• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2015

The main challenge in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction is the restoration of swallow and speech functions. The aim of this paper is to review the reconstructive options and associated complications for patients with head and neck cancer. A literature review was performed for pharynoesophagus reconstruction after ablative surgery of head and neck cancer for studies published between January 1980 to July 2015 and listed in the PubMed database. Search queries were made using a combination of 'esophagus' and 'free flap', 'microsurgical', or 'free tissue transfer'. The search query resulted in 123 studies, of which 33 studies were full text publications that met inclusion criteria. Further review into the reference of these 33 studies resulted in 15 additional studies to be included. The pharyngoesophagus reconstruction should be individualized for each patient and clinical context. Fasciocutaneous free flap and pedicled flap are effective for partial phayngoesophageal defect. Fasciocutaneous free flap and jejunal free flap are effective for circumferential defect. Pedicled flaps remain a safe option in the context of high surgical risk patients, presence of fistula. Among free flaps, anterolateral thigh free flap and jejunal free flap were associated with superior outcomes, when compared with radial forearm free flap. Speech function is reported to be better for the fasciocutaneous free flap than for the jejunal free flap.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 1999

Conventional interproximal stripping using abrasive strips is normally limited to the anterior teeth. The strips must be forced between the contact points of the teeth creating patient discomfort and the risk of cutting gingival tissue. Air-rotor stripping(ARS) with Essix anterior anchor enables the clinician to remove a precise amount of interproximal enamel to create space, primarily in the buccal quadrants, for aligning or retracting teeth. In selected cases, ARS can resolve significant differences in ratios of tooth site to arch length, and the technique can become an alternative to extraction or expansion. ARS can create substantially more space than that is usually obtained by conventional interproximal stripping, and it can be done at any time during treatment without discomfort to the patient and without adversely affecting the function of the dentition, interocclusal relations, or tooth form.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 2004

Along with a development of medical technology, a variety of tests, such as laboratory tests, x-ray and endoscopies are being used in health screening tests. As the tests determine the quality of health screening, test items of major health screening program in Korea. Most, of the health screening programmes focused upon detection of risk factors and diagnosis of life-style related diseases(diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, overweight, drinking, smoking, cerebrovascular diseases, osteoporosis), cancers(stomach, cervix, lung, breast, liver, colon, prostate, ovary, pancreas, thyroid, esophagus), infections diseases(hepatitis, tuberculosis, sexually-transmitted diseases, parasites), chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, chronic renal diseases(bacteriuria, hematuria, proteinuria), anemia, glaucoma, hearing loss, Alzheimer disease, stress and earlypsychiatric diseases. The health screening tests were basic physical examination, basic laboratory tests( CBC, urinalysis, liver function tests, lipid tests, glucose, HbA1c, uric acid, electrolytes, serological tests(HBsAg, HBs-Ab, HCV-Ab, HIV-Ab, VDRL) EKG, x-ray(chest PA, CT) endoscopy(gastroscopy, colonoscopy), sonography (abdomen, thyroid, pelvis, breast), cytology(cervix), bone density, tumor markers(NMP22, alpha-FP, CEA, CA-19-9, CA125, PSA and eye tests. Advanced technologies, like CT, PET, MRI, MRI/Angio, molecular testing were widly used in hospital based health screening programmes. In summary, a variety of tests were untilized in health screening in Korea. Those tests were utilized by stages or according to sex and age in most of health screening programmes, however a few programs used tests excessvely disregarding health screening subjects.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.419-430
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify variables influencing suicide ideation among adolescents. Methods: Data were collected from 235 middle school students in Chungbuk Province from April to September 2007. We used the Korean versions of Reynold's Suicide Ideation Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory and Conners-Wells' Adolescent Scale, Beck's Hopelessness Scale and Internet Addiction Scale-K for measuring the research variables. Results: Of the subjects, 23.0% were classified into the risk group of suicide ideation. Overall, the score of the suicide ideation scale was 14.25 (${\pm}16.38$). The score of the suicide ideation scale in female adolescents ($17.45{\pm}19.04$) was significantly higher than that in male ones ($11.17{\pm}12.65$). Depression was a major predictor of suicide ideation. ADHD, gender, internet addiction, and hopelessness were the other significant predictors of suicide ideation. Conclusion: A strategy for school mental health education should be provided in order to prevent suicide ideation. The function of school health and Mental Health Center should be reinforced in terms of organization and staff personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 1997

In accelerated life tests, the failure time of an item is observed under a high stress level and based on the time, the failure rates of items we estimated at the normal stress level. In this paper, when the mean of the prior distribution of a parameter is known in Weibull lifetime model with censored failure time data, we study various estimating methods to obtain the empirical Bayes estimator of a parameter from the empirical Bayes approach under the normal stress level by considering the fact that the Bayes estimator is the function of prior parameters and of the acceleration parameter representing the effect of acceleration. And we compare the performance of several empirical Bayes estimators of a parameter in terms of the Bayes risk.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

The research on the price-volume relation in the market is very important because it examines into regular phenomenon revealed by market participants including producers and middlemen. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between price and trading volume in the oyster producing market. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, the contents of empirical analysis include the time series properties of price and trading volume, the short-term and long-term relationships between price and trading volume, and the determinants of trading volume. The data used in this study correspond to daily price and trading volume covering the time period from January 1998 to April 2001. The empirical results can be summarized as follows : First, price and trading volume follow random walks and they are integrated of order 1. The first difference is necessary for satisfying the stationary conditions. Second, price and trading volume are cointegrated. This long-run relationship is stronger from trading volume to price. Third, error correction model suggests that feedback effect exists in the long-run and that price tends to lead trading volume by about five days in the short run, that is, to be required period by digging, conveying, and peeling oystershell for selling oyster. Fourth, price and price volatility is a determinant of trading volume. In particular, trading volume is a negative function of price. It is believed that the conclusion drawn from this study would provide a useful standard for the policy makers in charge of reducing the oyster price volatility risk caused by trading volume(selling quantities).

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 2001

Subsets pipelines are exposed to several potential risks of damage due to corrosion, soil instability, anchor impact and other hazards. One of the main risk factors for the safety of a subsea pipeline is its free spanning. This paper examines the safety of subsea pipelines with free span under axial compressive load. The variation of allowable lengths of dynamic free span is examined for generalized boundary conditions. The free span is modelled as a beam with an elastic foundations and the boundary condition is replaced by linear and rotational springs at each end. A dynamic free span curve is obtained with a function of non-dimensional parameters and can be used usefully for the design of subsea pipelines with a free span. A case study is carried out to introduce the application method of the curve.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Cancer is the disease of aging and Korea is one of the fastest aging country in the world. Older patients have decreased organ function and stress tolerance, therefore are at high risk of functional decline and developing complication from cancer and cancer treatment. Before beginning cancer treatment, it is important to assess patients' life expectancy, whether the patient is likely to die of cancer or of other comorbidity, and also the risks with cancer treatment. In order to estimate patient's physiologic age, it is recommended to perform geriatric assessment and implement appropriate geriatric intervention together with meticulous supportive care, when planning cancer treatment for older patients. In a resource limited country such as Korea, two step approach of applying screening tool followed by geriatric assessment can be more efficient. Geriatric assessment is used to predict toxicity from cancer treatment such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, predict survival, and also to aid treatment decision. Number of randomized trials are ongoing to compare usual care versus oncogeriatric care, and with these results we expect to improve outcome of older patients with cancer.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 1999

To understand a mechanism of underlying cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, the risk factors, cognitive function, blood dopamine concentrations and glutamate dehydrogenase activities of male schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia(N=30) were compared with those of schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia(N=30). The results were as following ; 1) The age, duration of illness and duration of medication were significantly more in schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia than schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia(respectively p<0.005, p<0.0001, p<0.0001). 2) The scores of MMSE, TIQ, VIQ and PIQ were significantly lower in schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia than schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia (rspectively p<0.0001). 3) Plasma dopamine concentrations were tended to be higher, and serum glutamate dehydrogenase activities were tended to be lower in schiz-ophrenics with tardive dyskinesia than schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia. 4) The cognitive deficit seemed to be negatively correlated with duration of illness and duration of medication(respectively ${\gamma}$=-0.496, ${\gamma}$=-0.615).

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.79-92
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• 2016

The development to the high quality of life society requirers not only economic development but also high level of capacity in disaster management which can address the disaster promptly and ready for man made disaster such as fires, traffic accidents, stopping the function of infrastructure in energy and telecommunication sectors. In this research a disaster management system which utilize cadastral data and cadastral sturcure has been p roposed a s a m ean o f enhancement of disaster management capacity. It is expected that to make use of all cadastral information in every disaster management steps, disaster risk information will be calculated and provided by parcel unite and the cadastral organization will participate to disaster management utilizing cadastral organization's nation wide structural network and skilled manpower by adopting parcel-based disaster management system.