and modified silkworm larvae protein concentrate. The results were as follows: 1, The protein contents of soybean and silkworm larvae protein concentrate were 70.3% and 84.1%, respectively. 2. In general, the essential amino acid content of silkworm larvae protein concentrate were higher than soybean protein concentrate as well as FAO provisional scoring pattern. Silkworm larvae protein concentrate was especially high in lysine and methionine indicating that it could be a good supplemental source for cereals and beans. Succinylation and acetylation resulted in no difference in most amino acid content. 3. The scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that silkworm larvae protein concentrate had smooth surface topography while defatted silkworm larvae flour showed different shapes and sizes with relatively rough surfaces. Acylated silkworm larvae protein concentrate exhibited less cellularity and denser than protein concentrate. However, succinylated silkworm larvae protein concentrate showed especially good texture indicating that it could increase the functional properties of silkworm larvae protein concentrate.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2003

The $Bi_{3.3}La_{0.7}O_{12}$(BLT) capacitors with Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Silicon structure were prepared on $SiO_2/Si$ substrates by using sol-gel method. The BLT thin films annealed at $650^{\circ}C$ and $700^{\circ}C$ showed randomly oriented perovskite crystalline structures. The full with at half maximum (FWHM) of the (117) main peak was decreased from $0.65^{\circ}$ to $0.53^{\circ}$ with increasing the annealing temperature from $650^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$, indicating the improvement in the crystalline quality of the film. In addition, the grain size and $R_rms$ , values were increased with increasing the annealing temperatures, showing the rough film surface at higher annealing temperatures. From the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, the memory window voltage of the BLT film annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was found to be about 0.7 V at an applied voltage of 5 V. The leakage current density of the BLT film annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was about $3.1{\times}10^{-8}A/cm^2$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.661-668
• /
• 2010

Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$(CIGS) photovoltaic thin films were electrodeposited on Mo/glass substrates with an aqueous solution containing 2 mM $CuCl_2$, 8 mM $InCl_3$, 20 mM $GaCl_3$ and 8mM $H_2SeO_3$ at the electrodeposition potential of -0.6 to -1.0 V(SCE) and pH of 1.8. The best chemical composition of $Cu_{1.05}In_{0.8}Ga_{0.13}Se_2$ was found to be achieved at -0.7 V(SCE). The precursor Cu-In-Ga-Se films were annealed for crystallization to chalcopyrite structure at temperatures of 100-$500^{\circ}C$ under Ar gas atmosphere. The chemical compositions, microstructures, surface morphologies, and crystallographic structures of the annealed films were analyzed by EPMA, FE-SEM, AFM, and XRD, respectively. The precursor Cu-In-Ga-Se grains were grown sparsely on the Mo-back contact and also had very rough surfaces. However, after annealing treatment beginning at $200^{\circ}C$, the empty spaces between grains were removed and the grains showed well developed columnar shapes with smooth surfaces. The precursor Cu-In-Ga-Se films were also annealed at the temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ for 60 min under Se gas atmosphere to suppress the Se volatilization. The Se amount on the CIGS film after selenization annealing increased above the Se amount of the electrodeposited state and the $MoSe_2$ phase occurred, resulting from the diffusion of Se through the CIGS film and interaction with Mo back electrode. However, the selenization-annealed films showed higher crystallinity values than did the films annealed under Ar atmosphere with a chemical composition closer to that of the electrodeposited state.