• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 1990

The physicochemical activities of the underground parts of Roso rugosa Thunb (Rosaceae) , which have been used as an antidiabetic in the folkmedicines of Korea , was carried outThe methanol extract from this plant reduced serum Lipid Level the normal rat . When various fractions from the methanol extract was administered to the rat treated with 1% choholesterol and 0.5% cholic aciddiet , the ethyl acetate soluble fraction lowered the serum triglycerideand phospholipid level most remarkably.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2009

Changes in physiochemical properties and polyphenol activities of wine fermented with apples and Rosa rugosa Thun were investigated. To this end, four different mixing ratios of apple and R. rugosa, including R. rugosa:apple 2:1 (Apple 33), R. rugosa:apple 1:2 (Apple 67), R. rugosa:apple 1:5 (Apple 83), and apple alone (Apple 100), were prepared and fermented by Saccharomyces bayanus for 14 days at $24^{\circ}C$ with a further 14 days of post-fermentation at $20^{\circ}C$. The final ethanol content ranged from 8.2.10.2%, with no significant difference between the four groups after fermentation and post-fermentation. Final Brix, pH, and total acidity of the four samples ranged from 7.1.7.5 Brix, pH 3.85.4.07, and acidity 0.73.1.19%. As the proportion of R. rugosa increased, the anthocyanin content and color intensity of wine also increased, whereas the free amino acid concentration decreased.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.367-380
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• 2010

Various contents of Rosa rugosa Thunb. fruit(0, 10, 20%), which is grown along the seashore of Gangwon province, were applied to apple jams having different sugar concentrations(20, 40, 60%). The resulting jams were analyzed using a sensory scoring test as well as a response surface methodology to identify the optimum conditions for the preparation of high-preference apple jams. The sensory properties based on sense of sight, smell and taste appeared to be linked to the sugar contents. It could be attributed to the presence of flavor compounds and pigments generated from the caramelization of sugar molecules during heat processing. On the other hand, rheological properties such as viscosity and spreadability were associated with Rosa rugosa fruit content, which was also verified by textural analysis of the jams. As the contents of Rosa rugosa increased, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the jams decreased, which eventually might have contributed to the less thick and thus more spreadable sensory characteristics. Sensory evaluation revealed that apple jams were preferred when prepared with $\leq$10% of Rosa rugosa fruit and $\geq$55% of sugar contents. In particular, apple jams containing 10% Rosa rugosa and 60% sugar showed better mechanical qualities as well as higher sensory preference among 10 jams formulated using central composite design.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.514-519
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• 2011

Takju was manufactured using 150 g Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Haedanghwa) and two different preparations of 3,000 g each of cooked and uncooked rice. Nuruk (150 g) and yeast (60 g) were inoculated into both mixtures for fermentation, and physiochemical changes were investigated during 14 days of fermentation. The final brix value, pH, and ethanol concentration of Haedanghwa (uncooked rice Takju) were $13.0^{\circ}$Bx, 4.3, and 11.8%, respectively, whereas those of Haedanghwa (cooked rice Takju) were $14.0^{\circ}$Bx, 4.6, and 14.4%, respectively. Lactic and acetic acid levels in Haedanghwa (uncooked rice Takju) were significantly higher than those in Haedanghwa (cooked rice Takju) (p<0.05). The level of ${\gamma}$-amino-n-butyric acid in Haedanghwa Takju (uncooked rice) was twice than that of Haedanghwa Takju (cooked rice). Our results demonstrate that the use of uncooked rice in the preparation of Takju may help improve the taste and function of the final product.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2001

DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and Vitamin contents in different plant parts and harvesting time of Rosa rugosa Thunb were determined. Among the plants parts analysed, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity in part was root $(below\;0.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$, leaf contained the highest ascorbic acid content of 2999.6 mg/100g. Fruit contained ascorbic acid (713.6 mg/ 100g) 4.2 times less than leaf. Vitamin contents in leaf parts also differed depanding on harvesting time. Vitamin content in leaf harvested in November was much higher than that in September. Spectrophotometric analysis of total ${\beta}-carotene$ in leaf showed lower contents than that in fruit.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2007

The root of Rosa rugosa has been used in folkloric medicine as a treatment agent for diabetes. In the present study, we investigated whether (+)-catechin isolated from this plant can change the activities of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats treated with bromobenzene. Pretreatment with (+)-catechin gave no effects on the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, enzymes forming toxic bromobenzene epoxide intermediates and glutathione Stransferase, an enzyme removing toxic epoxides. However, the activity of epoxide hydrolase, an enzyme detoxifying the bromobenzene toxic intermediates was mildly recovered by (+)-catechin treatment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Objectives : Rosae Multiflorae Fructus is a traditional medicine derived from the fruit of Rosa multiflora Thunb. a member of the Rosaceae family. Even though it has a single origin, the possibility of adulterants has always existed. In fact, we had discovered suspicious commercial samples of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus, imported from China. Methods : To define the taxonomic origin of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and its adulterants, DNA barcode analysis of the internal transcribed spacer, trnL-F intergenic spacer, and psbA-trnH sequences was carried out. These DNA barcode sequences from the correct origin of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus were analyzed and compared with those of other samples from genus Rosa used as medicinal herbs. Results : The analyses of the three DNA barcode sequences efficiently distinguished Rosae Multiflorae Fructus from six other species in genus Rosa and also separated each species used in this study. According to the DNA barcoding results, none of the suspicious commercial samples were Rosae Multiflorae Fructus. RMF09 was identified as Rosa acicularis, whereas RMF10 and RMF11 were identified as Rosa davurica and Rosa rugosa, respectively. These results corroborated the existence of adulterants of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus. Conclusions : Our research provides useful information that could be used as a criterion for distinguishing between Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and its adulterants. These results will help in the prevention of adulteration and also suggest effective methods for verifying the origin of commercial herbal medicines derived from genus Rosa.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-27
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• 1990

The vegetation of Pyeongil island was ecologically investigated four times from July, 1979 to May, 1981. The vegetation of this island consisted of 80 families, 172 genera, 173 species, 21 varieties and 4 forma. Evergreen, broad-leaved trees comprised a total of 11 species including Eurya japonica Thunb. and Trachelostermum asiaticum var. intermedium Nakai. The distribution of evergreen, broad-leaved trees was very spares in this island as a whole. It may also be considered that evergreen, broad-leaved trees, such as Camellia japonica Linne (30cm-35cm in diameter at breast height), Pittosporum fobira Aiton, Eurya japonica Thunb. and Trachelostermum asiaticum var. intermedium Nakai which might have been dominant species on this island, have undergone artificial succession caused by the planting of Pinus thunbergii Parl. dominant species of today. This was due to human interferences for fuel, building, grazing and farmland use. Especially, the vegetation of this island seems to have been severely destroyed by high population density, farming rate and by rapid increase in the area of cultivated land. However, the forest of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore at Wolsong-ri is worthy of conservation. The five species of seaside plants (Ixeris dentata (Thunb.) Nakai, Rosa rugosa Thunb., Carex laticeps Clarke, Calystergia soldanella Reom. et Schult. and Phelloterus littoradis) were distributed in the vicinity of sand beaches leading to Wolsong-ri, Dongbaeg-ri and Sadong-ri.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

The vascular plants of the 15 sites of Taeanhaean National Park were identified as 493 taxa; 117 families, 326 genera, 436 species, 49 varieties, 6 form, 2 hybrids. The National Park area includes coastal areas and islands, these islands reflects well the floristic characteristics of coastal area and transition area of the middle province and the southern province. The study revealed that Ficus erecta Thunb., Machilus thunbergii S. et Z., Neolitsea sericea (Bl.) Koidz. and Eurya japonica Thunb. etc. were the mainly distributed species in the southern area while Rosa rugosa Thunb., Carex kobomugi Ohwi and Elymus mollis Trin., etc. were mainly distributed species over the coastal dune area. Deciduous and evergreens broad-leaved trees like Acer palmatum Thunb. ex. Murray, Euonymus japonica Thunb. and Camellia japonica L., etc. were all together distributed in Taeanhaean National Park. There are no any Endangered species designated by The Ministry of Environment were not found. The floristic special plants were recorded to a total of 53 taxa; that is, class I species (41 taxa) were containing as Vitex rotundifolia L. Fil., Arisaema heterophyllum Bl. and Arisaema ringins (Thunb.) Schott, etc, class II species (1 taxon) were Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, class III species (7 taxa) were containing; Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., Salsola collina Pall. and Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., etc, class IV species (1 taxon) were Angelica japonica A. Gray, class V species (1 taxon) were Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica (Makino) Tamura. The naturalized plants were identified a total of 52 taxa; 17 families, 44 genera, 51 species, 1 form; Solanum carolinense L., Phytolacca americana L. and Oenothera odorata Jacq., etc. Among them the ecosystem disturbance wild animals·plants was identified as Solanum carolinense L. Hypochoeris radicata L. and Solidago altissima L. The study suggests that these areas require management such as physical remove of this ecosystem disturbance field plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2022

This study aims to shed light on the cultural history of Hajodae(河趙臺) enjoyed by writers of the Joseon Dynasty by analyzing the origin and the contents of the landscape based on the literature materials of Hajodae in Yangyang(襄陽). The results of the study are as follows. First, Hajodae is a space that is said to have been visited by Ha Ryun(河崙) and Jo Jun(趙浚). However, since this story has not been confirmed in the literature, various opinions coexisted in history. Jo Wi-Han(趙緯韓) quoted the opinions of aged people who lived in Yangyang, saying that it could be Jo In-Byeok(趙仁壁), not Jo Jun(趙浚), and Jo Deok-Rin(趙德鄰) recorded it as "遐眺臺", which means "a stand for a distance view." There is a need to clearly present the origin of Hajodae by revealing the literary authority. Second, Hajodae was talked about as the best scenic site in Gwandong(關東) in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty. during the mid-Joseon Dynasty. The writers of the time mentioned Hajodae as one of the best scenic sites in Gwandong, which soon became a symbol of Yangyang. These records of Hajodae show a relatively decreasing trend entering the late Joseon Dynasty. It is believed to be the result of the slight degrading in the status of Hajodae as the Eight Views of Gwandong were established and Naksansa Temple(洛山寺) gained fame. Third, the writers of Joseon enjoyed the scenic sites through various landscapes of Hajodae. The open terrain on three sides allowed a sea view and provided an opportunity to develop a great spirit or to reflect on oneself. On the other hand, the strange rock formations and cliffs, which correspond to a close-up view, drew the attention of tourists, and the Rosa rugosa Thunb. blooming in the Hajodae area was enough to show a bizarre charm. This shows the various charms of Hajodae, suggesting that the management of such landscape is necessary. Fourth, a Chinese poem about Hajodae shows the spatial meaning of Hajodae. Looking into all sides of the Chinese poem about Hajodae, a case of unburdening one's mind on the landscape, and the aspect a person compared oneself to the natural landscape or projected one's consciousness onto it, and a case of recalling Ha Ryun and Jo Jun, illustrious retainers in the early Joseon Dynasty are confirmed. It can be seen that it results in the aspect of expressing one's impressions and looking back on history through the landscape.