• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.224-236
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• 2017

This study analyzed the characteristics of traffic accidents among elderly drivers according to area type in Gyeonggido(urban areas, urban-rural complex areas, and rural areas). Traffic accidents caused by unsafe driving are common in all three types of areas. In urban areas and urban-rural complex areas, traffic accidents were more frequent due to traffic violations and intersection accidents, while rural areas were more affected by central lines. Urban areas and urban-rural complex areas require simpler signal exposures, such as a simple straight line, left turn, or straight line and left turn signal rather than complex signal operations, such as overlaps in a signal operation. Improvement of non-signal intersections and unprotected traffic signal processing is also needed. In order to prevent the intrusion of the central line in rural areas, the center line guard rail should be prevented from penetrating the center line, and the influence of the vehicle headlamp should be reduced in the opposite direction. It is necessary to improve the visibility by using fluorescent letters to enlarge the font size of traffic signs and road signs, particularly to increase visibility at night and prevent traffic accidents at sunset. Minimal, simplified should be provided rather than complex phrases and information.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to subdivide trade transaction-centered structure in a logistics/distribution industry system to apply blockchain, to establish and resolve with which types of technology, and to provide policy direction of government institution and technology to apply blockchain in this kind of industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted with previous researches centered on cases applied in various industry sectors on the basis of blockchain technology. Results - General fields of blockchain application include digital contents distribution, IoT platform, e-Commerce, real-estate transaction, decentralized app. development(storage), certification service, smart contract, P2P network infrastructure, publication/storage of public documents, smart voting, money exchange, payment/settlement, banking security platform, actual asset storage, stock transaction and crowd funding. Blockchain is being applied in various fields home and abroad and its application cases can be explained in the banking industry, public sector, e-Commerce, medical industry, distribution and supply chain management, copyright protection. As examined in the blockchain application cases, it is expected to establish blockchain that can secure safety through distributed ledger in trade transaction because blockchain is established and applied in various sectors of industries home and abroad. Parties concerned of trade transaction can secure visibility even in interrupted specific section when they provide it as a base for distributed ledger application in trade and establish trade transaction model by applying blockchain. In case of interrupted specific section by using distributed ledger, blockchain model of trade transaction needs to be formed to make it possible for parties concerned involved in trade transaction to secure visibility and real-time tracking. Additionally, management should be possible from the time of contract until payment, freight transfer to buyers through land, air and maritime transportation. Conclusions - In order to boost blockchain-based logistics/distribution industry, the government, institutionally, needs to back up adding legal plan of shipping, logistics and distribution, reviewing standardization of electronic switching system and coming up with blockchain-based industrial road maps. In addition, the government, technologically, has to support R&D for integration with other high technology, standardization of distribution industry's blockchain technology and manpower training to expand technology development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.204-210
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• 2019

In case of a fire inside a tunnel, unlike ordinary roads, it is very difficult for a driver to obtain visibility, and a large accident is highly likely to occur. In this study, the smoke behavior, visible distance, and CO concentration of a jet fan were analyzed using the NIST fire simulation (FDS). All analyses were set to HRRPUA (Heat Release Rate Per Area) 3.6MW/m and all the analysis times were set to 600s. In all analyses by CFD, the results were confirmed at y=30m and y=110m, and smoke behavior analysis, visible range analysis, and carbon monoxide concentration were confirmed according to the diameter and flow rate. As the size and flow rate of the jet fan increased, the visibility distance was high at y=30m, and the concentration of carbon monoxide was also confirmed to be 0 ppm. Therefore, proper setting of the jet fan diameter and flow rate will be an excellent solution for fires in tunnels, and taking refuge at upstream area of a re-ventilated fan can reduce the number of casualties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.3 s.76
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• pp.263-270
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• 2005

This paper presents a program for protecting vehicles against side winds on highways. The present study consists of three processes. The first one involves giving a guideline for evaluating driving safety in high winds. The second one involves making a guideline for determining the necessity of wind protection system for a certain road area. A reasonable procedure is suggested based on the probability model of wind data on weather stations and the correction of local topographical conditions. The third one involves design of wind barriers. Both CFD analyses and wind tunnel tests were performed to find the proper type of wind barrier considering vehicle controllability, structural safety, economical efficiency as well as driver's visibility. Performance of the designed wind fences was verified from field tests. The performance of the four different types of wind barrier installed at the elevated bridge were tested and some of the results were provided.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

With Various signs are installed at roadside to display the message which rather confuse the drivers. The technologies using advanced lighting system and LED have improved the visibility at nighttime but the problems with plural signs have yet to be resolved. In order to solve this problem, LED and the prismatic variable message sign have been applied. But, they have been provided limited information by the display limit. This research conducted to study patent and technical trend of the existing variable message signs to understand the present technology. And, we suggested next generation display to improve providing information. Therefore, we conducted to compare the LED and the OLED by technical and economical literature review. Also, this research conducted test of luminance contrast about the LED and the OLED display in order to understand the possibility of replacing road signs.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest the optimized transfer algorithm of earthwork considering the precluded area such as the lake, bogs. The earthwork transfer plan in massive cutting and banking should be established because of affecting the construction cost highly. Until now, there was the study about the optimized earthwork transfer model considering the OR(Operating Research). but isn't the study about the model considering the precluded area such as the lake, bogs. In most cases, the engineer adjusts the earthwork transfer path considering the precluded area, manually. The presented model suggests to calculate various visibility paths with $A^*$algorithm after converting the precluded area to polygon topology. By using this paths, the minimum cost path to optimize the earthwork transfer can be obtained. In this study, the validity of the model was proved as implementing the system for the optimized earthwork transfer considering the precluded area.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

Tunnel sections on the expressway are different from rest of sections on the expressway in terms of velocity, the number of passing cars, and vehicle density which, in particular, affect drivers' behavior before and after drivers pass through the tunnel. However, literature review reveals that former studies are too focused on quantitative indicator to consider qualitative aspects. Thus, this study tried to find out qualitative factors affecting speed reduction in tunnel sections based on questionnaire surveys and its analysis in tunnel sections selected by taking consideration of diverse conditions. Analysis showed that factors concerning tunnel configuration (lane width, shoulder width, and tunnel length) related to very long tunnels increasingly popular recently had some effects on reduced speed inside of tunnels. It appeared that visual environment such as visibility of tunnel entrance had an impact in speed reduction and vehicle speed tended to change according to lighting illumination level inside of tunnels. It is expected that continual investment would be made in technological development related to expressway tunnel design and service improvement based on this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2009

Most traffic information that drivers receive while driving are stored in their short-term memory and disappear within a few seconds. Contemporary modeling approaches using a dummy variable can't fully explain this phenomenon. As such, this study proposes to use utility functions of real-time in-vehicle traffic safety information (IVTSI), analyzing its safety impacts based on empirical data from an on-site driving experiment at signalized intersection approach with a limited visibility. For this, a driving stability evaluation model is developed based on driver's driving speed choice, applying an ordered probit model. To estimate the specified utility functions, the model simultaneously accounts for various factors, such as traffic operation, geometry, road environment, and driver's characteristics. The results show three significant facts. First, a normal density function (exponential function) is appropriate to explain the utility of IVTSI proposed under study over time. Second, the IVTSI remains in driver's short-term memory for up to nearly 22 second after provision, decreasing over time. Three, IVTSI provision appears more important than the geometry factor but less than the traffic operation factor.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2012

Effective use of traffic marking can lead to driver's safer driving by speed management and visibility enhancement. One of the critical factors in designing traffic marking is how to incorporate human factor issues into the design process. This study presented a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of Hi-pass marking on Korean freeways based on kansei engineering. Hi-pass marking scenarios made by a virtual reality tool were used to evaluate the user's perceptions. Various combination of chevron angles and peripheral transverse(PT) bars were used for the evaluation. The results show that the most effective scenario is a combination of 60 degree chevron angle and an askew parallelogramshaped PT bar shaped. It is expected that the proposed method and outcome will be useful for making safer driving maneuvers.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.788-805
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• 2010

The present USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks) node deployment practices have many limitations in terms of positional connectivity. The aim of this research was to minimize a redundancy of USN route nodes, by integrating spatially weighted parameters such as visibility, proximity to cell center, road density, building density and cell overlapping ratio into a comprehensive GIS database. This spatially weighted approach made it possible to reduce the number of route nodes (11) required in the study site as compared to that of the grid network method (24). The field test for RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) indicates that the spatially weighted deployment could comply with the quality assurance standard for node connectivity, and that reduced route nodes do not show a significant degree of signal fluctuation for different site conditions. This study demonstrated that the spatially weighted deployment can be used to minimize a redundancy of USN route nodes in a routine manner, and the quantitative evidence removing a redundancy of USN route nodes could be utilized as major tools to ensure the strong signal in the USN, that is frequently encountered in real applications.